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The Tudor Chamber Books (1485–1521) are a useful, underexplored source for examining queenship. In addition to the two queen consorts, Elizabeth of York and her daughter in law, Catherine of Aragon, there is interesting coverage of Margaret and Mary Tudor who became respectively Queen of Scots and Queen of France, as well as the early years of Mary I. This article demonstrates how financial records can shed new light on pivotal moments in a royal woman's life, including childhood, betrothals and weddings, widowhood, joys such as coronation ceremonies and stresses of childbirth and infant (or even maternal) loss. It demonstrates the utility of the Chamber Books themselves and of wider financial sources in charting the lives of royal women and understanding more deeply the rhythms and responsibilities of queenship. This article is part of a research cluster in this issue on the economic power of medieval queens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is part of a research cluster in this issue on the economic power of medieval queens. This paper explores the only known surviving detailed economic register of a queen of Portugal's expenses up to the early sixteenth century. Covering the early years of Maria of Castile and Aragon's queenship (1501–1508), the document gives extraordinary insight into the queen's household and the management of her finances. The study conducted over the book allows us to become acquainted with some of Queen Maria's ladies, officials, and servants, detect expenditure patterns, and get a glimpse of daily life at court, along with how the queen constructs her image, exercises her patronage and consolidates her authority. It is also possible to better understand how connected Portugal and Castile were, both economically and culturally, even before the Dual Monarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introductory piece for the research cluster 'The Economic Power of European Queens: Sources, Resources and Expenditure both delineates the content of the cluster and places it in the context of wider research. The article highlights common themes among the four articles in the cluster and common issues with the survival of sources which document the economic activity of royal women. It also highlights the importance of new research which is beginning to illuminate the financial element of queenship and helping us to understand this vital, yet understudied, part of the queen's office. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding queenly expenditure is a key part of studying queenship, not least because it provides insight into how queens carried out their roles and responsibilities. But examining such expenditure also serves a purpose in relation to research on the material foundations of queenship. This article examines one aspect of that expenditure, namely the gifts and rewards given by Margaret of Anjou and Elizabeth of York, two fifteenth-century English queens consort. Gifts and rewards serve as signal examples of how these queens used their economic resources and provide an additional entry into how to view these queens in economic and social/cultural terms. It shows that relating the queens' gifts and rewards to and demonstrating the implications of their practices on both their economic and social roles is a fruitful method of extending our understanding of the economic resources available to the queens and how they used them. This article is part of a research cluster in this issue on the economic power of medieval queens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the rise and decline of Sibila de Fortià through the lens of material and economic considerations. The text highlights the intricate interplay between materiality and royal dignity in the life of Queen Sibila. It portrays how her ascent and authority were closely tied to her economic resources and possessions, including symbolic items like the crown and seals. Material culture played a critical role in shaping and projecting the queen's image, especially when her legitimacy was questioned. The paper provides a chronological examination, emphasising the economic and material dimensions of her progression, charting her journey from the king's paramour to her tenure as a queen and finally addressing the challenges encountered during her widowhood. This article is part of a research cluster in this issue on the economic power of medieval queens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cluster focuses on the cross-confessional nature of European queenship, particularly the role which different confessional identities play in the education, marriage, childbirth, patronage, expressions of agency, legal context, and posthumous legacy of queens, both regnant and consort. Ranging from the education of Isabella I’s daughters to Catholic consorts in the Stuart realms to posthumous understandings of Anne Boleyn, this cluster features the work of both emerging and established scholars, all of whom seek to contribute to the field of royal studies’ engagement with queens’ religion across confessional lines, including intra-Christian relations and the interplay between the Christian, Jewish, and Muslim faiths. After a brief introduction to the conceptual framework of the cluster, eight discrete short-form articles examine different aspects of European queenship and their cross-confessional identities.

Queen Elizabeth I (1533 – 1603) occupied the English throne for 45 years in what has become known as England’s ‘Golden Age’. Her reign is one of the most studied and deliberated of any English monarch, and yet, there is one aspect of Elizabeth’s life which remains an enigma, namely her feelings towards her mother, Anne Boleyn (c.1501 – 1536). Anne was infamously executed on the orders of Elizabeth’s father, Henry VIII (1491 – 1547), in 1536 on false charges of adultery, incest and treason when Elizabeth was two years and eight months old. Elizabeth rarely spoke of her mother, therefore, there is much ambiguity surrounding her feelings towards Anne. This has allowed for a range of theories to develop. Some historians believe that Anne’s death was simply of no consequence to Elizabeth. David Starkey remarked that she “airbrushed her mother from her memory.” In contrast, other scholars have used psychoanalytic theory to suggest that Elizabeth suffered from the oedipal complex as a result of Anne’s fall. These hypotheses are a misleading representation of not only Elizabeth’s sentiments for her mother, but also the intricate impact that Anne’s memory had on her reign. Through the analysis of literary sources, portraiture and material objects, this article will work to challenge these theories. Instead, it will suggest that Elizabeth subtly contributed to the rehabilitation of Anne’s memory, adhering to a figurative and symbolic understanding of their relationship as expressed in the works of Protestant authors. This will reveal Anne’s multifaceted legacy to Elizabethan England, in which her memory was used to both legitimise and destabilise Elizabeth’s monarchy.

Sibyl, Queen of Jerusalem 1186–1190. By Helen J. Nicholson. New York: Routledge, 2022. ISBN 9781138636514. xiii + 203 pp. £130.

Mid-Tudor Queenship and Memory: The Making and Re-making of Lady Jane Grey and Mary I. Edited by Valerie Schutte and Jessica S. Hower. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2023. ISBN 978-3-031-35688-9 (ebook) xi + 273 pp. £109.99

Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603) occupied the English throne for 45 years in what has become known as England's "Golden Age." Her reign is one of the most studied and deliberated of any English monarch, and yet, there is one aspect of Elizabeth's life which remains an enigma, namely her feelings towards her mother, Anne Boleyn (c.1501-1536). Anne was infamously executed on the orders of Elizabeth's father, Henry VIII (1491-1547), in 1536 on false charges of adultery, incest, and treason when Elizabeth was two years and eight months old. Elizabeth rarely spoke of her mother. Consequently, there is much ambiguity surrounding her feelings towards Anne. This has allowed for a range of theories to develop. Some historians believe that Anne's death was simply of no consequence to Elizabeth. David Starkey suggested that she airbrushed her mother from her memory. In contrast, other scholars have used psychoanalytic theory to suggest that Elizabeth suffered from the oedipal complex as a result of Anne's fall. These hypotheses are a misleading representation of not only Elizabeth's sentiments for her mother, but also the intricate impact that Anne's memory had on her reign. Through the analysis of literary sources, portraiture, and material objects, this article will work to challenge these theories. Instead, it will suggest that Elizabeth subtly contributed to the rehabilitation of Anne's memory, adhering to a figurative and symbolic understanding of their relationship as expressed in the works of Protestant authors. This will reveal Anne's multifaceted legacy and significance to Elizabethan England, in which her memory was used to both legitimise and destabilise Elizabeth's monarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cluster focuses on the cross-confessional nature of European queenship, particularly the role that different confessional identities play in the education, marriage, childbirth, patronage, expressions of agency, legal context, and posthumous legacy of queens, both regnant and consort. Ranging from the education of Isabella I's daughters to Catholic consorts in the Stuart realms to posthumous understandings of Anne Boleyn, this cluster features the work of both emerging and established scholars, all of whom seek to contribute to the field of royal studies' engagement with queens' religion across confessional lines, including intra-Christian relations and the interplay between the Christian, Jewish, and Muslim faiths. After a brief introduction to the conceptual framework of the cluster, eight discrete short-form articles examine different aspects of European queenship and their cross-confessional identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mid-nineteenth century, three reigning queens ruled their countries: Victoria in England, Maria II in Portugal, and Isabel II in Spain. These were three women who had to assume political power in a moment both of the redefinition of womanhood towards domesticity and the establishment of liberal, constitutional regimes. Their queenship, therefore, was built on a close relationship with their moral and domestic attributes as women, feeding one process back into the other. This article aims to show the relevance of gender in the modern legitimization of the monarchy and its critique. Many studies have focused on Queen Victoria, comparing her successful formula to other female monarchs. This article studies the cases of Portugal and Spain comparatively to make the process more complex and diverse. For this purpose, I first point out how critical gender was in the legitimization of both queens with very similar lives and political contexts. This intricately linked relationship was apparent in the symbolic construction of their reigns but was particularly evident in the numerous political crises they would have to face. I compare their experiences to show that domesticity played a central role in shaping their queenship and political (de)legitimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isabella I's funeral arrangements show that she sought in Observant Franciscanism the spiritual basis for expressing her political novelty. Representation and performativity, outstanding elements in spirituality, allow us to understand the symbolic and political dimension of the queen's last will and testament. It was about representing female sovereignty but also offered a new paradigm of Catholic sovereignty, irrespective of the ruler's gender. To better assess the originality of the queen's will, this study also considers the perspective of Ferdinand the Catholic, and the difficulties that arose when executing Isabella's orders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Navarre has long been seen as a liminal state, torn between influence and interference from its French and Iberian neighbors. The five regnant queens of Navarre exemplify this situation through their own lives which saw them pulled politically and even physically between France and Iberia—from Juana I who lived the whole of her life in France, to queens like Juana II and Catalina I who moved back and forth over the Pyrenees during their reign, to the queens Blanca I and her daughter Leonor who spent their reigns (though not their whole lives) largely in Iberia. The diverse location of these queens' death and burial reflect the geographical context of their lives—significantly, none of the regnant queens of Navarre are buried in their own capital city of Pamplona and only one is buried in Navarre itself. This article will examine the tombs of these five women, unpicking the situational, dynastic and political context which resulted in their virtual absence from the kingdom they ruled in death and the individuals and factors involved in the shaping of their memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Librosdelacorte.es is the property of Instituto Universitario "La Corte en Europa" - IULCE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Librosdelacorte.es is the property of Instituto Universitario "La Corte en Europa" - IULCE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Librosdelacorte.es is the property of Instituto Universitario "La Corte en Europa" - IULCE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines Rus' chronicles' information about female political participation. Frequent omission of women's given names in the chronicles is often interpreted as evidence that Rus princesses were less politically significant than Western and Byzantine elite women. An analysis of East Slavonic name usage offered below challenges this interpretation. The paper argues that the scarcity of information about women in the extant sources does not reflect the realities of pre-Mongol Rus, and that elite women in Rus were no less politically active than their counterparts in the rest of Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies on queens, despite advances in the last two decades, are still scarce in Brazil, which is reinforced when it comes to research covering the Early Medieval period. The objective of this article is to discuss and analyze the circulation and connections between the princesses of the Frankish Kingdom and England, between 6th and 10th centuries. Therefore, it will be approached, from narrative sources from both regions delimited in this research, examples of princesses from Francie who migrated to England and English princesses whose destination was Imperial Germania and the Occidentals portion. In this way, it will be analyzed how these princesses, who later played their role as queens, after being sent to these new courts, were represented in these documentary sources and how their actions were described by the chroniclers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like many other dynasties in the History of Islam in the Middle Ages, the Banū Naṣr (1232-1492) created their own palaces as both their seat of power and royal residence at the Alhambra in Granada, the city chosen as the capital of their kingdom in 1238. During its long building process, which lasted from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries, the Alhambra became the dwelling of the different members of the Nasrid family, including not only the men but also the many women who made up the harem of this dynasty. This article aims to identify the residential spaces in the Alhambra where the daily life of the women of the Nasrid dynasty took place. To start with, we will reflect on the feminine nature of the Alhambra and the concept of the harem in this final phase of Andalusi history, also analysing the composition of the household of the Nasrid sultanas. We will then try to locate the specific areas of the Alhambra where the Dār al-nisā’ (or “house of women”) may have been located, gathering the sparse textual anecdotes reflecting the presence of women in different parts of this royal palace and resorting to personal interpretations due this scarcity of textual sources. For this, we will revisit the available Arabic sources and material culture from a gender perspective. With this study, we aim to turn the Alhambra into an academic field of debate and reflection on how the segregation of spaces according to gender category was organized in the context of both Islamic society and architecture.

This article re-examines the chronicle accounts of Philippa of Hainaut, Queen of England, being present at the Battle of Neville’s Cross through the lens of constructing ideal queenship models. It argues that there is more evidence for Philippa’s presence than have previously been considered, including an often-overlooked account from Valenciennes. Even if this was an exaggeration of the evidence by Flemish chroniclers, the construction of Philippa’s role expands our understanding of ideal queenship in late medieval England. Philippa’s military participation is praised as a mirror to her husband’s victory at Crécy to construct an ideal of English queenship which could involve military leadership alongside motherhood and intercession. In examining the similar descriptions of the two battles provided by Froissart’s Chronicles, the article outlines how kingship and queenship were dually constructed and mutually dependent. One could not be fully realized without the other.

This article argues that the Duchess of Angoulême, born Marie-Thérèse Charlotte de France, daughter of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie-Antoinette, took on the role of substitute queen during the reign of her uncle, King Louis XVIII. The King, widower of Marie-Joséphine de Savoie, realised well before his wife’s death the importance of having a female figure by his side. Although the King’s niece was born a Fille de France and did not wear the royal crown, the iconography commissioned by Louis gave her all the prerogatives of queenship, at least in appearance, and so helped shape a blurred and complex image of a royal couple such as had never been seen before.

This article argues that the Duchess of Angoulême, born Marie-Thérèse Charlotte de France, daughter of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie-Antoinette, took on the role of substitute queen during the reign of her uncle, King Louis XVIII. The King, widower of Marie-Joséphine de Savoie, realised well before his wife's death the importance of having a female figure by his side. Although the King's niece was born a Fille de France and did not wear the royal crown, the iconography commissioned by Louis gave her all the prerogatives of queenship, at least in appearance, and so helped shape a blurred and complex image of a royal couple such as had never been seen before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the recent surge in Anne Boleyn-themed books and articles, scholars still cannot agree on the subject of Anne and witchcraft. There are two polarising schools of thought: one is that Anne had "the physical characteristics of a witch," based on the hostile account of Nicholas Sander, and the other that she was never "branded a witch in her own lifetime."¹ This essay argues that neither of these two views is correct and that there is enough compelling evidence to refute them both. It is time to return to the original source material and re-evaluate this part of the narrative of Anne Boleyn's life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article re-examines the chronicle accounts of Philippa of Hainaut, Queen of England, being present at the Battle of Neville's Cross through the lens of constructing ideal queenship models. It argues that there is more evidence for Philippa's presence than have previously been considered, including an often-overlooked account from Valenciennes. Even if this was an exaggeration of the evidence by Flemish chroniclers, the construction of Philippa's role expands our understanding of ideal queenship in late medieval England. Philippa's military participation is praised as a mirror to her husband's victory at Crécy to construct an ideal of English queenship which could involve military leadership alongside motherhood and intercession. In examining the similar descriptions of the two battles provided by Froissart's Chronicles, the article outlines how kingship and queenship were dually constructed and mutually dependent. One could not be fully realized without the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like many other dynasties in the History of Islam in the Middle Ages, the Banū Naṣr (1232-1492) created their own palaces as both their seat of power and royal residence at the Alhambra in Granada, the city chosen as the capital of their kingdom in 1238. During its long building process, which lasted from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries, the Alhambra became the dwelling of the different members of the Nasrid family, including not only the men but also the many women who made up the harem of this dynasty. This article aims to identify the residential spaces in the Alhambra where the daily life of the women of the Nasrid dynasty took place. To start with, we will reflect on the feminine nature of the Alhambra and the concept of the harem in this final phase of Andalusi history, also analysing the composition of the household of the Nasrid sultanas. We will then try to locate the specific areas of the Alhambra where the Dār alnisā' (or "house of women") may have been located, gathering the sparse textual anecdotes reflecting the presence of women in different parts of this royal palace and resorting to personal interpretations due this scarcity of textual sources. For this, we will revisit the available Arabic sources and material culture from a gender perspective. With this study, we aim to turn the Alhambra into an academic field of debate and reflection on how the segregation of spaces according to gender category was organized in the context of both Islamic society and architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of royal households has undergone a remarkable development in recent years. Thanks to the appearance of works on their composition, family strategies, or specific people at the service of queens and infantas, it is possible to raise new analytical questions, or to focus on lesser-known stages, such as the queens’ youth. The company and service of officers, ladies-in-waiting, maidens, or servants contributed to the creation of a “circle of security” for the infanta and later for the queen, but also of a political instrument, and even of a cultural agent if necessary. The examination of the royal environment of Iberian queens and infantas allows us to understand exchanges in court codes and etiquette, or the demonstration of royal authority over a bordering territory. The comparative study of the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula reflects the ability of royal women when it comes to introducing changes in the composition of the household, as well as being key to understanding the motivations of the personnel at their service. Thus, the objectives of this monographic issue are vindication of queenly authority from the first demonstrations of her political capacity, and contextualization of the changes and decisions orchestrated within the queen’s household through some previously unknown cases in the Late Middle Ages and the early modern eras.

The thirteenth century was a transformative period for Western European monarchies, which experienced the development of institutions and an increasing bureaucratisation of their administrative systems. During this time in Castile, the queen’s establishment began to be recognised as progressively differentiated from the king’s own household. This study examines the composition and structure of the Castilian queen’s household in the thirteenth century through two case studies: the households of Juana of Ponthieu (r.1237-1252), wife of Fernando III; and Violante of Aragon (r.1252-1284), wife of Alfonso X. It draws upon the references to their personnel contained in the repartimientos, the grants of land that followed the conquest of new territories in the Southern Iberian Peninsula. This approach demonstrates that the examination of well-known sources through the lens of queenship provides important new insights into the personnel and households of thirteenth-century queens consort. This article argues that, during the thirteenth century, the queen’s household constituted a space of connection which linked together people from diverse origins, kingdoms, and backgrounds; and provided the queen with a sphere of influence, through which she could exercise her largesse and patronage.

The reign of the Catholic Monarchs is possibly the most important reign and, therefore, the most studied in the history of our country. However, this reign had a defect in the form of its offspring, not because of the absence of children but because of their tragic end. The lives of the children of Catholic Monarchs were studied to an unequal extent, with Juana and Prince Juan being the characters who have most attracted the attention of historians. This article examines how the house of each of the last Trastámaras infants was created, what the composition of their house was, and who their servants were. In so doing, we can understand what led the Catholic Monarchs to build their children’s houses in a particular way and why the monarchs educated their eldest children more lavishly and publicly than they did their little brothers. Finally, we will answer the following question: what happened to the servants of infants who died when they were young? In this case, the examples of the deaths of the eldest daughter Isabel and Prince Juan are essential to solving this question. As an epilogue, we will recount how Juana once again had the same servants of her childhood in her house when she settled down in Tordesillas in 1509.

This paper analyses Violant’s household as Duchess of Girona from 1384 to 1386. This period is fundamental as it will allow us to understand her entourage after the fiasco of the General Parliaments of Monzón (1382-1384) until the previous months to ascend to the throne as Queen Consort of Aragon. The paper presents the sources available, the events of the General Parliaments, the composition of Violant’s household, and an approximation of its maintenance cost.

In the research on the Kalmar Union, the focus has mainly been on the kings as personae agens of the development. Even though one could not avoid treating Queen Margaret Valdemarsdatter as the founder of the Union, she has often been portrayed as genderless in political terms. Her successors, on the other hand, disappeared into historical obscurity or were mentioned more in passing sentences. Yet the queens had a considerable influence on the cohesion of the Union, just as Dorothea of Hohenzollern and Christine of Wettin played a role in restoring or maintaining the dynastic claims of the Oldenburg family. This article will therefore attempt to shed light on the political role of these princesses within the Kalmar Union and at the same time try to find reasons for the damnatio memoria of these queens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Queens were important figures within the court communities of pre-Norman England, their status defined by their relationship to the king, whether as queen-consort, queen-mother, queen-regent, or queen-dowager. These were positions with an attendant degree of prestige and authority, but a vulnerability to the vicissitudes of the king's fortunes. Often this would lead to periods of exile from the court community. Such exiled queens could find refuge on their own lands or other communities, such as abbeys and foreign courts. This removal from the centre of power allowed the king to minimise or control any vestigial queenly status or authority, and guard against the exiled queen becoming a locus for alternative political factions. These queens-in-exile form the focus of this article, which seeks to establish not only the patterns and contexts that allowed such social isolation to occur, but queens' emotional responses to it. Here there are four interlinked concepts: social isolation (exile), emotional isolation (loneliness), social loneliness (the absence of community), and emotional loneliness (the absence of a close individual). These are observable across the experiences of an array of literary and historical pre-Norman queens, from Beowulf and Elene through to royal women, such as Æthelflæd (d. 918), Eadgifu (d. c.966), and Emma of Normandy (d. 1052). Through the analysis of such experiences, it is possible to construct cultural perspectives on the exercise of queenly authority, on queenly vulnerability, and on queenly affect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a reassessment of Anne of Świdnica (1339–62), Holy Roman Empress and queen of Bohemia, based on a reading of Petrarch's De laudibus feminarum. By reinterpreting their correspondence as an act of gift-giving within a framework of court patronage, it makes a case for her calculated effort to benefit her public image by corresponding with Petrarch, while he, in turn, benefited by representing himself as an intimate of the imperial family. It also situates his letter within the context of the ongoing political exchanges between Petrarch and the Prague court, and suggests that he sought to harness Anne's influence for his political agenda. What emerges is a new vision of Anne, one with greater learning and agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Wieki Stare i Nowe is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)