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Since 2010, the Chinese economy has transitioned from a high-speed growth model to a high-quality development model. During this period, the logistics industry has witnessed rapid growth, leading to significant carbon emissions and posing severe threats to the ecological environment. To investigate the spatiotemporal variations in carbon emissions in China's logistics industry, we conducted a correlation analysis using Moran's I index and a bivariate spatial autocorrelation model from 2010 to 2021. Additionally, we employed a geographically and temporally weighted regression model （GTWR） to examine the spatial heterogeneity of factors influencing provincial-level logistics-related carbon emissions. The results indicated that over the study period, there was a shift from insignificant spatial relationships to significant positive spatial correlations among provincial-level logistics carbon emissions in China. Furthermore, varying degrees of spatial clustering were observed. The findings regarding factor heterogeneity revealed that freight turnover volume, per capita GDP of the logistics industry, and infrastructure level exhibited positive spatial correlations with logistics-related carbon emissions, whereas energy intensity showed negative spatial correlations with such emissions. Comparing the results from the geographically weighted regression （GWR） and ordinary least squares regression （OLS）, it was evident that the adjusted R-squared values for the OLS, GWR, and GTWR models were 0.541, 0.567, and 0.838, respectively. This suggests that our adopted GTWR model provided a superior fit and offered better explanations for spatiotemporal heterogeneity between various influencing factors and logistics-related carbon emissions. These research findings can serve as valuable references for formulating province-specific strategies to reduce carbon emissions within China's economy under its high-quality development context.

Plutella xylostella is a typical phototactic pest. LW-opsin contributes to the phototaxis of P. xylostella , but the expression changes of other genes in the phototransduction pathway caused by the mutation of LW-opsin remain unknown. In the study, the head transcriptomes of male G88 and LW-opsin mutants were compared. A GO-function annotation showed that DEGs mainly belonged to the categories of molecular functions, biological processes, and cell composition. Additionally, a KEGG-pathway analysis suggested that DEGs were significantly enriched in some classical pathways, such as the phototransduction-fly and vitamin digestion and absorption pathways. The mRNA expressions of genes in the phototransduction-fly pathway, such as Gq , ninaC, and rdgC were significantly up-regulated, and trp , trpl , inaD , cry1 , ninaA and arr1 were significantly down-regulated. The expression trends of nine DEGs in the phototransduction pathway confirmed by a RT-qPCR were consistent with transcriptomic data. In addition, the influence of a cry1 mutation on the phototaxis of P. xylostella was examined, and the results showed that the male cry1 mutant exhibited higher phototactic rates to UV and blue lights than the male G88. Our results indicated that the LW-opsin mutation changed the expression of genes in the phototransduction pathway, and the mutation of cry1 enhanced the phototaxis of a P. xylostella male, providing a basis for further investigation on the phototransduction pathway in P. xylostella .

Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening disease, has complex and variable symptoms, making its diagnosis almost entirely reliant on subjective experience, which results in a low diagnosis efficiency. To overcome this problem, we constructed and validated a deep learning (DL)-based method for detecting citrus HLB using YOLOv5l from digital images. Three models (Yolov5l-HLB1, Yolov5l-HLB2, and Yolov5l-HLB3) were developed using images of healthy and symptomatic citrus leaves acquired under a range of imaging conditions. The micro F1-scores of the Yolov5l-HLB2 model (85.19%) recognising five HLB symptoms (blotchy mottling, "red-nose" fruits, zinc-deficiency, vein yellowing, and uniform yellowing) in the images were higher than those of the other two models. The generalisation performance of Yolov5l-HLB2 was tested using test set images acquired under two photographic conditions (conditions B and C) that were different from that of the model training set condition (condition A). The results suggested that this model performed well at recognising the five HLB symptom images acquired under both conditions B and C, and yielded a micro F1-score of 84.64% and 85.84%, respectively. In addition, the detection performance of the Yolov5l-HLB2 model was better for experienced users than for inexperienced users. The PCR-positive rate of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) detection (the causative pathogen for HLB) in the samples with five HLB symptoms as classified using the Yolov5l-HLB2 model was also compared with manual classification by experts. This indicated that the model can be employed as a preliminary screening tool before the collection of field samples for subsequent PCR testing. We also developed the 'HLBdetector' app using the Yolov5l-HLB2 model, which allows farmers to complete HLB detection in seconds with only a mobile phone terminal and without expert guidance. Overall, we successfully constructed a reliable automatic HLB identification model and developed the user-friendly 'HLBdetector' app, facilitating the prevention and timely control of HLB transmission in citrus orchards., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Qiu, Chen, Chi, Wang, Huang, Fan, Zhao and Weng.)

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Solanum nigrum L. (SN) is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-tumor effects, has been used in cancer for centuries, but the role on high-grade gliomas (HGG) is not clear., Aim of the Study: This work was to investigate the anti-tumor effects of SN extract on rat C6 glioma in vitro and in vivo, providing a new medium for the treatment of HGG., Materials and Methods: After identification and quality inspection of SN medicinal materials by HPLC-MS/MS and HPLC, CCK8 and colony formation assay were conducted to study the effects of SN on vitality and proliferation of C6 cells. Cell morphology was evaluated by HE staining, and flow cytometry was used for apoptosis analysis. The effects on cell migration and invasion were determined by transwell and wound healing assay. Western blot was used to further investigate the influence of SN on migration, invasion and apoptosis of tumor cells. In addition, the rat intracranial transplanted tumor model was used to evaluate the effects of SN on growth and infiltration of tumor and proliferation of transplanted tumor cells., Results: SN extract suppressed the viability of C6 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The extract attenuated cell cloning, migration and invasion, and induced cell Annexin V + PI + late-stage apoptosis. Besides, SN induced the expression of apoptotic proteins including Bax and Cleaved Caspase-3, downregulated anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and decreased the level of migratory proteins MMP-2 and MMP-9. Moreover, SN reduced the growth and infiltration of C6 glioma tissue and suppressed the proliferation of tumor cells in rat brain., Conclusions: SN extract has significant inhibitory activity on the growth and invasion of C6 HGG in vivo and in vitro., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is an important member of the class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, which is involved in the proliferation of hematopoietic cells and lymphocytes. In recent years, increasing evidence have demonstrated that the activation and mutation of FLT3 is closely implicated in the occurrence and development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The exploration of small-molecule inhibitors targeting FLT3 has aroused wide interest of pharmaceutical chemists and is expected to bring new hope for AML therapy. In this review, we specifically highlighted FLT3 mediated JAK/STAT, RAS/MAPK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. The structural properties and biological activities of representative FLT3 inhibitors reported from 2014 to the present were also summarized. In addition, the major challenges in the current advance of novel FLT3 inhibitors were further analyzed, with the aim to guide future drug discovery.

Based on the field investigation data and the integration GIS spatial methods and geographical detector model, we analyzed the main and interactive effects of geographical and social environmental factors on the distribution of invasive plants in Fujian Province, China. The results showed that a total of 82 invasive plant species were recorded, with Compositae as the dominant family. Conyza canadensis, Ageratum conyzoides, and Alternanthera philoxeroides had the highest frequencies. There were more invasive species in coastal areas than in inland areas. Fuzhou and Xiamen were the hot areas for plant invaision. The invasive plants widely distributed at different altitudes, and the invasion reduced with the increasing altitude. The geographical detector analysis showed that rainfall as a natural environment factor and road density and people density as socio-economy factors were the major driving factors for the distribution of invasive plant species. The multi-factor interaction had a positive effect on the spatial distribution of invasive plants, implying the complexity of impact factors on the distribution of invasive plant species. In conclusion, the geographical detector could be used in the studies of invasive plants, and environmental factors could be also applied for monitoring the suitable establishment areas of invasive plants in Fujian Province. Our results provide a scientific basis for effective management of invasive plants.

A quasi-continuum (QC) method based on the embedded atom method (EAM) potential was employed to investigate the fatigue crack growth and expansion characteristics of single-crystal Fe and Ni under cyclic loading modes I and II. In particular, the crack growth and expansion characteristics of Fe and Ni under cyclic loading were evaluated in terms of atomic stress fields and force-distance curves. The simulation results indicated that under cyclic loading, the initially damaged area of the crack will coalesce again after compression or shear to the initial geometry leading to a strengthening of the material. If no coalescence appears, the crack spreads rapidly and the material breaks. Moreover, under the cyclic loading of shear at any orientation, the slip dislocation observed in the materials considerably affects the release of stress.

In this paper, γ-butyrolactone (GBL) solvent vapor post-annealing (SVPA) on CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 thin films is reported, aiming to improve the complete transformation of PbI 2 and increase the grain size of the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 crystal, thus boosting the performance of mesoporous CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The influence of GBL SVPA on the microstructure of perovskite layers and performance of PSCs was studied. The short circuit current density ( J sc ) of the devices significantly increased, yielding a high efficiency of 16.58%, which was 27.05% higher than that of thermally annealed films. A model was derived to explain the effect of GBL SVPA on PSCs. The perovskite films prepared by this method present several advantages such as complete transformation of PbI 2 to CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , high crystallinity, large grain size, and fewer grain boundaries than those prepared without GBL SVPA. This improvement is beneficial for charge dissociation and transport in hybrid photovoltaic devices., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The dynamic nanomechanical characteristics of Cu films with different grain boundaries under nanoindentation and scratch conditions were studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The type of grain boundary is the main factor in the control of the substrate atoms with respect to the size of dislocations since the existence of the grain boundary itself restricts the movement associated with dislocations. In this work, we analyzed the transverse and vertical grain boundaries for different angles. From the simulation results, it was found that the sample with a transverse grain boundary angle of 20° had a higher barrier effect on the slip band as compared to samples with other angles. Moreover, the nanoindentation results (i.e., indentation on the upper area) of the vertical grain boundary showed that the force was translated along the grain boundary, thereby producing intergranular fractures.

Despite the fact that five kinds of uranium nitrides, i.e., uranium mononitrides (UN, R3̅m and Fm3̅m), a uranium dinitride (UN 2 , Fm3̅m), and uranium sesquinitrides (α-U 2 N 3 , Ia3̅; β-U 2 N 3 ,P3̅m1), have been confirmed, until now the phase relations are not well understood because of the puzzling nonstoichiometric issue. This work reinvestigated the crystallographic structures of these phases using cluster formula theory. The principal clusters (cuboctahedron with six squares and eight triangles) in these phases were determined. N atoms can occupy either six octahedral sites (square face centers) or eight tetrahedral sites (formed by a center atom and a triangle) in the principal cluster of 13 U atoms, resulting in these diversified phases and the nonstoichiometric issue. Also, phase transformations at certain temperatures and pressures (from CaF 2 -type UN 2 to Mn 2 O 3 -type U 2 N 3 , from Mn 2 O 3 -type U 2 N 3 to NaCl-type UN, and from NaCl-type UN to HgIn-type UN) were deduced by tracking the bond and angle changes of a simplified cluster [U-U 6 N 6 ]. This investigation provides an in-depth understanding of the phase relations in a U-N system.

Acteoside is one kind of phenylethanoid glycoside, which has shown a lot of biological activities. This article reviewed the study progress of acteoside, such as distribution, preparation, identification, and bioactivities.

This article documents the results of a study on the perceptions of long-term elder care in Beijing in the People's Republic of China by those most intimately involved. The study asked a sample of elderly, family members, and health care professionals, all of whom are involved in care at a variety of long-term care facilities in Beijing, about their perceptions of the care given at these facilities from their particular standpoints as regards issues such as the quality and ideal location of care, decision-making regarding the care receiving, who should be responsible for the financing of care, and the meaning of dignity for the elderly in these facilities. The results showed adherence to traditional family values at least on one level regarding the ideal location of care being with the family and in the home, but also the desire to pass on financing of long-term care facilities and the health care they provide the elderly on to the government. These results are not altogether surprising, but they also clearly demonstrate the larger conflict between traditional views about morality and economic considerations regarding health care financing in the China.

This paper contrasts ethical approaches to sex selection in countries where discrimination against women is pervasive, resulting in selection against girl children, and in countries where there is less general discrimination and couples do not prefer children of either sex. National sex ratio imbalances where discrimination against women is common have resulted in laws and policies, such as in India and China, to deter and prevent sex selection. Birth ratios of children can be affected by techniques of prenatal sex determination and abortion, preconception sex selection and discarding disfavored embryos, and prefertilization sperm sorting, when disfavored sperm remain unused. Incentives for son preference are reviewed, and laws and policies to prevent sex selection are explained. The elimination of social, economic and other discrimination against women is urged to redress sex selection against girl children. Where there is no general selection against girl children, sex selection can be allowed to assist families that want children of both sexes.

My paper consists of three parts. In the first part I try to explain the intellectual basis of bioethics in developing countries. In the second part I describe the bioethical dilemmas facing these countries. In the third part I shall discuss the changes that have to be made in bioethics if it is to take root in these countries, and thereby help them to improve the human existence.

The bioethical dilemmas receiving the most attention in China now relate to the two ends of life: birth and death. On one end are issues relating to reproductive technology, especially birth control and family planning; at the other end is euthanasia... More research and discussion among people from various fields is needed. Progress will be made one step at a time, and I recommend that we proceed now to win acceptance of brain death criteria; to make clear the distinctions between passive and active euthanasia,...to encourage the use of living wills; and to protect the interests of newborns who are not terminally ill, including those with mild defects. In the changing context of modernization, in which different and even incompatible value systems must coexist, it is best for us to approach the ethical dilemmas facing us with mutual respect and understanding.

This paper reviews the practice of late abortion in China and summarizes the arguments for morally justifying the 'one couple, one child' policy.

The Chinese public medical care system was established after the 1949 revolution. However, there is no necessary connection between Marxism and the public medical care system; and although the current system may be reasonable from an historical point of view, it can no longer be justified ethically as an all-embracing medical system, since it does not provide equitable health care for the people.