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Building energy consumption and environmental emission are significantly influenced by end-users, and building energy simulations tools are used to optimize the performance of the building. Currently, most of the simulation tools considered oversimplified behaviour and contribute to the energy gap between the predicted and actual consumption. However, the building energy performance also depends on occupant dynamic behaviours and this tools fails to capture the dynamic occupant behaviour. To overcome this, developing a co-simulation platform is an effective approach to integrate an occupant behaviour modelling using a multi-agent-based simulation with building energy simulation tools. The co-simulation process is conducted in Building Control Virtual Testbed (BCVTB), a virtual simulation coupling tool that integrates the two separate simulations on a time step basis. This method is applied to a case study of a multi-occupant office building within an engineering school in France. The result shows the applicability and relevance of the developed platform.

International audience; It is now accepted that using multi-agent systems (MAS) improve the reactivity to treat perturbation(s) within flexible manufacturing system. Intelligent algorithms shall be used to address these perturbation(s) and all smart decision entities within their environment have to continuously negotiate until their common and final goal is achieved. This paper proposes a negotiation-based control approach to deal with variability on a manufacturing system. It has initially formulated and modeled an environment in which all contributing entities or agents operate, communicate, and interact with each other productively. Then after, simulation and applicability implementation experiments on the basis of full-sized academic experimental platform have been conducted to validate the proposed control approach. Product and resource entities negotiate considering different key performance measures in order to set best priority-based product sequencing. This has been done with expectations that the applicability of the negotiation-based decision-making will be more adaptable to deal with perturbation(s) than another alternative decision-making approach called pure reactive control approach. The result showed that negotiation among the decisional entities has brought significant improvement in reducing makespan and hence conveyed better global performance of a manufacturing system.

International audience; The emergence of Cyber Physical System has dramatically impacted the use of traditionally centralized control system in responding to unexpected events. Rush order is quite common unexpected event in the current dynamic market characteristics and has significant perturbing ability to a centrally predictive schedule. This paper is aimed to propose a Consensus algorithm for Multi-agent based Manufacturing system (CoMM) to control the rush order and henceforth minimize a makespan. Consensus is an algorithmic procedure applied in control theory which allows convergence of state between locally autonomous agents collaborating for their common goal. Leader-Follower communication approach was used among the multi-agent to deal with the perturbing event. Each agent decides when to broadcast its state to neighbor agents and the controlling decision depends on the behavior of this state. The consensus algorithm is initially modeled by networking all contributing agents. After this, it is validated with simulation experiment based on academic full-sized application platform called TRACILOGIS platform. The results showed that the consensus algorithm has significantly minimized the impact of rush order on makespan of manufacturing orders launched on a system.

International audience; The scheduling problem in manufacturing companies with high rework rates remains a complex research area to date. This paper presents a new approach for manufacturing scheduling that combines a predictive schedule with a proactive multicriteria decision-making method based on smart batches and their quality prediction capability. Each batch embeds an algorithm that allows it to predict its quality out of the next workstation. As soon as a batch determines that its process is too hazardous, a collaborative rescheduling decision, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), is initiated with its peer. This article details the proposed approach along with the AHP structure and presents the considered decision problem. A simulation model inspired by a lacquering-robot case study is described to validate this proposition. Then, the results of different scenarios are presented and discussed, highlighting the impact of social myopia on smart batches.

International audience; DDB2, known for its role in DNA repair, was recently shown to reduce mammary tumor invasiveness by inducing the transcription of IκBα, an inhibitor of NF-κB activity. Since cellular adhesion is a key event during the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) leading to the invasive capacities of breast tumor cells, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of DDB2 in this process. Thus, using low and high DDB2-expressing MDA-MB231 and MCF7 cells, respectively, in which DDB2 expression was modulated experimentally, we showed that DDB2 overexpression was associated with a decrease of adhesion abilities on glass and plastic areas of breast cancer cells. Then, we investigated cell nanomechanical properties by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our results revealed significant changes in the Young's Modulus value and the adhesion force in MDA-MB231 and MCF7 cells, whether DDB2 was expressed or not. The cell stiffness decrease observed in MDA-MB231 and MCF7 expressing DDB2 was correlated with a loss of the cortical actin-cytoskeleton staining. To understand how DDB2 regulates these processes, an adhesion-related gene PCR-Array was performed. Several adhesion-related genes were differentially expressed according to DDB2 expression, indicating that important changes are occurring at the molecular level. Thus, this work demonstrates that AFM technology is an important tool to follow cellular changes during tumorigenesis. Moreover, our data revealed that DDB2 is involved in early events occurring during metastatic progression of breast cancer cells and will contribute to define this protein as a new marker of metastatic progression in this type of cancer.

Nowadays complex control systems are rising and especially hybrid control architectures which are developed to face the manufacturing control challenges that occur with the last industrial revolution and the emerging of industry 4.0. This work presents an application, on a testing platform, of a scheduling algorithm, with multi-criteria objectives, developed for Acta-Mobilier company suffering from high rework rate. This algorithm will inscribe itself in a hybrid control system based on smart entities. The main objective is to validate the contribution of the proposed algorithm in a disturbed environment. The platform, implemented with a multi-agent's system, allows to measure the reliability of the proposed algorithm used on a complex system in the particular case of high rework rate.

In order to ensure an overall efficient production performance, the industrial experiences and research activities have demonstrated the interest of hybrid control systems, which couple a predictive scheduling with a distributed reactive control. In this context, it is commonly accepted that using the multi-agent systems (MAS) paradigm enhances the reactivity to treat disturbances and improves the decision making process of a shop floor. Each agent can have different capabilities (evolution, learning etc.) and the whole system, based on the agent interaction, leads emerging behaviours to dynamically adapt the production schedule. This paper is aimed to develop and simulate a negotiation scenario to deal with disturbed manufacturing processes. The scenario was implemented on the basis of TRACILOGIS test-bed platform. The negotiation protocol consists in setting the best sequential priority based on some performance indicators. This protocol is compared with a purely reactive production mode.

International audience; This paper deals with the problem of modelling and controlling a multi-zone office building to ensure its thermal comfort by an optimal and cost effective management of the energy consumption. A thermal behaviour analysis of the building is carried out using the SimscapeTM library in MATLAB/SimulinkR environment that leads to a multi-model representation. Based on this modelling, the Yalmip toolbox in the MATLAB programming environment or an iterative optimization algorithm can be used to solve the control optimisation problem. The design of a model predictive control associated with a wise choice of the cost function makes it possible to obtain in simulation substantial energy benefits.

Evaluating a proposed control architecture nearly always requires experiments and applications. This paper propose an emulation-based benchmarking framework to design and run such experiments. The proposition is based on an architecture integrating the control system with the virtual controlled system (emulation model), and on generic constructs to build this emulation model. The main feature of this architecture is presented in this paper : the constructs used to build emulation model and their generic interface with the control system. Then, Emulica, an open-source implementation of the benchmarking environment is presented.

International audience; Product-driven systems (PDS) may enable manufacturing companies to meet business demands more quickly and effectively, by localizing decision as near as possible to the material flows. However, the actual architecture of a PDS is still not well defined. This paper proposes a PDS architecture based on a particular interpretation of the concept of stigmergy, where cooperation between production actors is achieved thanks to attributes (informational pheromones) attached to products. This stigmergic design pattern is presented. Agent-oriented components which implement it are presented, are firstly applied to a laboratory platform, and secondly on an industrial test-case.

International audience; This paper proposes a new interpretation of stigmergy, where cooperation between production actors is achieved thanks to attributes (informational pheromones) attached to products. From this interpretation is introduced a new design pattern that can be used to develop product-driven systems. Agent-oriented components which implement it are presented, and then applied on an experimental platform.

International audience; Product-driven control may enable manufacturing companies to meet business demands more quickly and effectively. But a key point in making this concept acceptable by industry is to provide benchmarking environments in order to compare and analyze their efficiency on emulated large-scale industry-led case studies with regard to current technologies and approaches. In this paper, a benchmarking protocol is defined, in order to provide R\&D practitioners with benchmarking services in a product-driven implementation project. A component-based generic architecture is proposed to support this protocol, enabling to model and compare various control architectures. This benchmarking protocol is applied to an automotive-industry case study in order to evaluate the impact of making the products interact with the local decision centers. Finally the experiments show that product-driven control can perform as good as traditional centralized control, and that its robustness depends mainly of the local decision-making processes.

International audience; Pour répondre aux exigences croissantes de gestion de la variété des produits, dans un environnement de plus en plus incertain, des approches de pilotage par le produit ont été formulées. Cependant, leur développement tant scientifique qu'industriel nécessite des outils d'évaluation permettant l'expérimentation, la validation et la réalisation de démonstrations à destination des industriels et ce, en tenant compte de la dimension et de la complexité de ces contextes industriels. Cet article présente un tel outil, permettant en particulier d'assister un scientifique ou un industriel dans les choix devant être faits lors d'un projet de mise en œuvre d'un pilotage par le produit. Après un état de l'art sur l'évaluation des performances des systèmes de pilotages « intelligents », nous présenterons les particularités de l'évaluation d'un tel pilotage. Ensuite, nous spécifierons une méthodologie d'évaluation accompagnant le projet de pilotage par le produit au cours de ses phases successives, puis nous présenterons un prototype à base de composants logiciels permettant de mettre en œuvre cette méthodologie. Enfin, quelques applications seront présentées.

International audience; New developments in production control can be grouped around two modes: distributed and centralised control. Interaction between these control modes can be seen as a B2M issue. We propose in this paper an alternative B2M architecture, using holonic products, in order to nable cooperation between centralised business and distributed manufacturing decision systems. We will first give the requirements of such a system, then outline the structure of the holonic product and finally study the possible interaction protocols between the products and the decision system.

International audience; For decades now, manufacturing systems have grown in size and complexity. Between new consumption habits and hypercompetitive markets, manufacturing systems have started a race towards the industry of the future. Still, many technological and societal issues are paving their way: connectivity, resilience and human integration being among the most critical ones. The idea of this paper is to bring a new framework to help answering these issues by bringing resilience to systems, improving their interoperability, enhancing Data acquisition, transmission & processing, enabling the establishment hierarchical levels among agents, or by facilitating the system acceptance by human agents and the human integration within the system. To this end, this article brings a new formal framework for Social Holonic Control Architectures, based on an analysis of the existing literature. An UML-based modelling framework will equally be proposed to ease understanding and implementation of this new Social Holonic Control Architecture, illustrated by a concrete application on a small-scale Multi-Agent System.