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Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:35:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-08-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Agaricus subrufescens growers have faced difficulties in standardizing and maintaining optimal production yield, even when they produce or acquire quality substrate, as cultivation success is also related to the quality of the casing layer and the production environment. The production of A. subrufescens was evaluated using different casing layers and methods for primordia induction. Three experiments were carried out: 1) to evaluate the effect of dolomitic limestone in the casing layer; 2) to evaluate the effect of different combinations of mineral and organic materials used as the casing layer; and 3) to evaluate the effect of temperature in primordia induction with two commercial strains. The results demonstrated that an increase in the limestone concentration in the casing resulted in a superior yield (16.7%). Casing layer combinations using organic substrate + sand (proportion 1:1, volume to volume) resulted in a greater yield (19.2%). Temperature did not affect primordia induction. Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) Departamento de Biologia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas (FCAT) Department of Plant Agriculture University of Guelph Instituto Federal do Triangulo Mineiro Campus de Ituiutaba Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas (FCAT) FAPEMIG: 02348/11 FAPESP: 2015/15306-3

β-Glucan is a polysaccharide with anticancer properties, and it is present in the mushroom Agaricus subrufescens . The aim of this study was to compare two analytical methods to quantify β-glucan in mushrooms and analyze the nutritional characteristics, the concentration of phenolic compounds and the mineral composition, for A. subrufescens strains. An enzymatic extraction was performed, and β-glucan was quantified by spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). No significant differences were found between the two methods of quantification of β-glucan. The CS7 and CS10 strains were found to have greater amounts of β-glucan, similar to the levels found in Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus-sajor-caju . Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes samples contained even higher amounts of β-glucan. Significant differences were found in the nutritional characteristics for all parameters assessed, except for fat content. There was no difference between the strains with regard to phenolic compounds or certain mineral components. Fresh A. subrufescens mushrooms are not considered to be a high-protein food. However, they are a good source of fiber and minerals, in addition to being low in fat. Spectrophotometry presents the advantages of being quicker and lower in cost; this technique may be suggested as the standard for measurement of the β-glucan. Keywords: β-Glucan, medicinal mushroom, royal sun mushroom, almond portobello.

Agaricus brasiliensis cultures quickly lose viability when stored at cool temperatures, even for a short period of time. We evaluated several low-cost preservation methods using varied substrates, preservation solutions, and storage temperatures. Agaricus brasiliensis was intolerant to freezing temperatures, making liquid nitrogen use and deep-freezing methods impossible for its preservation. The best preservation conditions for the A. brasiliensis CS1 strain tested in this study were obtained by using rice as substrate and water as preservation solution, with storage at room temperature or when using soil, mushroom cultivation compost, or rice and stored at 10 °C without preservation solution. Those cultures that were reactivated showed the same productivity attributes as the control. In addition, no effect on productivity or biological efficiency was observed through successive subculturing of the strain (CS1). Parboiled rice was successfully used for other A. brasiliensis strains (CS2, CS5, CS7, CS9, and CS10), and also for Pleurotus ostreatus, P. sajor-caju, and Lentinula edodes.

A obtenção de protoplastos é uma ferramenta importante para a transformação genética de fungos. Neste trabalho foi estudada a influência de fatores como idade micelial, tipo e concentração de enzimas e estabilizadores osmóticos na produção de protoplastos de Aspergillus ochraceus. Os melhores resultados de produção de protoplastos foram obtidos utilizando-se NH4Cl 0,8mol L-1 como estabilizador osmótico, micélio com 24h de crescimento e a combinação de Lysing Enzymes e Meicelase ambas, a 20mg mL-1. Entretanto, bons resultados foram também obtidos com a utilização apenas de Lysing Enzymes. Production of protoplasts is an important tool for genetic transformation of fungi. A protocol for protoplasts production in Aspergillus ochraceus was developed, evaluating culture aging of mycelium, different commercial enzymes and osmotic stabilizers. The best results were obtained with NH4Cl 0.8mol L-1 as osmotic stabilizer, mycelial age of 24 hours and Lysing Enzymes (20mg mL-1) plus Meicelase (20mg mL-1) as lytic enzymes. Good results were also obtained with Lysing Enzymes alone.