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Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone, Doktoritöö kolm empiirilist uuringut keskenduvad igaüks ettevõtete-ülikoolide koostöö erinevale osapoolele. Esimene uuring leiab vastuse küsimusele, millised ettevõtted teevad ülikoolidega koostööd, tegureid vaadeldakse eraldi nii kodu- kui välismaiste ülikoolide jaoks, lisaks võrreldakse koostöötegureid 14 Euroopa riigi lõikes. Teise uuringu keskmes on ettevõtete-ülikoolide koostöö toetamisele suunatud poliitikameetmed, mille ülesehitust võrreldakse 23 Euroopa riigi lõikes. Kolmas uuring analüüsib ettevõtlushariduse näitel erinevate õpetamismeetodite seost õpiväljunditega, mis peegeldavad teadmisi, oskusi ja suhtumist, mis toetavad ettevõtlusalast tegevust. Kõigi kolme uuringu tulemused viitavad riigi innovatsioonisüsteemi olulisusele ja näitavad, et ettevõtete-ülikoolide koostöö sõltub erinevaid koostöö osapooli ümbritsevast keskkonnast ehk kontekstist., The thesis consists of three empirical studies that are focusing on different participants of university-industry cooperation. Study 1 answers the question about which firms cooperate with universities, the determinants of cooperation are analysed separately for home and foreign universities. In addition, the results are compared across 14 European countries. Study 2 is devoted to policy measures that are meant for supporting university-industry cooperation. The design of these measures is compared across 23 European countries. In Study 3, different teaching methods in entrepreneurial education are compared in terms of their learning outcomes, which reflect the knowledge, skills and attitudes for supporting entrepreneurial activities. All three studies indicate the importance of the national innovation system and show that university-industry cooperation is dependent on the environment that is surrounding the participants of university-industry cooperation. In other words, all three studies emphasize the role played by the context.

The purpose of the paper is to find out whether linkages between productivity and innovation are different among Estonian service sector sub-sectors. In this paper productivity is measured as value added per employee. An original approach toward measurement of productivity is used, decomposing it into three components: labour costs, depreciation and gross profit per employee. Four types of innovation are studied: product, process, organizational and marketing innovation. The empirical analysis is based on productivity data from the Estonian Business Register and innovation data from the Estonian Community Innovation Survey 5, covering the period between 2004 and 2006. Results based on Estonian service sectors reveal that in different sub-sectors different types of innovation are linked to productivity. Still, all linkages between innovation and productivity or its components are positive. There is one exception: among assisting services marketing innovation and gross profit are negatively associated with each other.