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Protein gels are three-dimensional protein networks with high moisture content, which have been widely applied in several fields such as food, medicinal, and industrial sectors. Gel texture can be improved by adding dietary fiber due to its good physical, chemical and physiological properties, which has become the focus of attention of researchers. In order to better understand recent progress in research on dietary fiber-protein composite gels, this paper focuses on the classification, structure and functional characteristics of dietary fiber, and summarizes the current state of knowledge on the effect and mechanism of dietary fiber on the characteristics of protein gels. Moreover, it gives an overview of the application of fiber-protein gels in the fields of food and medicine and predicts future development directions. This paper will provide a basis for the preparation and application of fiber-protein gels.

In this paper, firstly, the e-commerce green supply chain management strategy of multivariate blockchain is explored, and digital assets are traded on the e-commerce supply chain platform through the information anchoring model. Secondly, the Diffie-Hellman algorithm is used to generate the key, the AES algorithm is used to encrypt the information, and the account data, transaction data and IoT data, are stored in three independent chains. Finally, the selection strategies of different e-commerce sales models and the green supply chain management strategies of e-commerce platforms are visually analyzed through numerical arithmetic examples. The results show that when E0 = 10, it is optimized by the ecological R&D efforts of supply chain members. When E0 = 50, the greenness of the product is decreasing. When it finally tends to the steady state, E∞C > E∞BR > E∞MR. The three green supply chain management models proposed in this study are conducive to enhancing consumer utility and in line with the sustainable development strategy.

As a heavy metal element with great harm and heavy pollution in soil pollution, chromium (Cr) has posed a great threat to the soil environment and human living environment. Chromium mainly exists in the form of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in the soil. It is of great significance to reduce Cr(VI) with strong toxicity and easy migration to Cr(III) with low toxicity and low migration. There are a large number of active groups in soil humus, which have a strong affinity with heavy metal ions and play an important role in the reduction of chromium. Humic substances are classified into three categories; however, fewer studies have been carried out simultaneously to investigate the functional groups involved in the reactions of humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), and humic matter (HM) with Cr. In the present study, HA, FA, and HM were used to interact with Cr to investigate the mechanism of humus reduction of Cr(VI). The results showed the reducing ability of humic substances: HA > FA > HM. The functional groups that play a reducing role in humic substances are mainly carboxyl groups, ester groups, phenolic hydroxyl groups, and polysaccharides. The C=O and C—O bonds play a major role in the reduction of humus, but not all C=O and C—O bonds have changed during the reaction. The adsorption–reduction process was mainly carried out on the surface of humic substances, and Cr(III) was mainly adsorbed on humic substances with trace amounts of Cr(VI).7 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the quest for efficient tumor diagnosis via liquid biopsy, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise as a source of potential biomarkers. This study addresses the gap in biomarker efficacy for predicting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) between the Western and Chinese populations. We developed a urinary extracellular vesicles‐based prostate score (EPS) model, utilizing the EXODUS technique for EV isolation from 598 patients and incorporating gene expressions of FOXA1, PCA3, and KLK3. Our findings reveal that the EPS model surpasses prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) testing in diagnostic accuracy within a training cohort of 234 patients, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.730 compared to 0.659 for PSA (p = 0.018). Similarly, in a validation cohort of 101 men, the EPS model achieved an AUC of 0.749, which was significantly better than PSA's 0.577 (p < 0.001). Our model has demonstrated a potential reduction in unnecessary prostate biopsies by 26%, with only a 3% miss rate for csPCa cases, indicating its effectiveness in the Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]