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ABSTRACT The current study aims to prepare a green extract using a new method in addition to conventional extraction methods including; methanolic and ultrasonic extraction of Salvia triloba, to compare their phenolic composition utilizing high‐performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD), anti‐bacterial, anti‐oxidant, and enzyme inhibition activities. The results of HPLC‐DAD analysis showed that Rosmarinic acid was found the highest amount in the methanolic extract followed by ultrasonic and green extracts as 169.7 ± 0.51, 135.1 ± 0.40, and 28.58 ± 0.46 μg/g respectively. The Trans‐cinnamic acid (4.40 ± 0.09 μg/g) was found exclusively in ultrasonic extract. For bioactivities, the green extract exhibited the highest biofilm inhibition against Enterococcus faecalis compared to other extracts, while the methanolic extract outperformed both ultrasonic‐assisted and green extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains at minimum inhibitory concentration. The methanolic and green extract exhibited considerable quorum sensing inhibition against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, while no activity was recorded from ultrasonic‐assisted extract. The methanolic and ultrasonic‐assisted extracts of S. triloba recorded moderate butyrylcholinesterase inhibition; each extract demonstrated limited inhibitory effects on the urease enzyme. Similarly, each extract of S. triloba demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, with the highest activity exhibited by methanolic extract as β‐carotene‐linoleic acid assay (IC50 = 10.29 ± 0.36 μg/mL), DPPH• assay (IC50 = 27.77 ± 0.55 μg/mL), ABTS•+ assay (IC50 = 15.49 ± 0.95 μg/mL), metal chelating assay (IC50 = 57.80 ± 0.95 μg/mL), and CUPRAC (assay A0.50 = 32.54 ± 0.84 μg/mL). Furthermore, the methanolic extract exhibited antioxidant activity better than α‐tocopherol (Standard used). The current study demonstrated the potential of green solvent(s) as eco‐friendly alternative for extractin phenolic compounds from S. triloba and evaluated their biological activities for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Diospyros has gained significant attention in the scientific community owing to its diverse bioactivities ascribed to specific bioactive constituents present in different species of this plant. Phytochemicals like flavonoids, terpenoids, and xanthones have been reported to be present in other Diospyros species responsible for their pharmacological properties. These compounds are well known for their diverse potent therapeutic potentials, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This review enlightens the details of the Genus Diospyros, ranging from an overview of its species to an in‐depth analysis of phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, and their potential as anticancer agents. Different species, including Diospyros lotus, Diospyros kaki, Diospyros maritima, Diospyros mespiliformis, and Diospyros tricolor, presented with an enormous range of anticancer activities against human cancer cell cultures. Moreover, this review highlights the results of various in vitro (antiproliferative, cytotoxic effects against), in vivo (inhibition of tumor, apoptosis), and in silico (GLU234, GLU278, and LYS158 protein residues) studies, elucidating its preclinical anticancer potential. The anticancer potential displays inhibition of cellular proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and mitigation of angiogenesis. Furthermore, this review may elaborate the use of traditional knowledge, modern research, and potential therapeutic applications in the field of anticancer ethnopharmacology. As the modern‐day research approaches novel alternatives to combat diseases like cancer, the Genus Diospyros may emerge as a promising avenue with the potential to yield innovative and effective therapeutic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer, characterized as one of the leading causes of death owing to its heterogeneity and complexity, hence poses a significant challenge to health care system across the globe. Current therapies for cancer curtailment are considered to have associated side effects, therefore discovery of novel alternative approaches is need of the time. In this context, natural products have attained an essential spot in the scientific community for the development of novel cancer treatments. Among others, Diospyrin, a bis‐hydroxy‐naphthoquinonoid, is a vital bioactive component present in various Diospyros and Euclea species. The bioactivity associated with Diospyrin's makes it a promising "lead molecule" for new chemotherapy. In this review, biosynthesis of Diospyrin and its analogues along with their anticancer activities has been discussed. Moreover, this review briefly discusses probable modes of action of Diospyrin and its analogues by targeting the molecular signal transduction pathways. This review also highlights the toxicological and clinical implications of diospyrin and its derivatives. Further pharmacological and pharmacogenetic studies are required to better understand the anticancer potential of Diospyrin and its analogues at the molecular and genetic levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical composition, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimacrobial activities of essential oil obtained from leaves of Rumex nervosus has been evaluated here for the first time. GC/MS analysis reveals the presence of Palmitoleic Acid (28.35%) and Palmitic acid, (25. 37%) as their methyl ester as major components. The essential oil showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity (94.907 ± 0.1089% and 94.003 ± 0.0749%) at concentration (100 and 80) μg/mL respectively. The oil showed promising activity against staph aureus, while showed weak activity against (Hela and 3T3) cell lines. The crude extract / fractions of R. nervosus (leaves) showed significant antioxidant activity at dose (100 and 80) μg/mL. Futhermore the crude showed significant activity against (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) cell lines with IC50 (20.5138 ± 0.933 and 25.1728 ± 0.9176) μg/mL respectively, and chloroform fraction showed good activity against (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) cell lines with IC50 (31.154 ± 0.965 and 42.269 ± 2.1045) μg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a laboratory experiment, the herbicidal potential of poplar leaves was evaluated against six weed species that are Avena fatua, Phalaris minor, Rumex dentatus, Parthenium hysterophorus, Lepidium sativum and Silybum marianum. Aqueous extract of Populus nigra leaves' powder obtained at 10, 15, and 20 g concentrations were used as treatments for testing germination and seedling growth responses of the target weed species. Germination and growth of all six weeds species were reduced with increasing concentration of the leaves. Results suggests the potential role of this plant's extracts in the management of weeds; however, more work is needed to be conducted for identification of the allelochemicals present in poplar plant which exhibit inhibitory activities against seed germination and growth parameters of test plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological assays including; phytotoxicity, brine shrimp lethality, antileishmanial and insecticidal activities were carried out on crude methanolic extracts of stems and leaves of R. nervosus and their fraction namely; n-Hexane, CHCl3, EtOAc, and MeOH fractions. The highest significant phytotoxicty activity showed by chloroform, n-hexane fractions and crude extract of leaves, the growth regulation were (95%, 90% and 90%) respectively against Lemna minor, while ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fractions of stems displayed significant phytotoxicty (100% and 90%) respectively against Lemna minor at high dose (1000μg/ml). The results obtained from cytotoxicity assays revealed that none of the fractions are cytotoxic. The chloroform fraction of stems was showed good antileishmanial activity against L. major with LC50±S.D: 70.3±1.2 at μg/ml. The crude methanolic extracts of leaves, chloroform fraction and ethyl acetate fraction exhibited low mortality against tested insect Rhyzopertha dominica while, the rest of extracts were found almost inactive against insects species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyphostemma digitatumstem and roots extracts were investigated for antioxidant, antimicrobial, urease inhibition potential and phytochemical analysis. Phytochemical screening of the roots and stem extract revealed the presence of secondary metabolites including flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, carbohydrates/reducing sugars and phenolic compounds. The methanolic extracts of the roots displayed highest antioxidant activity (93.518%) against DPPH while the crude methanolic extract of the stem showed highest antioxidant activity (66.163%) at 100 μg/mL concentration. The methanolic extracts of both stem and roots were moderately active or even found to be less active against the selected bacterial and fungal strains (Tables S2 and S3). The roots extract (methanol) showed significant urease enzyme inhibition activity (IC50 = 41.2 ± 0.66; 0.2 mg/mL) while the stem extract was found moderately active (IC50 = 401.1 ± 0.58; 0.2 mg/mL) against thiourea (IC50 = 21.011; 0.2 mg/mL). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Ureases inhibitory agents are becoming important because of their application in treating many aliments. This work describes the urease inhibitory potential of the crude extracts of leaves and stems ofRumex nervosus, which includes crude extracts as well as various sub-fractions,n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The crude extracts of stems and leaves exhibited promising ureases inhibition (IC50values of 17.5 ± 0.84 and 29.6 ± 0.96 μg/mL, respectively). Among the sub-fractions, methanol-soluble fractions of leaves and stems showed significant inhibition having IC50values of 21.9 ± 0.67 and 21.5 ± 0.69 μg/mL, respectively, followed by ethyl acetate fractions of stems and leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]