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La deglutition infantile engendre une hyperactivite de la sangle labio-mentonniere, source d'anomalies gingivo-dentaires cliniques et radiologiques dans le secteur incisif inferieur.Pour tenter de pallier les consequences de ces dysfonctionnements, nous pratiquons depuis 7 ans une desinsertion musculaire pre-radiculaire incisive inferieure dans le cadre de nos traitements d'O.D.F.Sur une serie de 30 cas, nous avons etudie les apports de cette intervention.Sur le plan des resultats, nous constatons dans 100 % des cas un gain de hauteur de gencive attachee moyen de 3 a 4 mm. Une apposition osseuse, radiologiquement decelable, est observable au niveau du point B dans 60 % des cas.Chirurgie d'appoint, lorsqu 'elle nous semble justifiee, elle permet une finition de nos traitements d'O.D.F. dans un environnement parodontal non fragilise au niveau du secteur incisif inferieur.

PHOTONS is the french component of the AERONET sun-photometer network which provides globally distributed near-real-time observations of aerosol spectral optical depth and sky radiance as well as derived parameters such as particle size distributions, single-scattering albedo and complex refractive index. Now more than 12 years of worldwide distributed data from the network of ground-based radiometers are available. These data are best suited to reliably and continuously derive the detailed aerosol optical properties in key locations. Mid 2007, about 40 sites mainly located in France, Europe, Africa as well as in Asia are managed by PHOTONS. Since 2001, the network also contributes to passive/active sensors synergies. Several sites in France, western as well as eastern Europe, sometimes in connection with EARLINET, are equipped with both lidar system and sun-photometer dedicated to aerosol and cloud observations. These synergies will be enhanced in the future mainly within the context of A-Train experience. In this paper, we provide a general description of PHOTONS network activities and facilities, and present recent results both on instrumental side (development on new sun-photometer, vicarious calibration methods), on scientific side (A-Train mission validation like aerosol retrieval algorithms of PARASOL) and aerosols retrieval from ground-based measurements method.

In order to improve the genetic management of bird species within the European Endangered Programs (EEP), a research project on artificial insemination and cryopreservation of Galliformes semen has been developed. The aim of the program is to create a sperm cryobank for threatened bird species. During this study, semen was collected from 17 pheasant species and specific characteristics of ejaculates were analyzed (volume, sperm concentration, motility, pH). Artificial insemination with fresh semen was performed in nine species and with frozen semen in eight species. Inseminations with frozen and thawed semen were made in 17 species. Viability of fresh and frozen semen was assessed in vitro using double stains, eosin and nigrosin. The effect of pH (7–8.5) on viability of fresh and frozen/thawed spermatozoa was also studied. Chicks hatched in eight and three species after insemination with fresh and frozen/thawed semen, respectively. Species varied widely in semen viability: 1–30% of spermatozoa survived freezing and thawing. There was a negative correlation between the viability of frozen spermatozoa and semen pH. In our experimental conditions, the pH of diluents had no effect on semen viability. However, semen with the highest pH had the lowest quality after freezing and thawing. These experiments demonstrated the feasibility of using a very simple and inexpensive method to achieve artificial insemination and cryopreservation of semen in endangered pheasant species.