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To evaluate the use of ultrasound (US) during catheter placement in interstitial brachytherapy (iBT) of abdominal malignancies as an alternative to computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy.Catheter placement for CT-guided iBT was, if US visibility was sufficient, assisted by sonography in 52 consecutive patients with 82 lesions (liver N = 62; kidney N = 16; peritoneum N = 4) of various malignancies. We collected data on lesion visibility, location, depth, size, and dosimetry. Comparison of CT fluoroscopy versus US-assisted catheter placement was performed by Fisher's exact test for frequencies and U-test for lesion visibility and dosimetric data. Factors predicting the utility of sonography were determined in a lesion-based multivariate regression analysis. A p-value 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.150 catheters (1 to 6 per lesion; mean diameter 3.6 ± 2.4 cm) were implanted. CT fluoroscopy was used for 44 catheters, and US was used for 106 catheters. Lesion visibility assessed by 5-point Likert scale was significantly better in US (median 2 vs. 3; p = 0.011) and effective dose was significantly reduced if US guidance was applicable (median 1.75 vs. 8.19 mSv; p = 0.014). In a multivariate regression analysis, we identified increased lesion size and caudal location within the target organ to independently predict the utility of ultrasound in catheter placement for iBT.Sonography is a helpful technique to assist CT-guided interstitial brachytherapy of upper abdominal malignancies. Especially for larger lesions localized in the lower liver segments or lower half of the kidney, superior visibility can be expected. As the effective dose of the patient is also reduced, radiation exposure of the medical staff may be indirectly lowered.· Ultrasound-assisted catheter placement in CT-guided brachytherapy of upper abdominal malignancies significantly improves lesion visibility.. · Predictors of successful ultrasound application are larger lesions within the lower portion of the liver and kidney.. · By reducing the need for CT fluoroscopy during intervention, radiation exposure to the medical staff may be indirectly lowered..· Damm R, Damm R, Heinze C et al. Radioablation of Upper Abdominal Malignancies by CT-Guided, Interstitial HDR Brachytherapy: A Multivariate Analysis of Catheter Placement Assisted by Ultrasound Imaging. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2022; 194: 62 - 69.ZIEL: Evaluierung der Ultraschallbildgebung (US) zur Katheterplatzierung bei der interstitiellen Brachytherapie (iBT) abdomineller Malignome als Alternative zur computertomografischen (CT) Fluoroskopie. Die Katheteranlage zur iBT erfolgte nach Möglichkeit mittels Sonografie bei 52 konsekutiven Patienten mit 82 abdominellen Tumoren (Leber n = 62, Niere n = 16, Peritoneum n = 4) unterschiedlicher Entitäten. Es wurden Läsionssichtbarkeit, Lokalisation, Tiefe und Größe sowie Dosimetrie erfasst. Der Vergleich zwischen CT- und ultraschallassistierter Katheteranlage erfolgte mittels Fisher’s exaktem Test für Häufigkeiten und U-Test für Sichtbarkeit und Dosimetrie. Faktoren für die Anwendung der Sonografie wurden in einer multivariaten Regression bestimmt. p 0,05 wurde als signifikant betrachtet. 150 Katheter (1–6 pro Läsion, mittlerer Diameter 3,6 ± 2,4 cm) wurden eingebracht, CT-Fluoroskopie wurde bei 44 Kathetern und Ultraschall bei 106 Kathetern angewendet. Die Sichtbarkeit war anhand einer 5-Punkte-Likert-Skala signifikant besser (median 2 vs. 3; p = 0,011) und die effektive Dosis wurde signifikant reduziert, wenn Ultraschallführung anwendbar war (median 1,75 vs. 8,9mSv; p = 0,014). In der multivariaten Regressionsanalyse konnten ein größerer Läsionsdiameter sowie eine kaudale Lokalisation im Zielorgan als Faktoren zur Vorhersage der Ultraschallanwendung bei der iBT identifiziert werden. Die Sonografie ist eine nützliche Bildgebungsmodalität bei der Katheteranlage zur CT-gesteuerten Brachytherapie abdomineller Malignome. Bei größeren Läsionen in den kaudalen Lebersegmenten oder der unteren Nierenhälfte können eine bessere Läsionssichtbarkeit und reduzierte Dosis erwartet werden. · Die ultraschallgestützte Katheterplatzierung bei der CT-geführten Brachytherapie abdomineller Malignome erhöht signifikant die Läsionssichtbarkeit.. · Prädiktoren einer erfolgreichen Ultraschallanwendung sind größere Läsionen in den unteren Segmenten der Leber und Nieren.. · Durch die Reduzierung der CT-Fluoroskopie kann die Strahlenexposition des medizinischen Personals indirekt gesenkt werden..

In this pilot trial, we investigate the safety of CT-guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) as a local ablative treatment for renal masses not eligible for resection or nephrectomy. We investigated renal function after irradiation by HDR-BT in 16 patients (11 male, 5 female, mean age 76 years) with 20 renal lesions (renal cell carcinoma n = 18; renal metastases n = 2). Two patients had previous contralateral nephrectomy and two had ipsilateral partial nephrectomy. Six lesions had a hilar localization with proximity to the renal pelvis and would have not been favorable for thermal ablation. Renal function loss was determined within 1 year after HDR-BT by renal scintigraphy and laboratory parameters. Further investigations included CT and MRI every 3 months to observe procedural safety and local tumor control. Renal function tests were analyzed by Wilcoxon’s signed rank test with Bonferroni–Holm correction of p-values. Survival and local tumor control underwent a Kaplan–Meier estimation. Median follow-up was 22.5 months. One patient required permanent hemodialysis 32 months after repeated HDR-BT and contralateral radiofrequency ablation of multifocal renal cell carcinoma. No other patient developed a significant worsening in global renal function and no gastrointestinal or urogenital side effects were observed. Only one patient died of renal tumor progression. Local control rate was 95% including repeated HDR-BT of two recurrences. HDR-BT is a feasible and safe technique for the local ablation of renal masses. A phase II study is recruiting to evaluate the efficacy of this novel local ablative treatment in a larger study population.

Religious capital always has crucial role in Indonesian politics. This paper aims to analyze the formation and transformation of religious capital in New Order era that has been heavily influenced by the dynamics of relationship between the state and religious groups, especially Islam, over time. As a case study, this paper will discuss Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). By analyzing the development of NU during the course of the New Order, it shows that the transformation can be divided in two phases. The first phase is the systematic weakening of Islamic movement since the late 1960s until the midst of 1980s. It is conducted by manipulation such as demonization of Islamic groups in 1960s, as well as by several policies and regulations such as simplification of political party system in 1973 and the enforcement of Pacasila as the sole principle for socio-political life in 1985. The second phase characterized by de-politicization of Islamic organizations since the midst of 1980s and at the same time, by capitalization of religious symbols and identity by individual politicians in political practices during 1990s.

To evaluate the safety and feasibility of sonographically-assisted catheter placement in interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy of abdominal malignancies. In an initial cohort of 12 patients and 16 abdominal tumors (colorectal liver metastases n = 9; renal cell cancer n = 3; hepatocellular carcinoma n = 2; cholangiocellular carcinoma n = 2), initial puncture and catheter placement for CT-guided brachytherapy were performed under sonographic assistance when possible. The interventional procedure was prospectively recorded and in-patient data were collected. All data underwent descriptive statistics and comparative analysis by the Mann-Whitney test. In 12 out of 16 lesions (diameter 1.5 - 12.9 cm), initial puncture was successfully achieved under ultrasound guidance without utilization of CT fluoroscopy, yielding a significantly shorter mean total fluoroscopy time (14.5 vs. 105.5 s; p = 0.006). In 8 lesions visibility was rated better in ultrasound than in CT fluoroscopy (p = 0.2). No major or minor complications occurred within 30 days after treatment. Ultrasound-assisted catheter placement during interstitial CT-guided brachytherapy of abdominal tumors could improve catheter positioning and reduce radiation exposure for medical staff. Ultrasound-assisted catheter placement in CT-guided brachytherapy is safe and feasible. Ultrasound puncture may improve catheter positioning. Reduced CT fluoroscopy time can significantly help to minimize radiation exposure for medical staff.· Damm R, El-Sanosy S, Omari J et al. Ultrasound-assisted catheter placement in CT-guided HDR brachytherapy for the local ablation of abdominal malignancies: Initial experience. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2019; 191: 48 - 53.ZIEL: Evaluierung der Sicherheit und Machbarkeit der sonografisch assistierten Katheter-Anlage bei der interstitiellen High-dose-rate-Brachytherapie abdomineller Malignome.In einer ersten Kohorte von 12 Patienten mit 16 abdominellen Tumoren (kolorektale Lebermetastasen n = 9; Nierenzellkarzinom n = 3; hepatozelluläres Karzinom n = 2; cholangiozelluläres Karzinom n = 2) erfolgte die initiale Punktion und Katheter-Anlage bei der CT-gestützten Brachytherapie soweit möglich unter sonografischer Führung. Die Durchführung des Eingriffs wurde prospektiv erfasst und der klinische Verlauf der Patienten dokumentiert. Die erhobenen Daten wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet und mit dem Mann-Whitney-U-Test analysiert. Bei 12 von 16 Läsionen (Diameter 1,5 – 12,9 cm) konnte die initiale Punktion zur Katheter-Platzierung sonografisch erfolgreich ohne Zuhilfenahme der CT-Fluoroskopie vorgenommen werden, wodurch sich die mittlere Fluoroskopiezeit des gesamten Eingriffs signifikant verkürzen ließ (14,5 vs. 105,5 ; p = 0,006). Bei 8 Läsionen wurde die Sichtbarkeit im Ultraschall insgesamt besser bewertet als in der CT-Fluoroskopie (p = 0,2). Es traten keine Minor- oder Majorkomplikationen innerhalb von 30 Tagen auf. Die ultraschallassistierte Katheter-Anlage könnte bei der interstitiellen, CT-gestützten Brachytherapie abdomineller Tumore sowohl zur verbesserten Katheter-Positionierung als auch zur Reduzierung der Strahlenexposition des medizinischen Personals beitragen. Die ultraschallassistierte Katheter-Anlage bei der CT-geführten Brachytherapie abdomineller Tumore ist technisch machbar und sicher. Die Ultraschallpunktion könnte die Katheter-Positionierung verbessern. Eine signifikante Reduktion der Fluoroskopiezeit kann bei der Reduktion der Strahlenexposition des medizinischen Personals helfen.· Damm R, El-Sanosy S, Omari J et al. Ultrasound-assisted catheter placement in CT-guided HDR brachytherapy for the local ablation of abdominal malignancies: Initial experience. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2019; 191: 48 – 53.

Seit Jahren steigt die Inzidenz von Nierenzellkarzinomen. Gleichzeitig steigt die Pravalenz einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz mit konsekutiv erhohter Morbiditat sowie kurzerer Lebenserwartung bei den Betroffenen. In der letzten Dekade verschob sich der Goldstandard von der Nephrektomie hin zur Nierenteilresektion bzw. -tumorenukleation. Fur ausgewahlte Patienten mit hoher Morbiditat, hohem Narkose- oder Operationsrisiko kann eine Behandlungsalternative von Vorteil sein. Die aktive Uberwachung stellt einen kontrolliert-verzogerten kurativ intendierten Behandlungsbeginn dar. Die perkutane Radiofrequenzablation und die laparoskopische Kryoablation sind die derzeit gangigsten Therapiealternativen. Jungere Ablationsverfahren, wie hochintensiver fokussierter Ultraschall, irreversible Elektroporation, Mikrowellenablation, stereotaktische ablative Radiotherapie und Hochdosisbrachytherapie, weisen ein hohes Potenzial auf, gelten derzeit jedoch fur die Therapie als experimentell.

Introduction/Background Acute bleeding in patients with gynecological cancer may result in serious life-threatening complications. In these situations, immediate diagnostic and appropriate treatment is a challenge for attending physicians. Accordingly, transarterial embolisation (TAE) has been described as an increasing and effective treatment alternative to surgery and radiotherapy. Methodology In the present retrospective study 25 patients were included who underwent a TAE in the period from January 2006 to June 2013 due to acute gynecological cancer bleeding. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency and outcome of TAE. Results Cervical cancer was the most common cause of gynecological bleeding (19/25, 76.0%). The primary technical success rate was 92.0% (n=23). 21 patients were analysed in the 30-day follow-up. The clinical success rate was achieved in 90.5% (n=19). A clinical failure due to rebleeding was observed in 9.5% (n=2). No associations were revealed between rebleeding and technical/clinical factors. Within 30 days after the last TAE the complication and mortality rates were 0.0% and 5.0% (n=1), respectively. Conclusion TAE was found as an effective and safe treatment in the clinical setting of acute gynecological cancer bleeding. An important component of efficient management is an early and interdisciplinary care. Optimal treatment can only be achieved by close cooperation between gynecologists, radiotherapists and interventional radiologists. Further randomised trials are needed to obtain more evidence, especially in predictive factors. Disclosure Nothing to disclose.

The incidence of renal cell carcinoma has been rising for years. At the same time there is an increasing prevalence of chronic renal failure with subsequent higher morbidity and shorter life expectancy in those affected. In the last decades the gold standard has thus shifted from radical to partial nephrectomy or tumor enucleation. A treatment alternative can be advantageous for selected patients with high morbidity and an increased risk of complications in anesthesia or surgery. Active surveillance represents a controlled delay in the initiation of treatment with a curative intention. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and laparoscopic cryoablation are currently the most commonly used treatment alternatives. Newer ablation procedures, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound, irreversible electroporation, microwave ablation, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy and high-dose brachytherapy have a high potential in some cases but are still considered experimental for the treatment.

Recurrent mutations within EGR2 were recently reported in advanced-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients and associated with a worse outcome. To study their prognostic impact, 2403 CLL patients were examined for mutations in the EGR2 hotspot region including a screening (n=1283) and two validation cohorts (UK CLL4 trial patients, n=366; CLL Research Consortium (CRC) patients, n=490). Targeted deep-sequencing of 27 known/postulated CLL driver genes was also performed in 38 EGR2-mutated patients to assess concurrent mutations. EGR2 mutations were detected in 91/2403 (3.8%) investigated cases, and associated with younger age at diagnosis, advanced clinical stage, high CD38 expression and unmutated IGHV genes. EGR2-mutated patients frequently carried ATM lesions (42%), TP53 aberrations (18%) and NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutations (16%). EGR2 mutations independently predicted shorter time-to-first-treatment (TTFT) and overall survival (OS) in the screening cohort; they were confirmed associated with reduced TTFT and OS in the CRC cohort and independently predicted short OS from randomization in the UK CLL4 cohort. A particularly dismal outcome was observed among EGR2-mutated patients who also carried TP53 aberrations. In summary, EGR2 mutations were independently associated with an unfavorable prognosis, comparable to CLL patients carrying TP53 aberrations, suggesting that EGR2-mutated patients represent a new patient subgroup with very poor outcome. © 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) was designed and constructed by a collaboration of six U.S. Department of Energy national laboratories. The SNS accelerator system consists of a 1 GeV linear accelerator and an accumulator ring providing 1.4 MW of proton beam power in microsecond-long beam pulses to a liquid mercury target for neutron production. The accelerator complex consists of a front-end negative hydrogen-ion injector system, an 87 MeV drift tube linear accelerator, a 186 MeV side-coupled linear accelerator, a 1 GeV superconducting linear accelerator, a 248-m circumference accumulator ring and associated beam transport lines. The accelerator complex is supported by ~100 high-power RF power systems, a 2 K cryogenic plant, ~400 DC and pulsed power supply systems, ~400 beam diagnostic devices and a distributed control system handling ~100,000 I/O signals. The beam dynamics design of the SNS accelerator is presented, as is the engineering design of the major accelerator subsystems.

Mikrotherapeutische Verfahren in der interventionellen Radiologie stellen bei Inoperabilitat (technische Inoperabilitat, funktionelle Inoperabilitat, Komorbiditaten, Wunsch des Patienten) neben der Chemotherapie eine Moglichkeit zur lokalen Kontrolle von Lebermetastasen dar. Einen Schwerpunkt stellen lokale Verfahren wie die Radiofrequenzablation oder die interstitielle Brachytherapie dar, bei denen unter Bildfuhrung durch Ultraschall sowie CT- oder offene MRT-Systeme eine thermische bzw. radiogene Ablation der Malignome durchgefuhrt wird. Diese erweisen sich als sehr effektiv, sind dabei aber auf einen oligonodularen Befall limitiert. Zur Behandlung einer disseminierten Metastasierung haben sich lokoregionare Techniken wie die Yttrium-90-Radioembolisation etabliert. Hier wird unter angiografischer Kontrolle der Wirkstoff in Form von radioaktiv markierten Mikrospharen uber einen arteriellen Zugang appliziert. Dieser Artikel fokussiert sich auf Metastasen des kolorektalen Karzinoms als haufigste Tumorentitat zur interventionell-radiologischen Therapie.

Ulceration is common in bladder tumors, but its prognostic role, although intuitive, is not established. We aim to explore the presence of gross ulceration and its relationship with other morphological and biological features classically associated with extravesical disease, in patients submitted to radical cystectomy.Tumor size and morphology were noted on 101 cystectomy patients (2000-2010). Papillary, exophytic, and vegetant tumors were grouped as "papillary" and solid/nodular, ulcerated and infiltrative as "nonpapillary." Ulceration was noted grossly in every case as a binary parameter, regardless of morphology. Immunohistochemistry was performed for hypoxia (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor), and cell cycle proteins (pRb, p53, and cyclin D1).Mean age was 66.7 year, male:female ratio was 2:1, 20 patients received bacillus Calmette-Guerin and 10 neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Upstaging rate was 56.4%. Ulcerated lesions presented mostly as nonpapillary and nonorgan confined (nOC), whereas nonulcerated tumors were often papillary and organ confined (OC). Tumor size was smaller in nonpapillary tumors (P = 0.002), but did not associate with altered hypoxia or cell cycle expressions. pRb and cyclin D1 loss and p53 overexpression were more frequent in ulcerated and non-OC tumors as did the phenotype vascular endothelial growth factor-negative/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-low (P0.001). On a multivariate model, ulceration was an independent predictor of non-OC and extravesical disease.Patients with ulcerated tumors were often staged with extravesical disease, independent of other morphologic and biological features known to affect prognosis. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the predictive value of tumor ulceration at cystoscopy, which could improve patient stratification for neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

We recently reported a truncating deletion in the NFKBIE gene, which encodes IκB, a negative feedback regulator of NF-κB, in clinically aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Because preliminary data indicate enrichment of NFKBIE aberrations in other lymphoid malignancies, we screened a large patient cohort (n 5 1460) diagnosed with different lymphoid neoplasms. While NFKBIE deletions were infrequent in follicular lymphoma, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (

Microtherapeutic procedures performed by interventional radiologists pose a viable alternative or additive to systemic chemotherapy for local tumour control in cases of non-operable (for technical, functional, and comorbidity reasons or at the patient's wish) liver metastases. A main focus includes local therapies such as radiofrequency ablation and interstitial brachytherapy which are performed under ultrasound, CT or MRI guidance to achieve a thermal or radiogenic ablation of the malignancy. Although highly effective, these procedures are limited to oligonodular manifestations. For disseminated metastases, locoregional techniques like the yttrium-90 radioembolisation have become established. Here, the active principle in the form of radioactively labelled microspheres is introduced into the liver through an arterial catheter under angiographic guidance. The present article focuses on metastases of colorectal cancer as the most frequent tumour entity encountered in interventional radiotherapy.

Aim: This study analysed the status of DNA methylation in the promoter region of the IL8 gene in oral mucosa cells from healthy, smoker and non-smoker subjects with chronic periodontitis and compared these findings among groups with mRNA levels. Material and Methods: Genomic DNA from epithelial oral cells of 41 healthy subjects, 30 smokers with chronic periodontitis and 40 non-smokers with chronic periodontitis were purified and modified by sodium bisulphite. Genomic DNA from blood leucocytes and gingival cells from biopsies of 13 subjects of each group were also purified and modified by sodium bisulphite. Modified DNA was submitted by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (MSP), electrophoresed on 10% polyacrylamide gels and stained with SYBR Gold. Total RNA from gingival cells was also isolated using the TRIzol reagent, and real-time PCR performance was used to detect the levels of interleukin-8 mRNA. Results: Our results indicate that individuals with chronic periodontitis, independent of smoking habit, have a higher percentage of hipomethylation of the IL8 gene than those controls in epithelial oral cells (p

The Band II RF system was originally built to support the Booster operations during the acceleration of heavy ions. Designed to sweep from 0.6 to 2.5 MHz, it was build and successfully tested over a much broader range reaching 4 MHz. Voltages up to more than 20 kV were reached over the design frequency range. The system consists of two stations, each of which is made of one single gap cavity directly driven by a grounded cathode push pull power amplifier. The low Q high permeability ferrites needed in the coaxial cavity in order to reach the lower end of the band make tuning extremely easy. Both systems were thoroughly tested both at single frequencies and on a sweep and are now installed in the ring,ready for operations. Static measurements showed no high-loss effects. The results of the "bench" tests that lead to important performance improvements are given. >

The AGS (Alternating Gradient Synchrotron) booster synchrotron has been designed to accelerate protons from 200 MeV to 1.5 GeV and heavy ions from several MeV per nucleon to several hundred MeV per nucleon for all the nuclei up to gold. The design requirements and measurement results of major accelerator components and systems are presneted. The early commissioning results of the injection are also presented. >

After the life test of the two 8-cm (diameter) aperture one-meter long magnets (ISA I and II) had been satisfactorily concluded, the next logical step is the construction of a full-scale (12-cm aperture 4.25-meter long) dipole. The 12-cm magnet is essentially a larger version of ISA I and II with the exceptions of conductor and structural material refinements that have evolved in the 5 and 8-cm aperture model magnet series and comparable programs in other laboratories. The magnet windings will have a 23% higher packing density than ISA I and II. The rate of magnetic field sweep at which the magnetization of the magnet doubles, is an order of magnitude faster, due to improved conductor geometry. The peak magnetic field is approximately 5% greater than the central field 'B(0,0)' in the new design which has 85% usable aperture (? 67% actually required). The design field 'B(0,0)' is 4.0 T at 4.5 °K. The coil parameters are ID = 12.05 cm, OD = 15.538 cm, length = 427 cm and 80 turns/pole. The magnet is presently under construction and only prototype data and computed characteristics are presently available.

A beam line to the Multi-Particle Spectrometer capable of handling 30 GeV/c secondary beams will consist of four large identical superconducting dipoles and a number of room temperature quadrupoles. The total bending angle is 20°, 5° per magnet, and the room temperature aperture required in the dipoles is 20 cm. The four dipoles will be of the cos ? type and will have an overall length of 2.5 m and nominal maximum field of 4.0 T at 2800 A. The conductor will be a thin, wide metal-impregnated braid. The circular aperture is surrounded by coils which are a six-block approximation to a single-layer cos ? current sheet, and a coaxial cylinder of laminated iron at helium temperature. Each magnet will weigh about 10 tons. The design of the dewar including its heat load is discussed. The system is planned to be operational in Fall 1975.

The technique of atomic resonance absorption spectrophotometry (ARAS) was used to study the generation of H atoms during the thermal decomposition of C 2 H 4 . Highly diluted mixtures with relative concentrations between 20 and 800 ppm of C 2 H 4 in Ar were used. The experiments were performed behind reflected shock waves at temperatures between 1700 and 2200°K and densities between 6·10 18 to 1.6·10 19 particles/cm 3 . For reaction (1) C 2 H 4 + M →C 2 H 3 +H+ M we obtained the rate coefficient expression: k 1 =(3.8±1.3)·10 17 exp(− E 1 / R·T ) cm 3 /mol·sec E I / R =49 400±900°K Together with previous measurements for reaction (1a) C 2 H 4 + M →C 2 H 2 +H 2 + M which gave k 1a =(2.6±0.5)·10 17 ·exp(− E 1a / R·T ) cm 3 /mol·sec E 1a / R =39 900±500°K it became apparent that C 2 H 4 decays simultaneously via two reaction channels under the chosen conditions. In addition it was possible to derive approximate rate coefficients for reaction (3) H+C 2 H 4 →C 2 H 3 +H 2 k 3 ≅1.5·10 13 cm 3 /mol·sec; T =2000°K k 3 ≅5·10 12 cm 3 /mol·sec, T =1700°K

Data are presented to establish the operating characteristics of the proposed ISABELLE Ring Magnets. The harmonic content of both the straight section and ends of the magnets was measured as a function of magnetic field with the correction coils energized or disconnected. The magnets are single layer \cos N\theta turns distribution superconducting saddle coils with 'cold' iron shields. The data presented also include quench performance of magnets vs the critical current performance of the wire strands; the rate effect on the harmonic content of the field; the magnetization loss of the magnets; magnetic length; magnetic field vs current/turn; and magnetic field external to the iron shield. The maximum performances of the dipoles and quadrupoles are 4.9 T and 4.6 T (bore field 2-D) with a design requirement of 3.93 T and 3.28 T respectively. Magnets of both types have exceeded the design field on the first quench. The field characteristics are well within the present design requirements for ISABELLE.

The development program for the superconducting magnets of the Intersecting Storage Accelerators is described. The dipole magnet design is of the cos ? type and employs wide ribbon conductor. Magnetic measurements are compared with calculations which include the effects of conductor magnetization and iron saturation. Calculations of the harmonics due to the magnet ends will also be presented along with estimates of the effect of the shape of the outer boundary of the iron shield on the field and the degree of interaction between the magnets in the two rings. The conductor is a metal-filled braid woven from 186 wires each containing 400 filaments. A precision molding technique has been developed which assures accurate placement of the turns and could be used for semi-mass production. The iron cores are laminated and assembled in a special way to eliminate the axial differential expansion between the coil and the core. Correction coils for the 3? and 5? terms are built into the bore tubes. These coils are necessary to correct the small (10-3) harmonics produced by conductor magnetization at low field and iron saturation at high fields.

A device is described with which one can measure total and partial horizontal or vertical emittances in shorter than 40 ?s.

Four large aperture superconducting bending magnets are being built for use in the experimental beams at the AGS. Each of these magnets is 2.5 m long and has a room temperature aperture of 20 cm. The magnets are similar in design to the dipoles being developed for ISABELLE and employ a low temperature iron core. Results are presented on the "training" behavior of the magnets and a comparison will be made with the smaller aperture versions of this design. The magnet field measurements include end fields and leakage fields as well as the harmonic components of the straight section of the magnet.

The apparent resurgence of scabies around the world has aroused considerable concern, yet little is actually known of forces contributing to the periodic scabies pandemics. Increased scabies prevalence has been variously blamed upon poverty, poor hygiene, and crowding, upon travel or the mobilization associated with war, upon sexual promiscuity, and upon a general decline in herd immunity. Critical evaluation of secular trends has been difficult, however, because of the dearth of studies in which the cases occurring in large populations were systematically recorded. This report describes the incidence of scabies in a relatively well-defined population traveling and living in different parts of the world, yet covered by a single medical treatment and reporting system. A number of the hypotheses concerning cyclical increases in scabies are evaluated in light of available information concerning this population, including data on the incidence of gonorrhea and pediculosis.