Search

PLANILAMINA OVATA MA ET AL., 2006 (FIGS 6, 7; TABLE 1) Improved diagnosis: Cell size 35–80 × 30–50 μm in vivo; laterally flattened, discoid or ovate in side view; deep oral cavity composed of a pre-oral kinety (rarely two), two circumoral kineties and seven to 13 infundibular kineties; no nematodesmal rods; 38–58 right kineties, three to four left kineties; four kinetofragments located in the left ahead of the podite; macronucleus ovoid; one contractile vacuole adjacent to cytostome., Published as part of Jin, Didi, Qu, Zhishuai, Wei, Bojue, Montagnes, David J. S., Fan, Xinpeng & Chen, Xiangrui, 2021, Two parasitic ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Phyllopharyngea) isolated from respiratory-mucus of an unhealthy beluga whale: characterization, phylogeny and an assessment of morphological adaptations, pp. 941-960 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 on page 947

Network analyses of biological communities allow for identifying potential consequences of climate change on the resilience of ecosystems and their robustness to resist stressors. Using DNA metabarcoding datasets from a three-year-sampling (73 samples), we constructed the protistan plankton co-occurrence network of Lake Zurich, a model lake ecosystem subjected to climate change. Despite several documentations of dramatic lake warming in Lake Zurich, our study provides an unprecedented perspective by linking changes in biotic association patterns to climate stress. Water temperature belonged to the strongest environmental parameters splitting the data into two distinct seasonal networks (October–April, May–September). The expected ecological niche of phytoplankton, weakened through nutrient depletion because of permanent thermal stratification and through parasitic fungi, was occupied by the cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens and mixotrophic nanoflagellates. Instead of phytoplankton, bacteria and nanoflagellates were the main prey organisms associated with key predators (ciliates), which contrasts traditional views of biological associations in lake plankton. In a species extinction scenario, the warm season network emerged as more vulnerable than the cold season network, indicating a time-lagged effect of warmer winter temperatures on the communities. We conclude that climate stressors compromise lake ecosystem robustness and resilience through species replacement, richness differences, and succession as indicated by key network properties.

Chlamydodon bourlandi Qu et al., 2018 (Fig. 4; Table 1) Morphological description. Size 130���230 �� 65���150 ��m in vivo, and 150���200 �� 60���85 ��m after protargol staining. Body elongated ellipsoid to reverted triangle in outline; posterior end slightly pointed (Fig. 4A, G). Cross-strained band complete, 3���4 ��m wide (Fig. 4B, C). Two orange to reddish pigment spots composed of countless, small pigment particles, located in anterior-left and posterior-right of cell, respectively (Fig. 4A, D, F), Cytoplasm transparent, with many irregular-shaped violet-pigmented vacuoles (2���7 ��m across), which renders cell reddish to violet. Orange to red cortical particles, about 0.5 ��m across, densely distributed between ciliary rows on ventral side (Fig. 4E), but irregularly distributed on dorsal side (Fig. 4D). Cytostome located at about anterior 25% of cell; cyrtos composed of 14���17 nematodesmal rods (Fig. 4B). 22���47 contractile vacuoles (4���5 ��m across, counted from 15 protargol-stained specimens) irregularly distributed, with a contraction interval of 5���10 seconds. Spherical macronucleus heteromerous, in mid-body, about 45 �� 35 ��m in vivo (Fig. 4C) and after fluorescent staining (Fig. 4H), and about 35 �� 28 ��m after protargol staining (Fig. 4I). Micronucleus not detected. Movement by crawling on the substrate, sometimes swimming in water around the longitudinal axis of body. Cilia 6���8 ��m long in vivo. In total 70���86 somatic kineties including 36���48 right, 27���34 left, and three to five (mostly four) postoral kineties. Five to 15 terminal fragments, each containing three to 20 basal bodies (Fig. 4L). Equatorial fragment not detected. Two (four out of 25 individuals observed have three) circumoral kineties parallel to each other; preoral kinety positioned in anterior-left of circumoral kineties (Fig. 4J, K). SSU rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic position. The SSU rRNA gene sequence of the present population of Chlamydodon bourlandi has GenBank accession number, length, and G + C content of MK 882887, 1639 bp, and 44.91%, respectively. The closest related Chlamydodon species is C. bourlandi (MG 566059) with a 99.0% sequence similarity. The sequence similarity of Chlamydodon bourlandi to Paracyrtophoron tropicum (FJ 998053) is 98.4%. In phylogenetic trees (Fig. 6), our new isolate of C. bourlandi forms a clade with Paracyrtophoron tropicum FJ998053 with moderate bootstrap values (ML /BI, 87%/0.97), then this clade clusters with the branch formed by C. bourlandi MG 566059 and C. obliquus FJ998030 (= C. bourlandi) with full support (ML /BI, 100%/1.00). Abbreviations: CV���coefficient of variation (%); Min���minimum; Max���maximum; M���median; Mean���arithmetic mean; SD���standard deviation; n ���number of individuals examined., Published as part of Wang, Congcong, Qu, Zhishuai & Hu, Xiaozhong, 2019, Morphology and SSU rDNA sequences of four cyrtophorian ciliates from China, with description of a new species (Protista, Ciliophora, Phyllopharyngea), pp. 206-220 in Zootaxa 4664 (2) on pages 210-212, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4664.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3384530

Dysteria monostyla (Ehrenberg, 1838) Kahl, 1931 (Fig. 5 A���E; Table 2) Morphological description. Body 40���70 �� 30���45 ��m in vivo, rectangular to oval in side view (Fig. 5A). Two ventrally located contractile vacuoles, one at anterior 1/3 and the other at posterior 1/4 of cell, each with a diameter of about 4 ��m and a pulsating interval of about 15 s (Fig. 5A). Two nematodesmal rods, each about 25 ��m long. Macronucleus ellipsoidal and heteromerous, about 25 �� 15 ��m in vivo and about 25 �� 13 ��m after protargol staining (Fig. 5E). Micronucleus not detected. Podite about 12 ��m long. Cell surface densely covered by bar-shaped ectosymbiotic bacteria (about 4 ��m long; Fig. 5B). Fine transverse stripes at mid-body on surface of both lateral plates (Fig. 5B). Invariably five right kineties with densely arranged basal bodies including two frontoventral kineties with 119���128 basal bodies each (Fig. 5C). Five to eight left kineties (Fig. 5E). Terminal fragment consists of 9���11 basal bodies (Fig. 5C). Equatorial fragment composed of 5���19 kinetosomes (Fig. 5C). Oral apparatus typical of genus (Fig. 5D). SSU rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic position. The GenBank accession number, length, and G + C content are MK 882888, 1,677 bp, and 44.25%, respectively. The closest related Dysteria species is Dysteria compressa (KC 753491) with a 99.8% sequence similarity. In phylogenetic trees (Fig. 6), D. monostyla first groups with D. compressa KC753491, then clusters with D. brasiliensis FJ870067 with high support values (ML /BI, 99%/1.00)., Published as part of Wang, Congcong, Qu, Zhishuai & Hu, Xiaozhong, 2019, Morphology and SSU rDNA sequences of four cyrtophorian ciliates from China, with description of a new species (Protista, Ciliophora, Phyllopharyngea), pp. 206-220 in Zootaxa 4664 (2) on pages 212-213, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4664.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3384530, {"references":["Kahl, A. (1931) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 2. Holotricha ausser den im 1. Teil behandelten Prostomata. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 21, 181 - 398."]}