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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T17:22:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-10-19 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Cetacean ear bones are useful for palaeontological studies because it is possible to identify most species based on their gross morphology, and thus glean information about past occurrences and distributions. This study describes cetacean tympanic bullae and periotics preserved in Middle-Late Pleistocene coastal barrier systems from Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. The specimens were collected ex situ on the modern beach, and reveal the presence of the Franciscana dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei, an indeterminate delphinid, the rorqual whale, Balaenoptera, and right whale, Eubalaena. Given the current diversity of dolphins and whales in the Atlantic Ocean, these fossils suggest that the reported diversity of Pleistocene cetaceans is probably underestimated. The barrier systems of Rio Grande do Sul are the only Brazilian deposits that have preserved Pleistocene cetacean remains to date. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Lab Estratigrafia & Paleontol & Programa Posgrad, Campus Litoral Paulista, BR-11330900 Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Lab Estratigrafia & Paleontol, Campus Litoral Paulista, BR-11330900 Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Lab Estratigrafia & Paleontol & Programa Posgrad, Campus Litoral Paulista, BR-11330900 Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Lab Estratigrafia & Paleontol, Campus Litoral Paulista, BR-11330900 Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil CAPES: 88882.436025/2019-01

Quaternary marine deposits of the Ischia island have been analyzed based on marine geological survey and sedimentological data. The Ischia island represents the emerged part of a large volcanic field, extending from the Procida island to the submerged volcanoes of the western Ischia offshore. The volcanic field develops over an area of about 42 km2, E-W trending, composed of calderas, such as the Ischia caldera, linked to the great explosive eruptions, plinian and ignimbritic ("Sintema del Rifugio di S. Nicola"). The grain-size analyses of sea bottom samples have evidenced the occurrence of gravelly sands, sands, silty sands, muddy sands, sandy silts and silts. The comparison of the obtained results with previous sedimentological data collected in the Ischia offshore, coupled with the construction of marine geological maps at the 1:10.000 scale has shown that the sands seem to prevail in the eastern Ischia offshore, while the gravelly sands, mainly bioclastic are located at the top of relict volcanic edifices, such as the Forio Bank (western Ischia offshore) and the Ischia Bank (south-eastern Ischia offshore). Moreover, the obtained data have evidenced the occurrence of rhodolith beds on the relict volcanic edifice of the Ischia Bank and the on the related parasitic vent and in the Ischia Channel, a morphological saddle located between the Ischia and Procida islands.

Atributos morfológicos de 28 pedons, descritos e amostrados em cronossequências, e datações absolutas por luminescência (TL e LOE) e 14C foram utilizados para elucidar os principais fatores envolvidos na formação e evolução dos Espodossolos nos depósitos marinhos quaternários da planície costeira do Estado de São Paulo. Os solos estudados localizam-se nos municípios de Bertioga (Baixada Santista), Cananeia e Ilha Comprida (Litoral Sul). Essa abordagem, pouco comum nos estudos dos ambientes de planície costeira brasileiros, possibilitou as seguintes interpretações: (a) o relevo, a dinâmica hídrica e o tempo (incluindo as variações do nível relativo do mar) são os principais condicionantes da diferenciação espacial dos Espodossolos nos terraços marinhos; (b) os Espodossolos mais antigos e bem drenados, devido às condições de relevo e rebaixamento do nível do lençol freático, apresentam grande variabilidade e diversidade de seus horizontes e atributos morfológicos, diferindo daqueles mal drenados (antigos ou jovens), em que os horizontes são mais homogêneos; (c) os Espodossolos mais antigos, quando bem drenados, mostram-se em avançado estádio de degradação, enquanto os mal drenados encontram-se bem preservados, indicando que a sua gênese e permanência na paisagem estão ligadas ao relevo, que, por sua vez, controla a dinâmica hídrica; (d) os Espodossolos mais evoluídos e antigos, dotados de horizontes cimentados (orstein), podem ser considerados indicadores pedolitoestratigráficos dos depósitos marinhos pleistocênicos da Formação Cananeia; e (e) a gênese do horizonte orstein se deu em condições topográficas e hidrológicas pretéritas diferentes das atuais, indicando se tratar de solos poligenéticos ou paleossolos. This paper presents the results of morphological properties and absolute dating by luminescence and 14C of 28 pedons from Quaternary marine deposits located in three counties along the coast in São Paulo State, Brazil: Bertioga, Cananéia, and Ilha Comprida. The objective was to provide evidence to elucidate the main processes of the genesis of Spodosols. This approach, which is unusual in research concerned with Brazilian Quaternary coastal plains, resulted in the following interpretations: (a) relief, hydrologic conditions and time were the main soil formation factors responsible for the spatial differentiation of the Spodosols in marine terraces; (b) The horizon morphologic features of the most aged and well-drained Spodosols are highly variable and diverse. On the other hand, poorly drained Spodosols (old or young) are more homogeneous; (c) the oldest Spodosols, when well-drained, are in an advanced degradation stage while the poorly drained are well-preserved. This suggests that the genesis and permanence of the Spodosols on the landscape depend on the relief features controlling the hydrologic dynamics; (d) the most aged and developed Spodosols with orstein horizons can be considered lithostratigraphic indicators of marine deposits of the Pleistocene age in the Cananéia Formation; (e) the orstein horizon genesis took place under ancient topographic and hydrologic conditions that differ from the current. This indicates that such Spodosols are polygenetic or paleosols.