Search

Additional file 2.

Additional file 3.

Additional file 1.

Resumen: La difusión de identidad es considerada un elemento central en la psicopatología del trastorno límite de la persona-lidad, la cual se encuentra enraizada en déficits en las habilidades de mentalización. El presente artículo muestra los resultados de un análisis cualitativo realizado a las narrativas de pacientes y terapeutas durante sesiones de psicote-rapia con el modelo Tratamiento para la Identidad del Adolescente (AIT), en las cuales participaron adolescentes que fueron diagnosticados con difusión de identidad. Los hallazgos permitieron proponer una nueva forma de identificar, delimitar y describir episodios de mentalización durante el diálogo psicoterapéutico. Se presenta una caracterización de dichos episodios relevantes, en función de su nivel de complejidad, su cercanía a la historia biográfico-afectiva del paciente, y el foco puesto en sí mismo o en los otros. Dichos episodios fueron precedidos por una serie de acciones del terapeuta, que resultaron facilitadoras o atenuantes de los procesos de mentalización del paciente. Estos resultados son discutidos a la luz de su potencial para orientar la práctica clínica, la formación de terapeutas, y la realización de futuras investigaciones. Abstract: Identity diffusion is considered a central element in the psychopathology of borderline personality disorder, which is rooted in deficits in mentalization skills. This article presents the results of a qualitative analysis carried out on the patients’ and therapists’ narratives during psychotherapeutic sessions with the Identity Treatment for Adolescents model (AIT), in which adolescents were diagnosed with an identity diffusion. The findings allowed to propose a new way for identifying, delimiting and describing mentalization episodes within the psychotherapeutic dialogue. A description of these relevant episodes is presented, depending on their level of complexity, their proximity to the patient's biographical-affective history, and the focus placed on him/herself or others. Such episodes were usually pre-ceded by certain actions from therapists, which can facilitate or attenuate the patient's mentalization processes. These results are discussed considering their potential to guide clinical practice, the training of therapists, and the conduct of future research.

Background: Quality of life and psychological well-being are readily hampered by depression. The changes that students face during college life impact their psychological health and well-being, including the emergence of mental health problems like depression Aim: To determine the relationship between depressive symptoms, sociodemographic parameters and psychological well-being in undergraduate university students. Material and Methods: Five hundred eighty university students of both sexes, from the Metropolitan and IX Regions of Chile answered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-IA) and the Ryff's psychological well-being scale. Results: Twenty eight percent of respondents had clinically significant depressive symptoms, and these were more frequent in women. There was an inverse and statistically significant relationship between psychological well-being and depressive symptoms. This fact was especially marked in dimensions of autonomy, positive relationships with others and purpose in life. Conclusions: There is a high frequency of depressive symptoms among these students. We discuss whether psychological well-being and depressive symptomatology represent two extremes within a continuum or they are two independent dimensions that can account for differential causal mechanisms linked to mental health and illness.

In order to reveal the social and cultural influence in the phenomena of self-injuries in adolescents, we examined ten cases of patients. This research aims to enrich the reflection on the current affairs and an invitation to think about worrying phenomena in youngsters: self-injuries or cuts in the arms in eight young adolescent patients. We try to figure out the underlying cause of such behavior, which is more common every day and reveals some characteristics of society. Sociocultural, individual and family changes are analyzed, showing possible connections among these instances, identity and self-injuries. We suggest that the difficulties in identity development may be related to practices such as self-injury or others, which are related to mentalization problems. In the sociocultural level we find a way to socialize in which subjective discomfort has increased, there is overabundance, mass consumption, and the traditional social institutions (family, school and religion) have failed. Youngsters do not know themselves nor their projects. This difficulty is accompanied by an individualu2019s failure in mentalization capacities (name oneu2019s feelings), leading the suffering youngster to practices such as self-injuries, which become permanent. Finally, the particulars of family relationships are described: distance between parents and their offspring, with the life experiences of the former being less appreciated by their offspring while forming their own identity, this is, they are responsible of becoming thetarchitects of their own identities. With respect to the description that the young people make of themselves, we see that they refer to a marked emotional lability and the presence of dysthymic experiences. They are orphans without traditions, which are sources of identity and innovation; to know who we are we must know where we come from.

Even though the benefits of bariatric surgery are supported by scientific evidence, its indications and contraindications must be revised to avoid its indiscriminate use. Substance use is more common in patients subjected to bariatric surgery than in the general population. After surgery, an increase in alcohol abuse has been reported. We report a 41 years old male, with morbid obesity, alcohol and cocaine use. After bariatric surgery, his alcohol tolerance significantly decreased, increasing the doses of cocaine and starting to consume it without alcohol. His high anxiety level and paranoid delusions, motivated him to seek help in a rehabilitation center where a Substance Dependence Disorder was diagnosed and received initial treatment. The cause of this adverse effect needs further research. Functional and anatomic changes in the digestive tract lead to a greater alcohol absorption and reduced alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Also neurochemical alterations may produce a displacement from compulsive use of food to compulsive use of addictive substances.