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Sepsis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality and a major cause of acute lung injury (ALI). carried by exosomes play a role in a variety of diseases. However,there are not many studies of exosomal miRNAs in sepsis and sepsis lung injury.miR-1298-5p and suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 (SOCS6) were silenced or overexpressed in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). PKH-67 Dye was used to trace exosome endocytosis. Cell permeability was evaluated by measuring trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FITC dextran flux. ELISA kits were used for cytokine detection. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blots were used to evaluate gene expression. miR-1298-5p was elevated in exosomes from patients with sepsis lung injury (Sepsis_exo). Treatment of BEAS-2B cells using Sepsis_exo significantly inhibited cell proliferation, and induced cell permeability and inflammatory response. miR-1298-5p directly targeted SOCS6. Overexpressing SOCS6 reversed miR-1298-5p-induced cell permeability and inflammatory response. Inhibition of STAT3 blocked SOCS6-silencing caused significant increase of cell permeability and inflammation. Exosomes isolated from patients of sepsis lung injury increased cell permeability and inflammatory response in BEAS-2B cells through exosomal miR-1298-5p which targeted SOCS6 via STAT3 pathway. The findings highlight the importance of miR-1298-5p/SOCS6/STAT3 axis in sepsis lung injury and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for sepsis lung injury.

It has been previously reported that human embryonic fibroblasts and mouse embryonic fibroblasts can be converted into neuronal cells using chemical agents, along with forced expression specific transcriptional factors. However, the materials required for reprogramming in these approaches presents major technical difficulties and safety concerns. The current study investigated whether a cocktail of small molecules can convert human lung fibroblast cells into neurons. The small molecules valproic acid, CHIR99021, DMH1, Repsox, forskolin, Y‑27632 and SP600125 (VCHRFYS) were used to induce MRC‑5 cells into neuronal cells in vitro. Neuronal markers were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The gene profiles were analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MRC‑5 is a human lung fibroblast cell line derived from normal lung tissue of a 14‑week‑old male fetus. The results of the current study demonstrated that MRC‑5 fibroblasts can be directly converted into neuronal cells using a cocktail of seven small molecules (VCHRFYS), with a yield of ~90% Tuj1‑positive cells after 7 days of induction. Following a further maturation period, these chemically-induced neurons possessed neuronal morphology and expressed multiple neuron‑specific genes. In conclusion, a cocktail of small molecules that can convert fibroblasts MRC‑5 cells into functional neurons without the exogenous genetic factors was identified, which has the potential to be useful in neurological disease therapy.

On the basis of a non-associated flow rule and the upper bound theorem for limit analysis, the expression of surrounding rock pressure on shallow tunnels was derived by constructing a simple failure pattern. Strength reduction technique was applied to study the stability of shallow tunnels under certain levels of surrounding rock pressure; this analysis was based on the internal consumption and external energy conservation principle. The optimized upper bound solutions of surrounding rock pressure and the safety factor for shallow tunnels were obtained by nonlinear optimization methods. Results show that the dilatancy of geomaterials and the lateral pressure coefficient of surrounding rock significantly affect the surrounding rock pressure and stability of shallow tunnels. Furthermore, the lateral pressure coefficient is an important factor in relation to the stability of such tunnels.

With the quickly development of fiber communication, PMD(Polarization mode dispersion) has became one of the key factor which limit high-bit rate system performance. In 1986, C.D.Poole[1] and other people found that if do not consider loss of SOP, two upright PSP will change along certain length SMF. In 1987, D.Andresciani and N.S.Bergano validate the theory of C.D.Poole each either. Late ninety of last century, statistical theory forming[2]. In the paper, we discuss the study of PMD, including statistics of PMD, measure technology, the affect of system by PMD, and PMD Compensation Method.

Purpose To further improve the effectiveness and prognosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), the current status of treatment for HCC with PVTT was reviewed. Methods A Medline search was undertaken to identify articles using the keywords "HCC", "PVTT" and "therapy". Additional papers were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles. Results PVTT, as a common complication of HCC, was divided into type I ∼ IV. The therapeutic approach is mainly composed of five types: surgical resection, regional interventional therapy, radiotherapy, combination therapy, targeted therapy. All of these therapeutic approaches were separately evaluated in detail. Conclusions For those resectable tumors, the better choice for treatment of HCC with PVTT should be hepatectomy and removal of PVTT. For those unresectable tumors, TACE (especially the super-selective TACE) has been the preferred palliative treatment, the other regional interventional therapy and/or radiotherapy could improve the therapeutic effects. The multidisciplinary treatments may further improve the quality of life and prolong the survival period for the HCC patients associated with PVTT.