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Simple Summary: The present study aimed to characterize the complete mitochondrial genome of Streptopelia decaocto (Frivaldszky, 1838) and investigated the evolutionary relationships among species within the Columbidae family. The mtDNA full sequence length of S. decaocto was 17,160 bp. The mitogenome of S. decaocto comprised 13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, non-coding regions, and a control region. Analysis of the entire mtDNA of S. decaocto revealed consistently positive AT-skew values, except for nad3, nad6, and the D-loop. Conversely the GC-skew values were consistently negative, except for nad6. These findings suggest that S. decaocto belongs to the Columbinae subfamily. In this research, the mitochondrial genome of the Streptopelia decaocto was sequenced and examined for the first time to enhance the comprehension of the phylogenetic relationships within the Columbidae. The complete mitochondrial genome of Streptopelia decaocto (17,160 bp) was structurally similar to the recognized members of the Columbidae family, but with minor differences in gene size and arrangement. The structural AT content was 54.12%. Additionally, 150 mitochondrial datasets, representing valid species, were amassed in this investigation. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic trees and evolutionary time relationships of species were reconstructed based on cytb gene sequences. The findings from the phylogenetic evaluations suggest that the S. decaocto was classified under the Columbinae subfamily, diverging from the Miocene approximately 8.1 million years ago, indicating intricate evolutionary connections with its close relatives, implying a history of species divergence and geographic isolation. The diversification of the Columbidae commenced during the Late Oligocene and extended into the Miocene. This exploration offers crucial molecular data for the S. decaocto, facilitating the systematic taxonomic examination of the Columbidae and Columbiformes, and establishing a scientific foundation for species preservation and genetic resource management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The water environment in Laizhou Bay has experienced mild eutrophication in recent years, impacting the interactions between environmental factors, microorganisms, and aquatic species. The metagenomic analysis of 142 samples from various water layers revealed that Oplegnathus punctatus mariculture significantly increases microbial abundance and complexity in the culture area. These alterations were more noticeable in sediments compared to seawater. Cyanobacteria and Candidatus Micrarchaeota in seawater, and Actinobacteria and Thaumarchaeota in sediments show notably higher abundances in the mariculture area, indicating shifts in microbial community structure due to aquaculture practices. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sediments are highly sensitive to environmental variables, particularly oxygen solubility and salinity. This indicates that Oplegnathus punctatus mariculture can impact the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance in marine ecosystems. The study underscores the intricate and dynamic relationships between microorganisms, environmental conditions, and ARGs, highlighting the need for region-specific strategies in managing marine resources sustainably. (1) Background: Laizhou Bay is an important aquaculture area in the north of China. Oplegnathus punctatus is one of the species with high economic benefits. In recent years, the water environment of Laizhou Bay has reached a mild eutrophication level, while microorganisms are an important group between the environment and species. In this study, we evaluated alterations in environmental elements, microbial populations, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) along with their interconnections during Oplegnathus punctatus net culture. (2) Methods: A total of 142 samples from various water layers were gathered for metagenome assembly analysis. Mariculture increases the abundance of microorganisms in this culture area and makes the microbial community structure more complex. The change had more significant effects on sediment than on seawater. (3) Results: Certain populations of cyanobacteria and Candidatus Micrarchaecta in seawater, and Actinobacteria and Thaumarchaeota in sediments showed high abundance in the mariculture area. Antibiotic resistance genes in sediments were more sensitive to various environmental factors, especially oxygen solubility and salinity. (4) Conclusions: These findings highlight the complex and dynamic nature of microorganism–environment–ARG interactions, characterized by regional specificity and providing insights for a more rational use of marine resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischnochiton hakodaensis is one of Polyplacophora species, which plays an important role in the intertidal and subtidal ecosystems. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of I. hakodaensis was obtained with 15,139 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The overall base composition of the genome is 35.93% A, 13.51% G, 37.19% T, 13.38% C. The phylogenetic tree show that I. hakodaensis, Acanthopleura brevispinosa, Acanthopleura granulate, and Liolophura japonica constituted a sister clade along with Tonicia forbesii and Tonicia lamellose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polymerase chain reaction combined with direct sequencing was employed to deduce the variety of the grey-rumped pheasant populations in China. Totally 1079 basepair sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region gene were analyzed from 121 grey-rumped pheasants obtained from 13 Chinese localities, 76 variable sites resulted in 91 haplotypes. These populations possessed a high level of genetic diversity, indicating that during their evolution effective population size and polymorphism were not reduced by climatic fluctuations in the Pleistocene ice ages. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that all populations were clustered into two groups, western and eastern. The degree of population differentiation presumably results from a low gene flow (Nm - 0.33, Fst - 0.60, P < 0.001) between the two groups, and the divergence occurred in the years (2.1 × 105 - 2.2 × 105). The genetic structure of grey-rumped pheasants in China appears to be the result of the uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the existence of Qinling Mountains and Liupan Mountains and cyclical climatic oscillations during the late Pleistocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome ofCentropus sinensisis determined in this study. The circle genome with the 17 159 bp total length contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 control region. Phylogenetic tree shows thatC. sinensiswas sister toC. unirufus. The mitogenome ofC. sinensiswill contribute to researches of mitogenomic evolution, phylogenetic relationship, and conservation genetics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Ischnochiton hakodaensis is one of Polyplacophora species, which plays an important role in the intertidal and subtidal ecosystems. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of I. hakodaensis was obtained with 15,139 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The overall base composition of the genome is 35.93% A, 13.51% G, 37.19% T, 13.38% C. The phylogenetic tree show that I. hakodaensis , Acanthopleura brevispinosa , Acanthopleura granulate , and Liolophura japonica constituted a sister clade along with Tonicia forbesii and Tonicia lamellose ., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper., (© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)