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In the majority of cases, anti-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis is a severe, but treatable disorder, therefore early diagnosis and adequate therapy are very important. It should be suspected in children and young women, who develop acute psychiatric symptoms and seizures. During the course of the disease severe encephalopathy, agitation, hallucinations, orofacial dyskinesias, prolonged cognitive disturbance, autonomic symptoms can be observed and akinetic mutism develops. EEG shows diffuse slowing. Brain MRI is normal or unspecific. Elevated protein, pleiocytosis and oligoclonal bands can be present in the CSF Detection of NMDA-receptor antibodies in sera or CSF confirms diagnosis. We present the case of a 15-year-old girl, who fully recovered within two months after steroid treatment and repeated plasma exchange. Ovarian teratoma has not been detected.

Adrenal abscess is a rare disease in the neonatal period. The classical symptoms are abdominal mass, anaemia and prolonged jaundice which are associated with fever, vomiting and feeding difficulties. The authors present the histories of two mature, male newborns with adrenal hemorrhage, where the size of the masses increased progressively and finally adrenal abscesses were developed. The first case showed the classical symptoms of adrenal abscess, however, the antibiotic treatment led to complete remission of the symptoms and laboratory infectious markers, therefore the baby was discharged. In a few day later he became septic and was admitted again. This time he was operated on and a large abscess was evacuated, which contained about 60 ml of pus. After this intervention multi-organ failure developed, but due to the intensive therapy the baby recovered. In the second newborn the increasing adrenal hemorrhage was accompanied by elevated infectious markers despite of the different antibiotic treatments, however, he showed no clinical signs of infection. Because of the discrepancies between the clinical and laboratory findings and also the imaging studies the possibility of neuroblastoma has also arisen. Urinary vanillylmandelic acid excretion was normal, but elevated neuron-specific enolase levels were measured. Surgical exploration was performed, pus was drained from the mass and anaerobic Bacteroides fragilis was cultured, therefore metronidazole therapy was started. After that the baby fully recovered.

The authors present the cases of two infants with congenital cytomegalovirus infection, who to the best of the authors' knowledge were the first ones to receive ganciclovir treatment in Hungary. Both infants were treated for symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection affecting the central nervous system. Ganciclovir was given intravenously in two phases, for a total of 4 and 6 weeks, in a daily dose of 5-10 mg/kg. Diagnosis of infection and follow-up of treatment efficacy was based on the quantitative assessment by PCR assay of viral nucleic acid in blood and urine samples. Treatment resulted in substantial reduction of viral copy numbers in both infants' blood and urine samples. Improvement in the biochemical markers of disease activity was accompanied with spectacular improvement of clinical symptoms in the infant with severe liver involvement. Following the treatment viral loads increased in both infant but clinical symptoms did not reoccur. In one patient a considerable improvement of hearing loss was observed. The authors' first results indicate that ganciclovir treatment of neonatal cytomegalovirus infection represents a promising approach in preventing the progression of the disease and in ameliorating the consequences.