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This paper presents an updated review of the main general aspects of stem cells: historical background; definition of stem cells based on their main characteristics (degree of differentiation, pluripotent potential, self-renewing capacity and reintregration to embryonic tissue); classification of stem cells by their degree of differentiation (totipotent stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, multipotent stem cells, and tissue-specific stem cells); origins of pluripotent stem cells (embryonic carcinoma cells, embryonic stem cells, and embryonic germ cells); main methods to obtain embryonic stem cells (use of morulae, complete blastocysts and immunosurgery of inner cell mass); main methods to obtain adult stem cells (purification in peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, whole bone marrow, and nervous tissue). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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