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Introduction: Infection of arteriovenous fistula (AV) used for hemodialysis (HD) is associated with massive bleeding, sepsis development, formation of metastatic infectious foci, and a high risk of AV loss. Urgent management of an infected AV is crucial for successful treatment and AV salvage., Case Reports: We present the use of partial resection as a successful method of dealing with late AV infection in two cases. In case 1, the resection was performed due to an infection of the native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) with two defects above the drainage vein aneurysms. In case 2, partial resection and replacement of the prosthetic arteriovenous fistula (AVG) were done due to an infection of HD puncture site. The AVs remained patent in both cases, with no further signs of infection postoperatively and, most importantly, without the need to use a temporary HD catheter., Conclusion: The establishment of a new AV is limited by the quality of the venous and arterial systems. All surgical, interventional and non-surgical means should be used to safely maintain the created AV patent. Provided that the requirements of an early indication are met, partial resection of the AV is the method of choice for AV infections and allows us to avoid using a permanent dialysis catheter in our patients.

The authors present their contribution to the improvement of methods suitable for the detection of the freezing and thawing damage of cells of cryopreserved venous grafts used for lower limb revascularization procedures. They studied the post-thaw viability of cells of the wall of cryopreserved venous grafts (CVG) immediately after thawing and after 24 and 48 h culture at +37 °C in two groups of six CVG selected randomly for slow thawing in the refrigerator and rapid thawing in a water bath at +37 °C. The grafts were collected from multi-organ and tissue brain-dead donors, cryopreserved, and stored in a liquid nitrogen vapor phase for five years. The viability was assessed from tissue slices obtained by perpendicular and longitudinal cuts of the thawed graft samples using in situ staining with fluorescence vital dyes. The mean and median immediate post-thaw viability values above 70% were found in using both thawing protocols and both types of cutting. The statistically significant decline in viability after the 48-h culture was observed only when using the slow thawing protocol and perpendicular cutting. The possible explanation might be the "solution effect damage" during slow thawing, which caused a gentle reduction in the graft cellularity. The possible influence of this phenomenon on the immunogenicity of CVG should be the subject of further investigations.