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What is peatland? There is no single formal definition of peat and peatland, with different interest groups often using their own terms. In short, the distilled definition of peatland is organic matter from the plant detritus accumulated in anaerobic conditions. Based on the aforementioned cases, sustainable farming in peatland is possible under certain circumstances such as compatible landscapes and advanced water systems. The practice needs essential components including providing human resources, hefty investment, and technological development. Technology development and continuous improvement are needed to enhance the long term benefits for the community and nature. It requires years of research and practice to sustainably utilize the land with a stable productivity rate.

Lahan suboptimal seringkali tidak dimanfaatkan untuk pertanian karena membutuhkan biaya tinggi untuk persiapan lahan dan pemeliharaan yang lebih rumit. Namun, seiring menyusutnya area pertanian akibat konversi lahan, pemanfaatan lahan suboptimal tidak dapat dihindari untuk mencukupi kebutuhan pangan kita.

The COVID-19 pandemic not only threatens the health sector but also impedes people’s access to food. This brief article examines the current outbreak situation in ASEAN Member States (AMS) as well as the imposed mobility restrictions which led to surging unemployment and worsening food security. This paper also explored actions taken by ASEAN and the recommended measures to bolster the effectiveness of its regional strategic plan implementation.

Coastal suboptimal covers around 7.5 million hectares of Indonesia lands. It delivers a significant contribution both on aquaculture and agriculture. Climate change affected farming activities in nearly every part of the globe. The harvest yield might drop around 10-50% by 2030, including in coastal farms. Multiple Climate Smart Agriculture adaptation strategies such as Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture, Coastal Field School, and silvofisheries can be options to be further developed and embedded in the government climate action agenda.

Drylands are home to over 40% of the human population in Africa and Asia, and to between 25���30% of the rest of the world���s population that equals to around two billion people (Reynolds et al. 2007). They rely directly on dryland ecosystem services for daily survival, whether through rain-fed or irrigated farming, or through widespread pastoralism. Globally, there are 6.1 billion hectares of drylands which generally consist of barren land (28%), grasslands (25%), forest (18%), croplands (14%), and other wooded land (10%). Not only important to human livelihood, they are also essential for the global ecosystem since a quarter of the world���s forests are located in drylands (FAO, 2019).

What is peatland? There is no single formal definition of peat and peatland, with different interest groups often using their own terms. In short, the distilled definition of peatland is organic matter from the plant detritus accumulated in anaerobic conditions. Based on the aforementioned cases, sustainable farming in peatland is possible under certain circumstances such as compatible landscapes and advanced water systems. The practice needs essential components including providing human resources, hefty investment, and technological development. Technology development and continuous improvement are needed to enhance the long term benefits for the community and nature. It requires years of research and practice to sustainably utilize the land with a stable productivity rate.

Suboptimal land agriculture is often seen undesirable as it requires more complicated land preparation, high maintenance, which result in higher cost. Nevertheless, utilization of this land is inevitable as arable landcontinues to shrink over the years due to conversion to non-agricultural purposes. It should always be noted that farming in suboptimal land should be intended for optimum yields, instead of the maximum. There is growing evidence that the key to sustaining suboptimal land agriculture primarily lies on how we manage the water system properly. Multiple cases including lowland swamp farming in Palembang, dryland agriculture in Aceh, and desert farming in UAE are indicating progress in sustainable use of suboptimal land.

The economic slowdown due to Covid-19 hits hard in many countries. In Indonesia, the economic growth rate for the first quarter of 2020 is only 2.97%. Simulations estimated the number of unemployed people would rise between 3.5 to 8.5 million, depends on the rate of economic growth. Yet the news often mentioned that these social aids had not reached its targets even in the city's neighborhood. The situation is more uncertain for the rural area. Limited information is available about the pandemic situation in Indonesian rural life. The general assumption prevails that rural life dynamic is different from the urban that results in a lower infection rate. Naturally, the government focuses on the pandemic response in cities. However, in reality, the taken measures also affect rural livelihood, especially farmers who have a very vital role in addressing the challenge that we face now: preventing food crisis.

For months, the global food supply chains are being disrupted due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The situation has occurred since the lockdown regulation to contain the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been put in place. It limits people and goods mobility across regions or countries. Disruption on distribution hindered food producers to distribute the harvest to consumers. The immediate impacts are food stock depletion in some areas, while others experiencing undistributed food abundance that inevitably is wasted. In the regions where food stock is declining, food prices continue to rise and vice versa.

This article will firstly discuss conditions of land that can be defined as suboptimal. The simplest way to identify it is when the land produces less than maximal crop yield. The “suboptimal land” term was started to be widely used to describe the typical character of land with low productivity, reduced economic return, and/or severe limitations for agricultural use. In this context, the usage of the “land” is broader than just soil or terrain layer. These include the atmosphere, geology, hydrology, soil, and the whole living things on it, including human activities such as drainage, terracing, and irrigation.

COVID-19 seems to have a more significant impact on food accessibility and availability as it indicates decreasing food stock and rising food price. If the pandemic continues to deteriorate, it will also hamper people’s food utilization and stability. Essentially, COVID-19 hinders our food system from all directions. The effect of COVID-19 on food security is mainly the impact of preventive measurement implemented by the governments. To have a clear view of the situation, this paper examines the matter from downstream and upstream courses.