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In today's world, where children are getting earlier and earlier access to technology and the Internet, there are many risks that can affect their safety. Parents and teachers have a key role in protecting children from these risks through appropriate awareness and preventive measures. This article discusses the risks faced by children and adolescents in a digital context, based on the results of various studies. A number of risks are presented, such as contact with strangers, cyberbullying, inappropriate online content and technology addiction.

Guru BK merupakan seorang pendidik yang ditugaskan untuk memandirikan siswa, mengembangkan potensi diri siswa, dan membantu siswa dalam mengentaskan masalah-masalah yang dialaminya baik di lingkungan sekolah maupun di lingkungan luar sekolah. Seorang guru BK diwajibkan membimbing 150 orang siswa, tetapi kenyataan di lapangan masih banyak guru BK yang membimbing siswa lebih dari beban kerjanya. Hal ini berdampak kepada kondisi guru BK yang rentan mengalami stres dalam melakukan pekerjannya. Dari data awal yang diketahui bahwa guru BK masih mengalami stres dalam bekerja, kondisi ini disebabkan oleh tingginya beban kerja, belum optimalnya pelayanan BK di sekolah, kejenuhan kerja yang dirasakan oleh guru BK, dan kemampuan coping stres guru BK yang belum optimal. Naska ini mencoba untuk memaparkan konsep stres kerja dan aspek yang terkait dengan stres kerja yang dialami oleh guru BK secara umum.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arthropod-borne viral pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality in small ruminants throughout Africa and the Middle East. Due to the sporadic and explosive nature of RVF outbreaks, vaccination has proved challenging to reduce RVFV infection in the ruminant population. Currently, there are two available types of vaccines, live and killed, in endemic areas. In this study, two mathematical models have been developed to explore the impact of live and killed vaccines on the transmission dynamics of RVFV. We demonstrate in general that vaccination helps reduce the severity of RVF outbreaks and that less delay in implementation and more vaccination attempts and effective vaccines can reduce the outbreak magnitude and the endemic number of RVFV. However, an introduction of a number of ruminants vaccinated by live vaccines in RVFV-free areas may cause an outbreak and RVFV may become endemic if there is sustained use of live vaccines. Other factors that are the important determinants of RVF outbreaks include: unsustained vaccination programs, recruitment of susceptible ruminants, and the seasonal abundance of mosquitoes.

Geochemical research was carried as part of the environmental research project at the Geological Survey of Slovenia. The aim of the project was to determine the impact on the environment caused by heavy metals released in the environment during mining and smeltingactivity in the area of Litija. The samples of attic dust and soil (0–5 cm) were examined with the view to separate the natural distribution of chemical elements in the environment from the one caused by past mining and smelting activities. Based on chemically analyses we determine two main geochemical associations and their spatial distribution. First geochemical association (Al, Co, Ce, K, La, Li, Nb, Rb, Sc, Ta, Th in Ti) is influencedmainlybynatural source, the second man-made association (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb, Sn in Zn) is caused mainly because of mining and lead smelting.

Arsenic, a toxic element with metalloid properties, is found in detectable concentrations in environmental samples. In nature it is enriched in metal (sulphide) ore deposits, mainly as arsenides of Cu, Ni and Fe. Arsenic compounds are used mainly in agricultureand forestry as pesticides and herbicides. The ecosystem can be contaminated with arsenic via both natural and anthropogenic sources. Uses of arsenic contaminated water present so far the greatest health hazard. Occurrences of mining related arsenic problems havealso been recorded in many parts of the world.The impact of mining and metallurgic industry with regard to arsenic contents in soils in some potentially contaminated areas in Slovenia is discussed. Enriched contents of arsenic were found in Mežica. Arsenic correlates very well with lead, zinc and other heavymetals which are enriched as a result of long lasting lead production in the area. Also in Celje and Jesenice arsenic has the same distribution pattern as other anthropogenically introduced pollutants. In Idrija there are some slightly arsenic enriched areas, but there is no correlation with mercury, so the origin of arsenic in not clear yet.

The objective of the research project was to establish the extension of Hg pollution as a consequence of mining and smelting activities in a narrow Alpine valley. The St. Ana mine was first exploited as early as in 1557 and was finally abandoned in 1902. The entire operating period yielded about 110.000 tons of ore, from which 360 tons of Hg was produced. By soil sampling it was established that on about 9 ha the Hg contents in soil exceed the Slovenian critical values for soil (10 mg/kg). The estimated mercury mean for the studied area is 1.3 mg/kg (0.17 – 718 mg/kg). The highest contents of mercury in soilswere found in the area of the mercury smelter.That is a consequence of former atmospheric emissions and technological losses. High values of Hg were found also in soil on the mine and smelter waste dump. The highest determined contents of Hg (108 mg/kg) in this area are almost 7-times lower than thecontents of Hg in the area of the smelter. Mercury in soils generally decrease with depth and distance from the mine and smelter. Apart from the area around the former mine and smelter, mercury appear in higher concentrations also along the road that runs along thevalley, which is due to the use of Hg bearing mine tailings in road construction.

Background: The positive impact of pharmaceutical care in improving medication safety is considered proven. Little is known about the economic benefit of clinical pharmaceutical services in Germany., Objective: In 2020, a pilot project was started at the Ernst von Bergmann Hospital to introduce ward-based clinical pharmacists in intensive care medicine, also in order to determine the economic benefit of the medication management offered., Methods: By a team of experienced intensive care physicians and clinical pharmacists on the basis of a consensus principle, each pharmaceutical intervention (PI) was assigned a probability score (Nesbit probability score) with which an adverse drug event (ADE) would have occurred. Assuming that each ADE results in an increased length of stay, the costs of intensive care treatment/day were used as potential savings. The model thereby combines the findings of two international publications to enable an economic analysis of pharmaceutical services., Results: During the study period, 177 pharmaceutical interventions were evaluated and corresponding probability scores for the occurrence of ADE were determined. From this, annual savings of € 80,000 through avoided costs were calculated., Conclusion: In this project, the economic benefit of pharmaceutical services in intensive care medicine was proven. Ward-based clinical pharmacists are now an integral part of the intensive care treatment team at the Ernst von Bergmann Hospital., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: Unplanned readmission of hospitalized patients to an ICU is associated with an increased mortality and hospital length of stay. The ability to identify patients at risk, who would benefit from prolonged ICU treatment, is limited. The aim of this study is to validate a previously published numerical index named the Stability and Workload Index for Transfer in a heterogeneous group of ICU patients., Design: In this retrospective data analysis, the Stability and Workload Index for Transfer score was calculated for all patients, and the ability of the score to predict readmission was compared with the original publication., Setting: Four ICUs, one intermediate care unit, and one postanesthesia care unit of the department of anesthesia and intensive care of a university hospital., Patients: All consecutive patients treated in one of the units., Interventions: None., Measurements and Main Results: Unplanned ICU readmissions or unexpected death within 7 days of ICU discharge. The data of 7,175 patients were included in the analysis. Five hundred ninety-six patients were readmitted or died within 7 days of discharge. The patients who are readmitted to the ICU are significantly older and have significantly higher scores that define the severity of disease at the time of admission and discharge of their first ICU stay. The source of admission for the initial ICU stay did not differ (p = 0.055), and the last Glasgow Coma Scale and the last PaO2/FIO2 ratio before discharge from the ICU were higher in patients who did not need a readmission to the ICU. The performance of the Stability and Workload Index for Transfer score is poor with an area under the receiver operator curve of 0.581 (95% CI, 0.556-0.605; p < 0.001)., Conclusions: Based on the data from our patients, the proposed Stability and Workload Index for Transfer score by Gajic et al is not ideal in aiding the clinician in the decision, if a patient can be discharged safely from the ICU and further research is necessary to define the patients at risk for readmission.