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Objective To study the efficacy of oral administration of rifampicin combined with ultrasound-guided puncture for granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM). Methods From January 2017 and January 2019，10 GLM patients with median age of 34 years confirmed by pathology were included in this study and treated with oral administration of rifampicin, 300 mg twice daily for a period of 9 months, combined with ultrasound-guided puncture. The symptoms and ultrasound manifestations of GLM patients were investigated at 3, 6, 9, 12 months, respectively. Results All patients had a history of breast feeding and manifestation of acute stages of breast infection, 5 cases with breast abscess. After 12 months therapy, the symptoms disappeared in all patients with normal ultrasonic manifestation and no patient relapsed. Conclusions Oral administration of rifampicin combined with ultrasound-guided puncture could be effective in the treatment of GLM patients.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the comprehensive treatment strategy for internal carotid artery blowout syndrome (CBS) by nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: Of the 311 patients of NPC with carotid artery blowout syndrome admitted at our center from April 2018 to August 2022, 288 were enrolled. Results: The patients were divided into two groups: treatment group (266 cases) and control group (22 cases). After comprehensive treatment, the survival rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group, especially within 6 months to the 1 year. Preventive intervention for CBS I type may have considerable benefits. And in the long run, this treatment strategy did not significantly increase the incidence of stroke in the treatment group. Conclusion: The comprehensive treatment strategy for ICA‐CBS of patients with NPC significantly reduced the mortality of asphyxia due to epistaxis, reduced the incidence of CBS during nasal endoscopy, and finally improved survival rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main clinical treatments for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma is chemotherapy, but systemic administration can cause serious adverse reactions. New type of nanomaterial which can actively targeting, imaging, and treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma at the same time to enhance the effect of chemotherapy, meanwhile monitoring the intracellular drug release process at the level of single cancer cell was urgently needed. GE11, an EGFR antagonist peptide, was used to target nasopharyngeal carcinoma which has positive expression of EGFR on its nucleus. GE11‐modified graphene quantum dots (GQDs@GE11) were used as drug carriers for clinical chemotherapeutics cisplatin (CDDP) and doxorubicin (DOX). The emission spectrum of GQDs (460 nm) and the excitation spectrum of DOX (470 nm) have a good overlap, thus the transfer and release process of DOX can be sensitively detected by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). CDDP was used to enhance the chemotherapy effect of nanoprobe, and the loading amount of DOX and CDDP on GQDs@GE11 nanoprobe were up to 67 and 50 mg/g, respectively. In vivo experiments have confirmed that GQDs@GE11/CDDP/DOX nanoprobe can be enriched to tumor site through specific targeting effect, and significantly inhibit tumor cell proliferation. This new type of targeted therapy fluorescent probe provides new ideas for the study of drug release process and the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives/Hypothesis: To create a new strategy for monitoring pediatric otitis media (OM), we developed a brief, reliable, and objective method for automated classification using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with images from otoscope. Study Design: Prospective study. Methods: An otoscopic image classifier for pediatric OM was built upon the idea of deep learning and transfer learning using the two most widely used CNN architectures named Xception and MobileNet‐V2. Otoscopic images, including acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME), and normal ears were obtained from our institution. Among qualified otoendoscopic images, 10,703 images were used for training, and 1,500 images were used for testing. In addition, 102 images captured by smartphone with WI‐FI connected otoscope were used as a prospective test set to evaluate the model for home screening and monitoring. Results: For all diagnoses combined in the test set, the Xception model and the MobileNet‐V2 model had similar overall accuracies of 97.45% (95% CI 96.81%–97.94%) and 95.72% (95% CI 95.12%–96.16%). The overall accuracies of two models with smartphone images were 90.66% (95% CI 90.21%–90.98%) and 88.56% (95% CI 87.86%–90.05%). The class activation map results showed that the extracted features of smartphone images were the same as those of otoendoscopic images. Conclusions: We have developed deep learning algorithms for the successfully automated classification of pediatric AOM and OME with otoscopic images. With a smartphone‐enabled wireless otoscope, artificial intelligence may assist parents in early detection and continuous monitoring at home to decrease the visit frequencies. Level of Evidence: NA Laryngoscope, 131:E2344–E2351, 2021 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Motile cilia impairment is a common condition in patients with chronically inflamed airways, such as is seen in nasal polyps (NPs). The mechanism underlying this pathogenic condition is complex and not fully understood.Methods: We investigated the presence and localization of dynein axonemal heavy chain 5 (DNAH5) in motile cilia using immunofluorescence staining in paraffin-embedded nasal biopsies from NPs (n = 120) and inferior turbinate mucosa (n = 35) of healthy controls. We also performed single-cell staining on cytospin samples (NP = 5, control = 5). Three patterns of DNAH5 localization are defined, including pattern A (presence throughout the axoneme), pattern B (undetectable in the distal part of the axoneme), and pattern C (completely missing throughout the entire axoneme). We developed a semiquantitative scoring system for which 0 = (pattern A > 70%); 1 = (patterns A + B > 70%); and 2 = (pattern C ≥ 30%) in each high-power field (5 fields per sample).Results: Based on our DNAH5 scoring system, the median (1st and 3rd quartile) score was 0.3 (0.2 and 0.4) for samples from controls, and 1.1 (0.6 and 1.6) for samples from NPs in paraffin specimens (P < 0.001). The DNAH5 score had a significant positive relationship with the Lund-Mackay computed tomography score (r = 0.329, P = 0.005) and was higher in patients with eosinophilic NPs (P = 0.006). For cytospin samples, the mean percentage of patterns A, B, and C were 74%, 14%, and 12% in controls, and 48%, 20%, and 32% in NPs, respectively.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the absence or mislocalization of DNAH5 from motile cilia is a common and potentially important pathological phenomenon in chronically inflamed airway epithelium.Level Of Evidence: NA. Laryngoscope, 128:E97-E104, 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the effect of microcell hybrids on tumor growth in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Examination of the microcell fusion of a human chromosome in the renal cell carcinoma line; Development of smaller tumors at longer intervals of time; Elimination of the tumor antagonizing function.

Background: Squamous metaplasia (SM) is an irreversible form of airway epithelial remodeling. Hyperproliferation of basal cells was observed in squamous metaplastic epithelium of chronically inflamed airway. However, the association of such aberrant proliferation of basal cells with SM in the nasal epithelium after radiation damage remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate SM and accompanying levels of p63+Krt5+ (basal cell markers) cells in the nasal epithelium of patients with radiation-induced chronic rhinosinusitis (CRSr) and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) compared to healthy controls.Methods: We assessed the prevalence of SM and the expression of p63+, Krt5+, p63+Krt5+, and Ki67+ cells through immunofluorescence(IF) staining of the inferior turbinate (IT) tissues from patients with CRSr (n = 36), CRSsNP (n = 33) and controls (n = 28).Results: The prevalence of SM and the number of p63+Krt5+ cells were both significantly increased in patients with CRSr compared to patients with CRSsNP and controls. The number of Ki67+ cells were both significantly increased in patients with CRSr and CRSsNP compared to controls, but the ratio of Ki67+ cells to p63+Krt5+ cells was significantly lower in patients with CRSr compared to patients with CRSsNP. In patients with CRSr, an increased number of p63+Krt5+ basal cells was observed in SM epithelium compared to non-SM epithelium.Conclusion: SM is increased in the nasal epithelium of patients with CRSr, in which aberrant levels of p63+Krt5+ basal cells serves as an important pathologic feature in the squamous metaplastic epithelium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the rapid advancement of deep learning network technology, the application of facial recognition technology in the medical field has received increasing attention., Objective: This study aims to systematically review the literature of the past decade on facial recognition technology based on deep learning networks in the diagnosis of rare dysmorphic diseases and facial paralysis, among other conditions, to determine the effectiveness and applicability of this technology in disease identification., Methods: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for literature search and retrieved relevant literature from multiple databases, including PubMed, on 31 December 2023. The search keywords included deep learning convolutional neural networks, facial recognition, and disease recognition. A total of 208 articles on facial recognition technology based on deep learning networks in disease diagnosis over the past 10 years were screened, and 22 articles were selected for analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 14.0 software., Results: The study collected 22 articles with a total sample size of 57 539 cases, of which 43 301 were samples with various diseases. The meta-analysis results indicated that the accuracy of deep learning in facial recognition for disease diagnosis was 91.0% [95% CI (87.0%, 95.0%)]., Conclusion: The study results suggested that facial recognition technology based on deep learning networks has high accuracy in disease diagnosis, providing a reference for further development and application of this technology., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-exacerbated respiratory disease （N-ERD） is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation, featuring chronic rhinosinusitis （CRS）, asthma, and intolerance to cyclooxygenase 1 （COX-1） inhibitors. The use of these medications can lead to an acute worsening of rhinitis and asthma symptoms. This condition has not yet received sufficient attention in China, with a high rate of misdiagnosis and a lack of related research. The Chinese Rhinology Research Group convened a group of leading young experts in otolaryngology from across the country, based on the latest domestic and international evidence-based medical practices to formulate this consensus.The consensus covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for N-ERD, including pharmacotherapy, surgery, biologic treatments, and desensitization therapy. The goal is to improve recognition of N-ERD, reduce misdiagnosis, and enhance treatment outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To investigate the differences in the therapeutic effects of endoscopic surgery combined with chemotherapy and endoscopic surgery combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of early nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and to select individualized treatment strategy for early nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: The clinical data of 68 patients with early nasopharyngeal carcinoma（T1-2N₀M₀） who received surgical treatment in a high-incidence area were retrospectively analyzed. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into the surgery + chemotherapy group（ n =34, treated with endoscopic surgery combined with chemotherapy） and the surgery + radiotherapy group（ n =34, treated with endoscopic surgery combined with radiotherapy）. Propensity score matching was used to match the patient data between the two groups at a 1∶1 ratio. Patients were followed up, and the survival rates and hematological toxicities were compared between the two groups. Results: Twenty-four cases in the surgery + chemotherapy group and 24 cases in the surgery + radiotherapy group were successfully matched. After matching, there was no statistically significant difference in T stage, and clinical stage between the two groups（all P >0.05）. The 3-year OS and DFS in the surgery + chemotherapy group were 100.0% and 95.8%, respectively, while the 3-year OS and DFS in the surgery + radiotherapy group were 100.0% and 100.0%, respectively, with no significant difference in survival rates between the two groups（both P >0.05）. After treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in bone marrow suppression between the surgery + chemotherapy group and the surgery + radiotherapy group （all P > 0.05） Conclusion: Endoscopic surgery combined with chemotherapy and surgery combined with radiotherapy have comparable clinical efficacy in the treatment of early nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but without radiotherapy-related complications, which is worth further investigation., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

In the last few decades, there has been a progressive increase in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) in China, where it now affects approximately 250 million people. AR prevention and treatment include allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, allergen immunotherapy (AIT), and patient education, among which AIT is the only curative intervention. AIT targets the disease etiology and may potentially modify the immune system as well as induce allergen-specific immune tolerance in patients with AR. In 2017, a team of experts from the Chinese Society of Allergy (CSA) and the Chinese Allergic Rhinitis Collaborative Research Group (C2AR2G) produced the first English version of Chinese AIT guidelines for AR. Since then, there has been considerable progress in basic research of and clinical practice for AIT, especially regarding the role of follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells in the pathogenesis of AR and the use of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in nasal secretions for the diagnosis of AR. Additionally, potential biomarkers, including TFR cells, sIgG4, and sIgE, have been used to monitor the incidence and progression of AR. Moreover, there has been a novel understanding of AIT during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Hence, there was an urgent need to update the AIT guideline for AR by a team of experts from CSA and C2AR2G. This document aims to serve as professional reference material on AIT for AR treatment in China, thus improving the development of AIT across the world., Competing Interests: There are no financial or other issues that might lead to conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology • The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease.)

Objective: To observe the safety of omalizumab and glucocorticoid in the dose-increasing phase of rush allergen immunotherapy（RIT）. Method: The clinical data of 88 patients with allergic rhinitis treated with RIT were retrospectively studied, including gender, age, pre-treatment total VAS score, blood EOS%, serum total IgE, local and systemic adverse reactions. Of all patients, fifty-seven were treated with omalizumab combined with RIT（experimental group） and thirty-one were treated with hormone/antiallergic drugs combined with RIT（control group）. The safety of the two groups was compared in the dose-increasing phase. Result: There was no grade Ⅰ systemic adverse reactions during the whole process in the experimental group, while Grade Ⅱ systemic adverse reactions were 4 cases（7.1%） during the period of hospitalization, 2 cases（3.6%） after the first injection after discharge, zero（0） after the second injection after discharge. No local pruritus and induration were observed. During the period of hospitalization, the first and second injection after discharge, control group had grade Ⅰ level systemic adverse reactions were 1 case（3.4%）, 2 cases（6.9%）, 1 case（3.4%） at different time point, respectively. Grade Ⅱ systemic adverse reactions were 5 cases（17.2%）, 1 case（3.4%）, zero（0） at different time point, respectively. Local injection site itching was observed in 8 patients（5 cases were mild and 3 cases were moderate） and 4 cases（13.8%） had induration during hospitalization. Conclusion: Omalizumab combined with RIT not only shortens the duration of dose-increasing phase of specific immunotherapy, but also increases the safety of the dose-increasing phase during hospitalization, the first and second injection after discharge and improves patient compliance., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

The present document is based on a consensus reached by a panel of experts from Chinese Society of Allergy (CSA) and Chinese Allergic Rhinitis Collaborative Research Group (C2AR2G). Allergen immunotherapy (AIT), has increasingly been used as a treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR) globally, as it has been shown to provide a long-term effect in improving nasal and ocular symptoms, reducing medication need, and improving quality of life. AIT is currently the only curative intervention that can potentially modify the immune system in individuals suffering from AR and prevent the development of new sensitization and the progression of disease from AR to asthma. Although the use of AIT is becoming more acceptable in China, to date no AR immunotherapy guideline from China is available for use by the international community. This document has thus been produced and covers the main aspects of AIT undertaken in China; including selection of patients for AIT, the allergen extracts available on the Chinese market, schedules and doses of allergen employed in different routes of AIT, assessment of effect and safety, patients' administration and follow-up, and management of adverse reactions. The Chinese guideline for AR immunotherapy will thus serve as a reference point by doctors, healthcare professionals and organizations involved in the AIT of AR in China. Moreover, this guideline will serve as a source of information for the international community on AIT treatment strategies employed in China., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of patients who underwent endoscopic salvage nasopharyngectomy for residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC) after irradiation failure, and examine the quality of life (QOL) of them who were at different tumor stage and given different postoperative treatment., Methods: Ninety-six patients who underwent endoscopic salvage nasopharyngectomy for rNPC between June 2009 and March 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. rTNM stage: 20 cases were at stage I, 16 at stage II, 44 at stage III, 16 at stage IV; rT1 22 cases (22.9%), rT2 16 cases (16.7%), rT3 42 cases (43.8%), rT4 16 cases (16.7%); rN0 92 cases (95.8%), rN1 2 cases (2.1%), rN2 2 cases (2.1%); No with distance metastasis. All the patients underwent endoscopic resection of lesions, and four cases with cervical metastasis received neck dissection at the same time.Postoperatively the self-reported, health-related QOL questionnaires were used to assess and compare the QOL of survival patients.SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyzed the data., Results: The overall 1 year survival rates (SR), 2 year SR, 3 year SR were 83%, 68%, 63%, respectively. The median follow-up was 43 months. Cox regression analysis indicated the complete resection for rNPC and pathology were two independent factors affecting survival. The QOL of patients who received endoscopic salvage nasopharyngectomy only were better than the patients who received concurrent chemoradiation therapy or chemotherapy., Conclusions: The patients who underwent endoscopic salvage nasopharyngectomy for rNPC had a good survival rates and QOL.

Objective: To assess the long-term clinical efficacy of endoscopic surgery of primary sinonasal malignant neoplasms and find out the potential postoperative prognostic factors., Method: Forty-three clinical cases of primary sinonasal malignant neoplasms treated under endoscopy were analyzed retrospectively., Result: Fifteen patients died. The 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 83. 7% (36/43), 74. 4% (32/43), 69. 8% (30/43) and 65. 1% (28/43), respectively. Kaplan-Meier single-variable analysis showed that gender, T grade, TNM stage and pathological types of olfactory neuroblastoma were statistically significant prognostic factors (P< 0. 05). COX Pro-Portional hazard models showed that TNM stage was an independent prognostic factors., Conclusion: Endoscopic surgery for primary sinonasal malignant neoplasms is a safe and effective minimally invasive surgical treatment, and it is an important supplement to the traditional surgery. Gender, T grade, TNM stage and pathological types of olfactory neuroblastoma might be significant prognostic factors.

Objective: Discussion of expression and its significance of CD44 in SP cells of nasopnaryngeal carcinoma., Method: Flow cytometry was used to sort cultured CNE-2 cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma for obtaining CD44-SP and CD44+SP cells. Biological differences of CNE-2, CNE-2 SP, CNE-2 NSP, CNE-2 CD44+SP and CNE-2 CD44-SP cells were statistically analyzed by experiments such as cell migration experiments, plate clone formation assay, cell cycle analysis and sensitivity tests to chemotherapeutics., Result: Two point 3 perent of SP cells were extracted from CNE-2 cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, among which 36.5% was CD44+SP cells. Abilities of proliferation, cell migration and plate clone of CD44+SP cells were significantly higher than other cells (P < 0.01), and its tolerance to chemotherapeutics was significantly higher too (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The proportion of SP cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was small, but SP cells had strong activeness in the aspect of cell proliferation with a "seed" characteristic of tumor cells. As CD44+SP cells played an important role in proliferation and chemotherapy resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, it indicated that CD44 can be one of the surface markers of SP cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the influential factors associated with the long-term effect of allergic rhinitis (AR) specific immunotherapy (SIT)., Method: Retrospective analyzed the following visual analog scale(VAS) before and after the specific immunotherapy of 219 patients with allergic rhinitis. Logistic regression and pair t-test were used to explore the key factors influencing the prognosis., Result: (1) The gender and the VAS before specific immunotherapy (P < 0.05) were associated with the long-term effect of allergic rhinitis specific immunotherapy, while family history, the age of specific immunotherapy, number of allergens and stitches and with other allergic diseases (P > 0.05) were not associated with the long-term effect of specific immunotherapy; (2) Compared VAS of different endpoints with VAS before the treatment,there were significant differences. The primary endpoints were the time following no more than half a year (total effective rate: 50.0%), half a year to 1 year (total effective rate: 51.7%), 1 to 2 year (total effective rate: 47.1%), 2 to 3 year (total effective rate: 54.5%) and over 3 year (total effective rate: 40.7%)., Conclusion: Apart from the gender and the VAS before specific immunotherapy,genetic and other factors can not significant influence the long-term effect of specific immunotherapy. The effect of specific im- munotherapy seems to last for 3 years at least. Increasing stitches can not improve long-term effect of SIT,but it can consolidate the effect. The long-term effect of specific immunotherapy tends to drop off with fluctuations over time and the higher of VAS before SIT,the better effect of long-term SIT. Further more, the long-term effect of SIT of male is worse than female. In consequences, we speculate epigenetics related to the interaction between environmental factors and genetic factors plays an important role in the long-term effect of allergic rhinitis specific immunotherapy.

Objective: The safety of rush immunotherapy (RIT) in Chinese allergic rhinitis (AR)patients is unknown. The purpose of this prospective was to assess the safety differences between RIT and conventional immunotherapy in Chinese AR patients, and then discuss the clinical application feasibility of RIT., Method: A one-year study period was set for this study. The enrolled patients were divided into 2 groups according to their preference of therapy: RIT or conventional immunotherapy using standardized house dust mite allergen vaccine. For safety evaluation, the local and systemic adverse reactions were recorded throughout the both groups initial phase. Week 0 (W0), Week 2 (W2), Week 5 (W5), Week 17 (W17) were set as observation time points for leukotriene (LT-B4) and so on. The Generalized Mixed Linear Model with SPSS13. O and the chi-square test with SAS 9. 1.3 were used for Statistics., Result: Fifty-two cases were enrolled into the RIT group, of which 49 patients have completed the established treatment study, and 3 cases were lost to follow-up. In the conventional immunotherapy group, 35 cases were enrolled, of which 32 have completed established treatment study, and 3 cases were lost to follow-up. The local and systemic adverse events of AR RIT appeared to be similar to those of conventional therapy and LT-B4 was descended steadily in the two groups., Conclusion: Processed in advance Chinesear with drugs, RIT is similar to the safety of conventional immunotherapy.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of endoscopic resection without arterial embolism for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and the strategy of decreasing the bleeding during the operation., Methods: The clinical data of twenty-five cases of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were retrospective analyzed, including 3 cases of Radowski stageIIa, 5 cases of stageIIb, 4 cases of stageIIc and with 13 cases of stage IIIa. All cases did not receive the arterial embolism, and controlled hypotension were adopted under endoscopic transnasal approach during the tumor resection. Two cases were added the labiogingival incision. During the operation, under the opening vision, cutting out the outside of the infratemporal fossa, and the pterygoid process to adequate exposure the pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa.Early recognition of anatomical landmarks and establish the safety plane, along the periphery of the tumor to proceed with micro-separation, early blocking tumor nutrient vessels, en bloc resection of the tumor and some other ways to reduce bleeding and tumor resection., Results: Amount of bleeding during operation was 600-1500 ml, none of them had internal carotid artery injury and intracranial injury or some other complication.Follow-up 2-3 years was available in all patients, except 1 case with residual of tumor surrounding the optic nerve, the other 24 cases had no residual tumor and relapses., Conclusions: The preoperative occlusion and artery ligation may not be needed.Surgical technique is the key to reduce blood loss, and it is feasible to have endoscopic resection of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with proper operating technique.

Objective: To survey and analyze the allergic rhinitis patients' allergens in developed region of Pearl River Delta and developing region out of Pearl River Delta in Guangdong., Method: Sixteen standard allergens were adopted for skin prick test and correlation factors were studied on 858 cases suspected allergic rhinitis from developed region of Pearl River Delta and developing region out of Pearl River Delta. Two regions patients sorts of allergen and their detection rate were compared, and the relationship between allergen positive rate and age, gender, body weight, family history was analyzed., Result: The 6 kinds allergen with higher positivity in developed region of Pearl River Delta are dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (55.4%), dermatophagoides culinae (53.9%), tropical mite (38.3%), dog hair (11.8%), blattella germanica (11.5%) and cat hair (8.1%); that from developing region out of Pearl River Delta are dermatophagoides culinae (50.4%), tropical mite(48.0%), dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (47.2%), blattella germanica (13.4%), cat hair (8.7%) and dog hair (7.1%). There is no significant difference of allergen positivity between the patients from the two regions except tropical mite. The positive rate in 15-18 years old patients was also different in the two groups. The positive rate was highest in the age from 19 to 30 years old,with a decreasing trend in younger and elder patients. There is no significant difference of the allergen positive rate between the both groups with body weight, family history and gender (P > 0.05). A higher allergen positivity was found in the patients with family history (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides culinae, Tropical mite, dog hair, blattella germanica and cat hair are the major allergens in developed region of Pearl River Delta and developing region out of Pearl River Delta in Guangdong, but their ranking has some difference in the two regions. Patients with family history had a higher allergen positive rate.