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Calophyllum is the genus of evergreen tropical flowering plants in the Clusiaceae family. They are predominantly located in Asia with some of its genus distributed in the Pacific Islands, Americas, Australasia and Africa. Plants of the genus are well known for their chemical properties with lots of secondary metabolites such as triterpenes, flavonoids, coumarins and xanthones. Compounds from Calophyllum have been reported to have cytoprotective, anti-HIV, anti-secretory, cytotoxic, antinociceptive, molluscicidal and antimicrobial properties. Some of the plants in Calophyllum are used in folk medicine to treat conditions like peptic ulcers, tumours, inflammation, infections and pain. Calophyllum genus is important with respect to their ecological as well as their medicinal properties. But in India, some species located in Western Ghats are in vulnerable stage. Even so, there is no remarkable studies carried out about this genus. So, for a sustainable environment, we should focus on the conservation, restoration and rehabilitation of the genus that makes huge differences in their population. This article reviews the genus Calophyllum of Western Ghats as a potential medicinal tree species.

Proline utilization A (PutA) from Bradyrhizobium japonicum (BjPutA) is a bifunctional avoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of proline to glutamate using fused proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and ∆1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH) domains. Recent crystal structures and kinetic data suggest an intramolecular channel connects the two active sites, promoting substrate channeling of the intermediate P5C from the PRODH domain to the P5CDH domain. In this work several mutations were made along the channel in an effort to block passage of P5C to the second active site. Analysis of several site-specic mutants in the substrate channel of BjPutA revealed an important role for D779 in the channeling path. BjPutA mutants D779Y and D779W signicantly decreased the overall PRODH-P5CDH channeling reaction indicating that bulky mutations at residue D779 impede travel of P5C through the channel. Interestingly, D779Y and D779W also exhibited lower P5CDH activity, suggesting that exogenous P5C must enter the channel upstream of D779. Replacing D779 with a smaller residue (D779A) had no effect on the catalytic and channeling properties of BjPutA showing that the carboxylate group of D779 is not essential for channeling. An identical mutation at D778 (D778Y) did not impact BjPutA channeling activity. Thus, D779 is optimally orientated so that replacement with the larger side chains of Tyr/Trp blocks P5C movment through the channel. The kinetic data reveal not only that bulky mutations at residue D779 hinder passage of P5C to the second active site, but also P5C must use the channel to efciently access the P5CDH domain. Moreover, these mutants may be used to learn more about the hydrolysis event that is thought to take place within the channel

Objectives: To compare radiographic and clinical midterm outcomes of posterior malleolar fractures treated with anterior to posterior lag screw versus posterior buttress plating fixation. Patients: Between June 2017 and June 2021, patients with posterior malleolar fractures were identified by the Current Procedural Terminology code and their charts were reviewed for eligibility. Intervention: Posterior malleolar fixation using either anterior to posterior (AP) lag screws or posterior buttress plating. Main Outcome Measurements: Demographic data, length of follow-up, range of motion, and postoperative Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) scores were the main outcome measurements. Immediate postoperative radiographs for residual gap/step-off and final follow-up radiographs for the degree of arthritis that developed were evaluated.Results: 37 patients were eligible for the study, and 27 choose to participate. 16 patients underwent posterior buttress plating, and 11 underwent AP screw fixation with mean follow-up times of 26 and 20 months, respectively. Demographic data were similar between groups. The posterolateral plating group demonstrated superior postoperative SMFA scores compared with the AP screw group with statistically significant differences in the SMFA bother index (26.7 vs. 9.2, P = 0.03) and trends toward improvement in the mobility (28.3 vs. 12.9, P = 0.08) and functional indices (20.2 vs. 9.4, P = 0.08). There were no significant differences in the range of motion or the development of ankle arthritis over time. Conclusions: Patients with trimalleolar ankle fractures in whom the posterior malleolus was treated with posterolateral buttress plating had superior clinical outcomes at follow-up compared with those treated with AP screws.

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) or cardiovascular diseases are recognized to be one of the most important reasons of morbidity and mortality and imposes tremendously heavy socioeconomic burden worldwide. There are varieties of risk factors in the literature which increases the incidence of CHD such as hyperlipidemia. By the year 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) is predicting more than 11.1 million deaths from CHD. Coronary heart disease occurs when cholesterol accumulates on the artery walls, creating plaques. Reduced blood ow occurs when one or more of these arteries become partially or completely blocked. The four primary coronary arteries are located on the surface of the heart are: right, left main coronary artery, left circumex artery and left anterior descending artery. Material and Methods: The present study was done on 100 patients with acute or severe coronary heart diseases. Serum levels of total cholesterol, HDLcholesterol, LDLcholesterol, and triglycerides were examined by using biochemical kits. Results: The Total Serum Cholesterol to High density lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Low density lipoprotein- Cholesterol to High density lipoprotein-Cholesterol ratios also were signicantly higher in cases than in controls, whereas the rise in Triglycerides to High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol ratio was not found to be signicant. Conclusion: It was found that the total cholesterol, HDLcholesterol, LDLcholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were signicantly higher in coronary heart disease patients.

In this study, bamboo strips were disintegrated into thin fiber bundles using a combination of chemical and mechanical method. Alkali solution for chemical treatment and disintegration of bamboo strips by compression in flat press for mechanical method were used. Bamboo fiber bundles so obtained were used to make composite using phenol formaldehyde resin. It was found that the mechanical properties of composite have improved.

In this study, Caulerpa racemosa oil was used to produce biodiesel by recombinant Pichia pastoris displaying bound (rPp-BL) and secretory lipase (rPp-SL). Collected algae was pre-treated using ultrasonication, microwave and solvent extraction. Defatted C. racemosa was subjected to dilute acid treatment to obtain algal biomass hydrolysate. Both rPp-BL and rPp-SL were cultivated in algal biomass hydrolysate and glycerol. Surfactant treatment was performed on rPp-BL. Screening and optimization of variables were performed for biodiesel production using Plackett Burman design and central composite design, respectively. About 10.64 % (w/w) of algal oil was extracted from C. racemosa. Both rPp-BL and rPp-SL effectively utilized C. racemosa biomass hydrolysate and glycerol. rPp-SL combined with triton X (1.0 % w/v) treated rPp-BL for 3 min improved lipase activity. Methanol to oil ratio, combined whole cell biocatalyst and temperature were significant factors. Under optimum conditions, biodiesel yield reached about 93.64 % after 30 h using developed whole cell biocatalyst.

INTRODUCTION: Most studies of early programming focus on very LBWor extremely LBW, even though the majority of all LBWchildren are 2 born only with marginally LBW. The pathogenesis behind CVD is multifactorial, and for health care providers to be able to assess the risk of each individual, we need to know more about this common subgroup. AIM:Being born with LBWaffects later cardiovascular risk. RESUILT: In Marginally LBW group, 4.7(0.6) patients had Fasting glucose(mmol/L), 2.7(2.3-3.8) patients had Fasting insulin(µU/mL), 0.57(0.4-0.8) patients had HOMA-IR, 4.4(0.7) patients had Cholesterol(mmol/L), 0.50(0.2) patients had Triglyceride(mmol/L), 2.7(0.6) patients had LDL(mmol/L), 1.5(0.3) patients had HDL(mmol/L), 0.82(0.2) patients had ApoB(g/L), 1.4(0.2) patients had ApoA1 (g/L), 0.51(0.3) patients had ApoB/ApoA1and 0.24(0.1-0.7) patients had hs-CRP(mg/L). In Controls group, 3.5(0.5) patients had Fasting glucose(mmol/L), 2.8(LD-3.5) patients had Fasting insulin(µU/mL), 0.60(LD-0.7) patients had HOMA-IR, 5.5(0.8) patients had Cholesterol(mmol/L), 0.57(0.2) patients had Triglyceride(mmol/L), 2.9(0.7) patients had LDL(mmol/L), 1.4(0.3) patients had HDL(mmol/L), 0.71(0.2) patients had ApoB(g/L), 1.4(0.2) patients had ApoA1 (g/L), 0.57(0.1) patients had ApoB/ApoA1and 0.18(0.1-0.5) patients had hs-CRP(mg/L). CONCLUSION: Some risk factors originating from the fetal environment cannot be changed after birth, good cardiovascular health can be restored by inuencing postnatal risk factors before adulthood. There were no signicant differences in insulin, insulin resistance, hs-CRPor blood lipids between the marginally LBWchildren and controls.

INTRODUCTION: Children born preterm usually experience an initial growth restriction, suggested to be caused by the immature organs and an inadequate nutritional intake.After this initial growth faltering, healthy preterm born children, and especially those born after 32 gestational weeks, usually fall back to the reference growth curve, following that of term born babies. For children born SGA, 80 % will experience a relative catch-up growth within the rst 6 months of life. OBJECTIVE: Role of different risk proles for children being born preterm vs being born SGA and early iron supplementation affect later cardiovascular risk RESULT: In Placebo group, 4.6(0.5) patients had Fasting glucose (mmol/L), 2.9(2.3-3.5) patients had Fasting insulin(µU/mL), 0.59(0.4-0.7) patients had HOMA-IR, 4.5(0.7) patients had Cholesterol(mmol/L), 0.58(0.2) patients had Triglyceride(mmol/L), 2.8(0.6) patients had LDL(mmol/L), 1.5(0.3) patients had HDL(mmol/L), 0.63(0.4) patients had ApoB(g/L and 0.20(0.1-0.6) patients had hs-CRP(mg/L). In Iron supplements group, 4.4(0.5) patients had Fasting glucose(mmol/L), 2.7(2.0-3.8) patients had Fasting insulin(µU/mL), 0.54(0.4-0.8) patients had HOMA-IR, 4.3(0.8) patients had Cholesterol(mmol/L), 0.59(0.3) patients had Triglyceride(mmol/L), 2.8(0.6) patients had LDL(mmol/L), 1.5(0.4) patients had HDL(mmol/L), 0.61(0.3) patients had ApoB(g/Land 0.24(0.2-0.8) patients had hs-CRP(mg/L). CONCLUSION: This literature showing that there is progression of these risk factors as children enter early adolescence. Further longer longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for progression of cardio-metabolic risk factors from infancy to adolescence in SGAand LGAsubjects.

This research paper focuses on the impact of COVID-19 on Indian Stock Market and shares performance. In other words, the article analyses the market capitalization correlation between the performances of shares and the growth of the share market, using the stock market data of Pre and post COVID-19 status by comparing the data from Jan’20 to Jun’20. The variables have positive and statistically strong significance on the changes in the market’s performance and the value of its market capitalization.

Bearing bushes are plain bearings extensively used in pumps, heavy equipment and marine equipment. These bushes are usually made of Lead Tin Bronzes, Aluminium Bronzes etc. C63200, Nickel Aluminium Bronze is the bearing material employed for flash butt welding machine. As welding operation is performed at extremely high temperature and high pressure, bearing material is subjected to corrosion and wear, which results in significant reduction of durability of the bearing. This paper aims to enhance the mechanical characteristics, wear and corrosion resistance of the bearing material C63200 by performing deep cryogenic treatment at −196 °C in liquid nitrogen medium at different soaking time intervals. The material was tempered at 540 °C for 2 h. Change in microstructure of the specimen; post cryogenic treatment was investigated using SEM. It is observed that there is a notable improvement in mechanical properties and wear resistance of the specimen treated at longer soaking time intervals.

Osteoporosis, a bone-related disorder that causes bone loss and other medical complications. Osteoporosis diagnosis is a lengthy process and requires a number of procedures. This disease is found to be difficult to detect in remote areas due to lack of high-tech equipment. Vibroacoustic response of bones may recognize the quality of the bone. The signal (Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients) from the reflex hammer which is used in an artificial neural network provides more than 70% accuracy. To avoid the above-mentioned problems and to improve the process of identifying this disease and to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the identification process, we propose this method which helps to determine the chance of this disease in patients by analyzing a classifier using an artificial immune system that classifies the affected and the unaffected using the history of the patient The use of the artificial immune system is 94 per cent effective. The classifier we used therefore defines and predicts the probability of the disease occurring.

Inhibition of uptake of fatty acids in non-adipose tissues seems an attractive mechanism for treatment of lipotoxicity, dyslipidemia and other elements related to metabolic syndrome and obesity. Fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) are bifunctional proteins involved in the uptake and activation of fatty acids by esterication with coenzyme A. To date, only inhibitors specic to FATP1 and FATP4 have been identied. Here we characterize a FATP2-specic fatty acid uptake inhibitor, CB5. Identied in a high throughput screening in yeast transformed with humanFATP2, CB5 is effective in inhibiting the uptake of fatty acid at low micro-molar ranges in cell lines that are models for intestines, liver, muscle, pancreas and adipose tissue with varying potencies. Inhibition was also specic for long and very-long chain fatty acids and not for medium chain fatty acids, which are transported by diffusion. Finally, CB5 was effective in protecting the cell lines that are models for liver and pancreas and primary liver cells from lipotoxic effects of saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid. High throughput screening also identied clozapine and chlorpromazine, atypical antipsychotics drugs, as inhibitors of FATP2-mediated fatty acid uptake in yeast system. However, atypical antipsychotics were ineffective in inhibiting the uptake of FAanalog C1-BODIPY-C12 in HepG2 cells. They were also ineffective in protecting HepG2 cells from the lipotoxic effects generated by saturated fatty acid compared to CB5 that exhibited protection to the cells, demonstrating that they are not effective inhibitors of fatty acid transport compared with CB5.

The depletion of fossil fuels and increasing demand for energy are encountered by generating renewable biogas. Anaerobic digestion (AD) produces not only biogas, also other value-added products from the digestate using various organic, municipal and industrial wastes which have several benefits like remediating waste, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy generation and securing socio-economic status of bio-based industries. This review work critically analyzes the biorefinery approaches on AD process for the production of biogas and digestate, and their direct and indirect utilization. The left-out residue obtained from AD is called 'digestate' which enriched with organic matter, nitrogen, heavy metals and other valuable micronutrients. However, the direct disposal of digestate to the land as fertilizer/landfills creates various environmental issues. Keeping this view, the digestate should be upgraded or transformed into high valued products such as biofertilizer, pyrochar, biodiesel, syngas and soil conditioner that can aid to enrich the soil nutrients and ensures the safe environment as well. In this context, the present review focused to illustrate the current techniques and different strategic exploitations on AD proper management of digestate products for storage and further applications. Such a technology transfer provides a proven strategic mechanism towards the enhancement of the sustainability of bio-based industries, attaining the energy demand, safest waste management, protection of environment and reduces the socio-economic issues of the industrial sector.

Knowledge of gestational age of newborn babies may modify the details of their care. Though gestational age is usually calculated from the date of mother’s last menstrual period this date is not known with certainty in large majority of pregnancy. In others there may be misleading information especially when the menstrual cycle is irregular, when conception is shortly after a previous pregnancy or when the mother was taking oral contraceptives shortly before conception. Hence the need of multiple modalities to confirm the gestational age and the reliability of modalities is a major concern. Our study is undertaken to compare the correlation of gestation age assessment by three methods viz., gestational age assessment by last menstrual period dates, gestational age assessment by last trimester ultrasound and gestational assessment by post-natal assessment of modified Ballard score. This study is a prospective study conducted in a rural medical college hospital. Total of 150 term babies were enrolled in the study. Duration of the study was two years. The gestational age of the neonates was calculated by all 3 methods and the correlation was assessed. The study concluded that the modified Ballard score overestimates the gestational age and the third trimester ultrasound underestimates the gestational age.

Background: Neonatal seizure is the most common disorder in neonate and the etiology varies among neonates. Materials and Methods: In total of 100 neonates less than 28 days with seizures are take into consideration and compared. Results: Among the 100 neonates Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy was the most common cause followed by sepsis and metabolic causes. Subtle Seizures was the most common type followed by clonic and focal and myoclonic seizures. Discussion: The initial evaluation based on examination and etiology of seizures is important for pediatrician to assess for the treatment given. Conclusion: HIE is the most common cause of neonatal seizures. Subtle seizures are the most common type of neonatal seizures.

Biodiesel is an alternate renewable, biodegradable, non-toxic fuel similar to conventional fossil fuel. It is usually produced from vegetable oil, animal fat, tallow, non-edible plant oil and waste cooking oil. Biodiesel emits fewer air pollutants, greenhouse gases other than oxides of nitrogen and easier to treat when compared with fossil fuels. However, with all these environmental benefits, biodiesel could not be extensively used as a complete alternative fuel to conventional diesel. Accordingly in this study apart from the scope and need of biodiesel, an attempt has been made to address the number of parameters that influence the production process of biodiesel. Lipid/fat content, type and catalyst concentration, oil to alcohol ratio and other purification process has been discussed to reduce the unit operation involved in biodiesel production.

Marketing hinges on understanding and creating a customer. What consumer would buy it – is no easy task. This would be evident from the fact that though several marketing scholars have spent enormous time and effort on this subject and analysed it from different angles and under different premises, there is no unified, tested and universally established theory of buyer behaviour. What we have is only collection of ideas that have taken from economics, psychology and sociology. There are several factors contributing to the consumer behaviour, one among them is social factors which include Reference Groups, Family, Status /Prestige, Necessity, Luxury, ownership respectively. The present study examines the influence of Social factors on consumer buying behaviour towards small cars in Rayalaseema Region and Andhra Pradesh. Annova test and Multiple Comparisons used to test the hypotheses of this study. Findings of the research show that social factors affect buying behaviour. The findings indicate that social factors influence the consumer buying behaviour towards small cars. KEY WORDS: Consumer, behaviour, Social factors, Reference Groups, Family, Status, Prestige, Necessity, Luxury, ownership.

The Metal Matrix Composition (MMC) is one of the encouraging methods in most of the manufacturing industry. In this paper we planned to prepare the MMC using magnesium alloy and tungsten carbide. Due to the influence of simulation in every manufacturing activity, the simulation is conducted before manufacturing any component. In literature there are many techniques proposed for the simulation of various manufacturing process. But parameter optimization using suitable algorithm is a challenging task. Hence in this paper, a league championship optimization (LCO) technique proposed for the optimal parameter selection for the MMC preparation. In the proposed work, the Magnesium alloy and tungsten carbide are consider for preparing light weight and high strength MMC for automobile and aeronautical component manufacturing. Initially the LCO is executed to select the optimal parameter or ratio of two material is selected. Then FEM analysis is conducted to evaluate the strength and hardness of the modelled MMC. Then the outcome model is experimentally created and its micro hardness and strength is tested to analysis the actual result. Then the results of predicted and actual results are compared to validate the effectiveness of proposed optimization technique. Ultimately result analysis proves the closeness of the actual and predicted results.

In dissimilar materials the welded joints are apply to the Automotive and ship industries. The welded joints quality is better than the essential of suitable weld seam geometry. No previous technique produce the accurate prediction geometry of laser weld seam. The initial data generation Taguchi experiments are conducted on laser welding of two different materials. One is low carbon steel (Q235) and other is stainless steel (SUS301L-HT). The K-Nearest Neighbour predictor is modelled for the laser welding process. This method is providing the following function such as better prediction, accuracy and reduced computation time.

Introduction: In young children, it was reported that respiratory tract is the significant cause for infections as well as death. A study was conducted to find the bacteriological and radiological findings and correlation with clinical findings in children with pneumonia. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted in GSL Medical College. Study protocol was approved by institutional ethics committee. Informed consent was collected from the parents / guardians of all the study participants. Children in the aged 1 to 5 years with clinical signs suggestive of pneumonia were included. Clinical and radiological finding were recorded. Radiological findings also used to categorize bacterial and viral pneumonia. P Results: Total 94 participants were included, female male ratio was 58:36. In this report, 86% were bronchopneumonia, 12% lobar pneumonia and 2% empyema; bacterial pneumonia was diagnosed in 44% cases, viral pneumonia in 52% and 4.3% were diagnosed to be normal. Tachypnoea (95.74%), chest retractions (100%), crepitations and ronchi (100%), abnormal breath sounds (100%) correlated well with positive radiological findings. Crepitations alone and ronchi alone has least correlation. Conclusion: Pneumonia is one of the major causes of lung infection of children. The radiological findings are very essential for diagnosis of pneumonia Keywords: Infection, Pneumonia, Respiratory.