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Effective management of risks is essential for reducing the vulnerability of the supply chain. Supply risk management is the most basic concept of the supply-chain risk management; therefore, this study examines this subject by developing a mathematical model consisting of a set of equations to quantify typical risk such as delayed delivery, substandard quality, natural disasters, and financial risk of the supplier. This model designed to select and allocate orders to suppliers to minimize the supply risk imposed by the mentioned risk factors. A fuzzy order function is used to turn this crisp model into a fuzzy supply chain risk assessment model. The defuzzified solutions of the fuzzy model show significant improvements over the result of crisp model. Uncertainty in supply chain and intense competitiveness between organizations and managers create different challenges. New management approaches are used to strengthen and improve the effectiveness of organizations. The results show that the fuzzy model yields better results compared to the deterministic model. Moreover, it shows that the ability of the model for activities risk control is improved. The work presented addresses the same challenging problems that others have tried to address but the methodology presented in this paper is more efficient in terms of execution performance and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to provide a mathematical model for determination of optimal wind power price in the case of construction of new off-grid connected wind power plants is different areas. The proposed model is based upon 9 criteria including: construction cost, side costs (cost of replacement, maintenance, and repairs), pollution, electricity generation, profit, renewability level, green economy, rate of return on investment, and consumption. First, the inputs of the mathematical model were obtained by technical-economic feasibility evaluation of the study areas in the software Homer using the 10-year wind speed data (2006-2016). The optimal wind power prices were then determined in three different modes by solving the mathematical model with MATLAB. The modes considered in optimization were the construction of 1, 2, and 3 wind power plants in the study areas. Simulation of construction of wind power plants in each mode was conducted in the software Homer. The proposed mathematical model was found to have sufficient capability in determination of optimal wind power price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar Water Heating (SWH) refers to the process of providing hot water with the help of solar energy. There is a strong potential for implementing of solar water heaters in Iran. Yazd is a province in Iran which has a great potential for solar energy. The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize the factors associated with the use of SWH systems in Yazd province. The required data is collected using questionnaire which is then processed with SPSS software and confirmatory factor analysis method. The suitability of data for factor analysis is investigated with KMO and Bartlett's sphericity tests and then components (factors) and subcomponents (items) are obtained with the help of Scree test. The results of analyses on the factors associated with the construction and operation of solar water heaters indicate that environmental issues have direct effect on the use of solar water heater and the effects of other factors are indirect. Also, according to the results, financial support of the government has the biggest effect on implementation of SWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates feasibility of establishing hybrid photovoltaic-wind power plant to generate electricity and then hydrogen using Homer software for city of Hendijan in the Southwest of Iran. The findings shows that the city is capable of generating 3153762 kWh of electricity for a Photovoltaic-wind power hybrid system annually, and then produce 31680 kg of hydrogen for constructing a hybrid system consisting of: wind turbine of GE 1.5sl model, a 4-kilowatt photovoltaic system, and a 100 kg hydrogen tank. It is concluded that establishment of hybrid plant in this location is economically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays depletion of fossil fuel resources and air pollution are the two most concerning issues that human is facing with because of increasing demands and consumption. These reasons make renewable and green energies such as wind and solar an attractive source of energy in world. The current study is an investigation research to estimate wind and solar energy potential in different cities of Fars province in Iran. Afterward is attempted to prioritize the places for hybrid solar-wind constructions. For this purpose 4 main criteria including economic condition, social condition, geological condition and natural disasters which each criterion has sub-criteria were investigated. Wind power density and solar irradiation are the most important criteria and are estimated by the Weibull distribution function and Angstrom-Prescott equation, respectively. After calculating the amount of wind and solar energy by using long-term 3-hourly data, results showed that Eghlid and Estahban have the highest amount of wind power and solar energy, respectively. FTOPSIS is used for ranking the cities and AHP, ELECTREE III, WSM, MAPPAC and DEA are applied to validate the results. According to results, the best city for establishing hybrid windsolar site is Eghlid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing wind turbines to produce electricity has been increasing in recent years, due to technology advancement, global warming and environmental pollution. Identification of the most suitable place for harnessing wind energy is enormously important, so effective criteria must be considered. This study is aimed to prioritize different cities of Fars province for establishment wind farm facilities. In order to this purpose six major criteria including wind power density, topographic situation, distance to distribution net, population, land cost and natural disasters were investigated. Wind power as the foremost criterion, that a candidate site must have, is the high degree of continues and persistent windiness. The Weibull distribution function has been applied to estimate the wind power density by using 3-h wind speed and other meteorological data. The function's results indicated that Izadkhast has the most value of wind power with amount of 166.64 W/m². Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Andersen-Petersen (AP) were used to rank the under study areas. FTOPSIS and AHP were applied for validating calculated results. Finally it is suggested that Izadkhast is the best city for wind-hydrogen conversion constructions. About 21.9 ton hydrogen will be produced per year by using a 900 kW wind turbine in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]