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Partial digestion of milk proteins leads to the formation of numerous bioactive peptides. Previously, our research team thoroughly examined the decades of existing literature on milk bioactive peptides across species to construct the milk bioactive peptide database (MBPDB). Herein, we provide a comprehensive update to the data within the MBPDB and a review of the current state of research for each functional category from in vitro to animal and clinical studies, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitory, opioid, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, calcium absorption and bone health and anticancer activity. This information will help drive future research on the bioactivities of milk peptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteins are not equally digestible-their proteolytic susceptibility varies by their source and processing method. Incomplete digestion increases colonic microbial protein fermentation (putrefaction), which produces toxic metabolites that can induce inflammation in vitro and have been associated with inflammation in vivo. Individual humans differ in protein digestive capacity based on phenotypes, particularly disease states. To avoid putrefaction-induced intestinal inflammation, protein sources, and processing methods must be tailored to the consumer's digestive capacity. This review explores how food processing techniques alter protein digestibility and examines how physiological conditions alter digestive capacity. Possible solutions to improving digestive function or matching low digestive capacity with more digestible protein sources are explored. Beyond the ileal digestibility measurements of protein digestibility, less invasive, quicker and cheaper techniques for monitoring the extent of protein digestion and fermentation are needed to personalize protein nourishment. Biomarkers of protein digestive capacity and efficiency can be identified with the toolsets of peptidomics, metabolomics, microbial sequencing and multiplexed protein analysis of fecal and urine samples. By monitoring individual protein digestive function, the protein component of diets can be tailored via protein source and processing selection to match individual needs to minimize colonic putrefaction and, thus, optimize gut health.

An important investigation of moving objects involves searching for objects with specific movement patterns, such as 'going up,' 'going towards southwest,' or a combination of these. Movement patterns can be in various scales, and larger-scale patterns usually span over longer time periods with greater disturbances ignored. Movement pattern queries ask for moving objects which show a given movement pattern in a specific scale. This paper studies database techniques to support fast evaluation of movement pattern queries in user-specified scales. The database is assumed to contain position information of moving objects sampled at a certain time interval. A movement pattern is defined as a regular expression of movement letters where each letter describes a set of movement directions. For each series of positions, movement directions of all scales are precomputed and results are mapped into points on a plane. Points on this plane usually cluster well and can be readily bounded by trapezoids. These bounding trapezoids are then stored in a relational database and the query language SQL can be used to help evaluate movement pattern queries. This paper also reports some experiments conducted on a real data set as well as a synthesized data set. Results show that both the precomputation algorithm and the bounding strategy are efficient and scalable. Index Terms--Time series, subseries, movement pattern, movement pattern query, shape query, approximate representation.