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Comprehensively understanding the albumin and fibrinogen adsorption behaviors is of fundamental significance for blood-contacting devices to effectively prevent the proteins adsorption. First, a controllable superhydrophobic surface presented great repellence to different liquids with water contact angle 165.2°, plasma contact angle 154.8° and blood contact angle 152.1°. Secondly, the albumin and fibrinogen adhesion tests indicated that the pure titanium surface was fully covered by the proteins layer while only a small amount of the proteins adhered to the superhydrophobic surface. Furthermore, the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) model was built by considering the Lifshitz-van der Waals (LW), the Lewis acid-base (AB) and the electrostatic double-layer (EL) interactions, the positive value of total interaction energy profile suggested that an overall repulsive interaction between the protein molecules and superhydrophobic surface happened at a small separation distance. Finally, the hollow tubes with inner superhydrophobic surface were implanted into carotid artery of rabbits for two weeks. The content of N element measured by EDS mapping provide a new evidence that superhydrophobic surface owns a great resistance of the proteins absorption, and no thrombosis or blood cells adhered to the superhydrophobic surface. This research revealed the mechanism that superhydrophobic modification could effectively prevent the adsorption of plasma proteins, which could provide some theoretical basis to help design the blood-contacting devices with great hemocompatibility.

Background: Due to a series of financial crisis and political turbulence, a share of international economic activities has been decreased which results in the emergence of deglobalization trend. For those emerging Asian market SMEs, they are more likely to be influenced by this context because of the left impact of bureaucracy in Asian markets and lack of sufficient resources to overcome the challenges compared with MNCs. Purpose: The purpose of this research is investigating the specific challenges appearing in the deglobalization trend and importance and impacts of networks in the internationalization process of emerging Asian market SMEs under this specific trend. Method: This research follows the philosophy of interpretivism, correspondingly, the inductive research approach is appropriate for this paper to apply to refine existing theory. Qualitative research strategy approach is adapted to understand the meaning and impact of network for SMEs under deglobalization trend through multiple case study. Conclusion: The following four impacts networks have on Asian SMEs become more prominent and pivotal to assist SMEs overcome deglobalization challenges: 1) information communication, 2) access to new customer, 3) cost reduction and 4) reliable support.