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Small intestine adenocarcinoma (SIA) is a scant disease that has no adequate clinical trials, so its prognostic factors are still unclear, especially in elderly patients. In this article, we aimed to explore the clinicopathology presentation, treatments, outcomes, and predictors of small intestine adenocarcinoma patients aged 65 years or older.We retrieved clinicopathology data of small intestine adenocarcinoma patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. We clarified patients into two groups: the surgery and the non-surgery group and conducted propensity score matching (PSM) to compare survival outcoming. We identified the prognostic indicators for cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) by the Cox proportional hazards model.In total, 1018 eligible cases were enrolled, with a median survival of 16 months; the 3-year OS and CSS rates were 36% and 41.7%, and the 5-year OS and CSS rates were 26.5% and 33.3%. Multivariate analyses revealed that age, grade, tumor stage, surgery, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for OS, while grade, tumor stage, surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy were independent factors for CSS. After PSM, only surgery and tumor stage (AJCC 6th) were independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS.Surgery could bring benefit to survival for elderly SIA patients, and the early stage of the disease was another significant prognostic factor.

Background Small intestine adenocarcinoma is a scant disease which has no adequate clinic trials, so its prognostic factors are still unclear especially in elderly patients. In this article, We aimed to explore the clinicopathology presentation, treatments, outcomes and predictors of small intestine adenocarcinoma patients who aged 65 years or older. Methods We retrieved clinicopathology data of small intestine adenocarcinoma patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. we clarified patients into two groups: surgery and non-surgery group, and conducted propensity score matching (PSM) to compare survival outcoming. We identified the prognostic indicators for cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) by Cox proportional hazards model. Results In total, 1018 eligible cases were enrolled, with a median survival of 16 months, the 3-year OS and CSS rates was 36% and 41.7%, and the 5-year OS and CSS rates was 26.5% and 33.3%. Multivariate analyses revealed that age, grade, tumor stage, surgery and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for OS, while grade, tumor stage, surgery, radiation and chemotherapy were independent factors for CSS. After PSM, only surgery and tumor stage(AJCC 6th) were independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS. Conclusion Surgery could bring benefit to survival for elderly SBA patients, and early stage of disease was another significant prognostic factor.

The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (TSPO/PBR) is highly conserved among different species but with perplexing biochemical functions. Multiple ligands of TSPO show commendable regulatory activities in lots of biological functions, such as neuro-protection, cholesterol transport, and so on. These researches support that TSPO may be a potential target for disease treatment and drug development. Previous studies have shown that its ligands benzodiazepines show a satisfactory effect on melanogenic promotion. However, the potential application of TSPO in drug development for pigmentary disorder needs further investigation. In this study, we confirmed the melanogenesis induction of TSPO ligand, Ro5-4864 in mouse melanoma cell lines, human skin tissue, and zebrafish embryos by inducing melanin synthesis and melanosome transport. Molecular genetics and pharmacological studies showed that TSPO deficiency did not affect melanin production in B16F10 cells and zebrafish embryos, nor did it affect the melanin promotion effect of Ro5-4864. Whether or not TSPO exists, the expression of lots of melanogenesis-related proteins, such as TYR, TRP-1, DCT, Mlph, and Rab27 was upregulated with the Ro5-4864 administration. These results indicated that Ro5-4864 induces melanogenesis in a TSPO-independent manner, which is inconsistent with previous research. This research is a reminder that we need to be very careful during target validation in drug development.

It is rare that colon carcinoma and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) occur one after another in intestines. We found two malignancies of sigmoid carcinoma and MCL in a single patient, who had initially been diagnosed with sigmoid carcinoma and treated with radical resection in our hospital. Good postoperative recovery was reported without recurrence signs, which lasted for 7 years and 5 months until polyps of sigmoid colon were found by colonoscopy. Biopsy and immunohistochemistry revealed MCL, but the patient refused treatment. One year later, MCL was diagnosed again in the transverse colon. The patient is currently under observation and has not received treatment for MCL.

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The present study investigated acute and subchronic toxicity and safety pharmacology of modified pulsatilla granules (MPG) to provide a basis for a comprehensive understanding of MPG toxicity. The results of acute toxicity testing showed that the median lethal dose of MPG was more than 5000 mg kg−1, suggesting that MPG was considered as practically non-toxic. The subchronic toxicity study for 30 days was conducted by daily oral administration at doses of 375, 750 and 1 500 mg kg−1 in Sprague-Dawley rats. The results of subchronic toxicity study showed that the body weight and relative organ weight were not significantly changed by administration of MPG. The clinical chemistry study showed that MPG could induce kidney and liver damages. In histopathological, mild lesions in liver and kidney were also observed, suggesting that the liver and kidney might be potential target organs of MPG. In the safety pharmacology study, MPG did not exhibited any side effects to rats in cardiovascular system, respiratory system and central nervous system. These results suggested that MPG could be considered safe for veterinary use.

Discovering anticancer drugs that do not have adverse side effects has been a developing research field worldwide in recent decades. In this work, four previously undescribed cytotoxic diterpenoids were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon excisoides. Interestingly, these four diterpenoids were two pairs of tautomers that were first reported in plants. Their structures were further elucidated using various spectroscopic methods. The tautomerization phenomenon and mechanism for these two pairs of tautomers were emphatically described. The theoretical simulation results indicated that the diterpene tautomerization is greatly related to certain factors, including the existence of a transition state, the change of bond length and the level of conversion energy; the tautomerization for the two pairs of tautomers is mainly caused by proton transfer. For bioassays, the cytotoxicities of the tautomers against five human cancer cell lines were also investigated. The results indicated that each of the four diterpenoids showed significant cytotoxicity in at least three cell lines and could serve as potential anticancer agents for further investigation.

TiO2/NCCN nanocomposites have been prepared by sol-gel and hydrothermal methods. Firstly, the NCCN was prepared by electrospinning technology, then the amorphous TiO2films were coated on the surface of the NCCN by a sol-gel method, and TiO2(anatase structure) nanoparticles could be fixed on the surface of NCCN by a hydrothermal method to get higher photocatalysis efficiency. The photocatalytic activities indicate that the TiO2/NCCN nanocomposites exhibited a good photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of methylthionine chloride (MO) solution under UV light irradiation, leading to an important application in photodegradation of organic pollutant.

Recent findings that human serum contains stably expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) have revealed a great potential of serum miRNA signature as disease fingerprints to diagnosis. Here we used genome-wide serum miRNA expression analysis to investigate the value of serum miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing followed by individual quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays was used to test the difference in levels of serum miRNAs between 50 AD patients and 50 controls in the screening stages. The detected serum miRNAs then were validated by qRT-PCR in 158 patients and 155 controls. MiR-98-5p, miR-885-5p, miR-483-3p, miR-342-3p, miR-191-5p, and miR-let-7d-5p displayed significantly different expression levels in AD patients compared with controls. Among the 6 miRNAs, miR-342-3p has the best sensitivity (81.5%) and specificity (70.1%) and was correlated to Mini-Mental State Examination score. This study identified six serum miRNAs that distinguish AD patients from healthy controls with high sensitivity and specificity. Serum miRNA panel (or miR-342-3p alone) may serve as a novel, noninvasive biomarker for AD.

By discussing the application of statistical process control technology in the print and package industry, we have been in control of the productive process, for focusing on the heat-seal intensity index of sauce package products, and utilized instability of the control chart discovering the instable in the process , to realize the pre-alarm function. The management makes the process update constantly, and enhances the process capability.

Genetic factors play an important role in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) development and memory impairment is a cardinal clinical feature of AD. Kidney and brain expressed protein (KIBRA), owing to its connection with human episodic memory, became an interesting candidate gene for AD. Recently, KIBRA (rs17070145) was reported to be associated with AD in the genetic and functional levels in Caucasian and African-American, and the association might be different across age groups. To investigate the possibility of age-dependent association of KIBRA with AD in Asian, we conducted an independent replication study in a cohort of 1,586 subjects from Han Chinese (including 790 LOAD patients and 796 healthy controls). The results revealed no significant differences in the distributions of genotype or allele between LOAD and control groups in the total sample. However, when these data were stratified by their age, we observed a significant difference in the genotypes and alleles frequencies (genotype: p = 0.004, allele: p = 0.035) in the young subgroup. Moreover, the association was further demonstrated in logistic regression analysis (rs17070145: p = 0.045, OR = 0.428). Our data suggested that KIBRA might associate with younger AD patients (≤74 years) in a Northern Han Chinese population.

The composite TiO2/natural cotton nanofiber materials were prepared by electrospinning and RF magnetron sputtering. TiO2/cotton cellulose composite nanofibers were characterized by the SEMTEM and IR , Results show that the deposited TiO2 film consists of particles uniform in size (510 nm) ,the possibility of mechanism for the growing of TiO2 is proposed.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early defect in the pathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). One interesting candidate gene for mitochondrial dysfunction in LOAD is the translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (TOMM40) gene. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within TOMM40 have been shown to affect susceptibility to LOAD in Caucasians, while there are no studies on the association of the polymorphisms with LOAD risk in Han Chinese. Here, the association of TOMM40 polymorphisms in LOAD was investigated in a large Northern Han Chinese cohort consisting of 1,578 individuals. Both allelic and genotypic associations of three SNPs (rs157580, rs2075650, and rs11556505) with LOAD risk were observed in the total sample as well as in the non- APOE ε4 carriers. For rs1160985, the allele and genotype frequencies differed significantly only in APOE ε4 carriers. After adjustment for age, gender, and APOE ε4 status, the association remained statistically significant only for the rs157580 but not for rs2075650 and rs11556505. In contrast, the rs1160985 exhibited significant risk effect after adjustment. In addition, haplotype analysis confirmed that the haplotypes derived from SNPs in rs2075650, rs11556505, and rs1160985 were associated with either risk or protective effects. In summary, our findings suggest that the TOMM40 polymorphisms may play a role in the pathogenesis of LOAD in Han Chinese.

Sortilin-related VPS domain containing receptor 1 (SORCS1), is located on chromosome 10q23.3, a chromosomal region of interest in Alzheimer's disease (AD) defined by many genome-wide and chromosome10-specific studies. Recently, three intronic variants (rs12571141, rs17277986 and rs6584777) within SORCS1 were reported to be associated with AD in Caucasian. In order to assess the involvement of the SORCS1 polymorphisms in the progression of late-onset AD (LOAD), we conducted an independent replication study in 1198 unrelated Northern Han Chinese subjects comprising 598 LOAD patients and 600 healthy controls matched for gender and age. The results revealed no significant differences in the distributions of genotype or allele between LOAD and control groups in the total sample. However, when these data were stratified by the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 status, we observed significant differences in the genotypes and allele frequencies (rs12571141: P = 0.001, rs17277986: P = 0.005, rs6584777: P = 0.023) in APOE e4 allele carriers. Moreover, the association was further demonstrated in logistic regression analysis (rs12571141: P = 0.002, OR = 0.424; rs17277986: P = 0.004, OR = 0.447; rs6584777: P = 0.019, OR = 0.523) and haplotype analysis (GCC: P = 0.002, ATT: P = 0.002, ACC: P = 0.025) in this subset. Our data suggested that SORCS1 was in interaction with APOE in the development of LOAD in a Northern Han Chinese population.

We conducted a replication study of the 2 genetic variants, rs11754661 and rs2073067, in MTHFD1L that have been recently reported to be associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in a genome-wide study in Caucasians. The associations were evaluated in a case-control sample comprising 1,189 Northern Han-Chinese individuals. The rs11754661 polymorphism is associated with LOAD (OR = 1.727; p = 0.016). For rs2073067, LOAD association was found only in APOEe4 carriers (OR = 0.400; p < 0.001). Haplotype analysis revealed the "AC" haplotype increased the risk of developing LOAD (OR = 1.730; p = 0.015). Our findings support a role of MTHFD1L gene in LOAD.

Using oleic acid as stabilizer, the monodisperse Co–Ni–Cu amorphous alloys nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of CuSO4·5H2O, NiCl2·6H2O and CoCl2·6H2O with KBH4 in positive microemulsion (hexane/sodium oleate/water) system. All results show that the as-synthesized spherical particles are air-stable amorphous alloy nanoparticles in room temperature with the size of 4–7 nm in narrow deviation, and are coated by oleic acid. These amorphous alloy nanoparticles have unique soft magnetic property with small coercivity (Hc) of 7.94 Oe for CuNi, 37.65 Oe for CoCu, 42.17 Oe for CoNiCu and 65.09 Oe for CoNi, respectively. After annealed at 923 K for 0.5 h, the Hc of CuNi, CoCu, CoNiCu and CoNi increased significantly to 46.7, 370.04, 337.4 and 305.5 Oe, respectively. It corresponds to the crystallization of amorphous alloy nanoparticles.

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs of 21–25 nucleotides that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expressions. Recently, circulating miRNAs have been reported as promising biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders and processes affecting the central nervous system. This study was conducted to investigate the potential role of serum miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Serum samples were obtained from 105 probable AD patients and 150 age- and gender-matched normal controls. The serum concentrations of miRNAs miR-9, miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-101, miR-125b, and miR-181c were measured with a real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) method. Results We found both miR-125b and miR-181c were down-regulated while miR-9 was up-regulated in serum of AD patients compared with that of normal controls. Among the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) results, miR-125b alone showed its priority with a specificity up to 68.3% and a sensitivity of 80.8%. Importantly, miR-125b was correlated with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) in AD patients. Conclusions Our results indicate that serum miR-125b may serve as a useful noninvasive biomarker for AD.

Monoclonal antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen and common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen were bound to second antibody-coated magnetic microspheres. These specific antibody/bead complexes were then used to directly isolate purified epithelial and myoepithelial cells from normal breast organoid cell preparations by magnetic separation. Near homogeneous cell populations were selected with yields of 10-20 × 10 6 epithelial and myoepithelial cells per organoid preparation. Repeated purification steps allowed almost complete depletion of myoepithelial cells for RNA studies. Tissue culture of separated cell populations in appropriate defined media further ensured purity of cell type and was unimpeded by Dynabead attachment.

In this paper, we propose a unified and analytical approach to evaluate both interference and system performance over generalized fading channels. The analytical solution proposed is quite general, applicable to envelop and power statistics, aggregate interference of arbitrary input and signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), distributions and higher order statistics, interference and system performance over generalized fading channels including simple fading channels and composed fading channels. What enables the unification of the approach is the algebra and statistic merits of Fox's H function and distribution. Finally, the unified approach is well tested and verified by Monte Carlo simulations with controllable errors.

Both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are a class of neurodegenerative diseases associated with the pathologic aggregation of tau protein in the human brain. They share some clinical and pathologic characteristics. A recent genome-wide association study reported several single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the STX6, MOBP, MAPT, and EIF2AK3 in association with PSP. To explore whether these single-nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with AD risk, we conducted a case-control study to investigate the PSP-associated loci in 1592 Han Chinese subjects. Rs242557 at the MAPT locus was associated with late-onset AD (LOAD) (odds ratio [OR], 1.175; p = 0.026), which appeared to be stronger for LOAD patients with apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele (OR, 1.510), and this positive association was not changed after adjusting for age, sex, and the APOE e4-carrier status (additive model: OR, 1.163; p = 0.036; dominant model: OR, 1.315; p = 0.010). Rs1768208 in MOBP and rs7571971 in EIF2AK3 showed association only in the APOE e4 positive subjects, and these did not appear to be independent of APOE. As for rs1411478 in STX6, we did not explore any association with LOAD. Our exploratory analysis mainly suggests an association of MAPT with LOAD, especially in APOE e4 carriers. Genotypes at MOBP and EIF2AK3 confer risk predominantly in APOE e4-positive subjects, with indications of an interaction between APOE and MOBP or EIF2AK3 on AD risk.

Objective Five genomewide association studies (GWAS) in white populations have recently identified and confirmed 9 novel Alzheimer's disease (AD) susceptibility loci ( CLU , CR1 , PICALM, BIN1 , ABCA7 , MS4A gene cluster, CD2AP , CD33, and EPHA1 ). These studies have been conducted almost exclusively in white populations and it is unclear whether these observations generalize to populations with different ethnicities. Methods We recruited 1224 unrelated northern Han Chinese subjects comprising 612 patients with a clinical diagnosis of late-onset AD (LOAD) according to the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association and 612 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects. Because of our previous study investigating CLU, CR1, and PICALM in the Han population, we limited the current analysis to BIN1 , ABCA7 , MS4A gene cluster, CD2AP , CD33 , and EPHA1 . Results In a multivariate analysis, associations of MS4A6A (rs610932; odds ratio=0.632, Bonferroni corrected P = .019) and CD33 (rs3865444; odds ratio=1.492, Bonferroni corrected P = .017) with LOAD were replicated successfully. When these data were stratified by apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) e4 status, both rs610932 and rs610932 were evident only among subjects without the APOE e4 allele. For BIN1 , assuming a dominant model of inheritance, a positive association for rs7561528 in APOE e4 carriers was observed. This association, however, did not remain significant after Bonferroni correction. As for ABCA7 , CD2AP, and EPHA1 single nucleotide polymorphisms from recent GWAS, despite the similar directional effects, no significant differences in genotype and estimated allele frequency distribution between patients and control subjects were observed. Conclusions This study provides the first independent evidence that MS4A and CD33 loci are associated with the risk of LOAD in northern Han Chinese population. Genotypes at the two loci confer risk predominantly in APOE e4-negative subjects.

Frequency planning of wireless system is the ubiquitous and urgent key problem due to limited frequency spectrum. This paper presents a frequency planning method according to the characteristics of GSM-R. Rough Sets (RS) theory and Grey Clustering (GC) theory are applied in frequency planning and the factors that affect on frequency planning and their proper thresholds are discussed. Then, the optimal plan is given by means of the GC assessment. Moreover, we compare different frequency planning methods by simulations. Finally, the derivation and simulation results show that the frequency planning based on RS and GC theory is more precise than other algorithms.

Cognitive radio (CR) is a newly emerging technology proposed to improve the spectrum utilization. The interferencetolerant scenario is considered that the interfering secondary (unlicensed) terminals are spatially Poisson distributed and secondary terminals are not allowed to transmit within the interference region of primary (licensed) network. In this paper, two methods are proposed by extending and modifying the model presented in literature to analyze the outage in cognitive radio network. Instead of signal to interference ratio (SIR), interference to primary ratio (IPR) is introduced as a criterion according to the endowment of characteristic function and Laplace transform for convenience of calculation. Finally, the outage of cognitive radio network is obtained by using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) or inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operation. The conclusion provided is more flexible, which includes parameters of primary network, secondary network and coexistent system. The numerical results show that the two methods proposed have similar performance and the effect when system changes parameters. But IPR and Laplace transform are more appropriate than SIR and characteristic function in the outage analysis of cognitive radio network.

The SON gene, which maps to human chromosome 21q22.1–q22.2, encodes a novel regulatory protein. Here we describe the organization of the Son locus in the mouse genome. The mouse Son gene spans a region of approximately 35 kb. The coding region is more than 8 kb in length and has been completely sequenced. The gene is organized into 11 coding exons and 1 noncoding 3′UTR exon, with over 70% of the coding region residing in one 5.7-kb exon. The gene contains at least one alternative exon, N/C exon 1, which can be used, by splicing, to generate a truncated form of the SON protein. Further investigation of the mouse Son locus has identified the genes directly flanking Son. The glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase gene, Gart, is encoded 5′ of Son in a head-to-head arrangement, with the start of both genes lying within 899 bp. Sequence comparison with the expressed sequence tagged database identified a novel gene within 65 bp of the 3′ end of Son, which we have named Donson. In this unusually compact gene cluster, we have found overlap in the pattern of expression between Gart, Son, and Donson. However, at least two of these genes have very different functions. While GART is involved in purine biosynthesis, we find that SON shows the characteristics of “SR- type” proteins, which are involved in mRNA processing and gene expression.

Data concerning the blood selenium level and its relation to the mortality from lung cancer are reported. There were 353 samples of blood collected from workers at the Yannan Tin Mine (Yun-Xi) and 75 samples from Beijing residents for comparison. An inverse correlation between blood selenium levels and lung cancer mortalities was observed. The average selenium concentration in whole blood from Beijing residents (age-adjusted mortality rate from lung cancer for males: 12/100,000) and Yun-Xi miners (age-adjusted mortalty from lung cancer for males: 108/100,000) were 12.3 and 8.8 μg/100 mL, respectively. A similar inverse correlation was also observed among young people of comparable sex and age groups. In Yun-Xi, the tin miners working underground with an average lung cancer death rate of 250/100, 000 for males had lower blood selenium concentrations than those working above ground, where the average lung cancer death rate for males was 42/100,000. Workers frequently exposed to arsenic exhibited lower blood selenium contents. Selenium levels in the blood of patients with lung cancer were lower (6.2 μg/100 mL) than those of healthy controls.