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Urothelial bladder carcinoma is the ninth most common cancer in the world, with an estimated 150,000 deaths per year. Two comprehensive analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas urothelial bladder carcinoma reported that chromatin modifier gene mutations were common in bladder cancer. We aimed to find how the mutations and transcriptional profiles of the genes involving in chromatin modification affected the prognosis of patients. The data were retrieved from the Genomic Data Commons data portal and the gene list in pathway Chromatin Modifying Enzymes were obtained from Reactome. The expression levels and mutational profiles of the genes involving in the chromatin were utilized altogether to construct a fusion patient similarity network by similarity network fusion. The genes that were differentially expressed in one clustered group or two were identified. Fifty chromatin‐regulating genes had nonsilent mutations in at least 10 patients. KMT2D, KDM6A, CREBBP, ARID1A, and ARID2 had enriched inactivating mutations. Among 399 cases where both the single‐nucleotide polymorphism information and the messenger RNA expression profiles were available, 326, 23, and 50 patients were clustered into Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The survival analysis suggested that the patients in these three groups had a different prognosis. Thity‐one genes were identified as differentially expressed in any group. The Gene Ontology term enrichment showed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in the immune response especially in the complement activation. Altogether, chromatin‐regulatory genes were key in bladder cancer and can serve, with the differentially expressed genes, as potential therapeutic targets. Urothelial bladder carcinoma is the ninth most common cancer in the world, with an estimated 150,000 deaths per year. Two comprehensive analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) urothelial bladder carcinoma reported that chromatin modifier gene mutations were common in bladder cancer. We aimed to find how the mutations and transcriptional profiles of the genes involving in chromatin modification affected the prognosis of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the effects and potential mechanism of Kaixin-San and Danggui-Shaoyao-San on glucose and lipid metabolism in chronic stress rats fed with high-fat diet., Methods: 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (distilled water), high-fat diet with chronic stress group (distilled water), melatonin group(20 mg/kg), Kaixin-San group (445 mg/kg) and Danggui-Shaoyao-San group (3360 mg/kg). All drugs were orally administered. In addition to the normal control group, each group of rats were fed with high-fat, diet. Simultaneously, stress were carried out after drugs administration 1 h daily. The duration was lasted for six weeks. The rat body weight daily was recorded, and the 24 h period urine was collected to detect the level of urine corticosterone (CORT) after three weeks. The level of plasma intraperitoneal glucose tolerance (IVGTT) was detected after six weeks. Finally, rats were executed, and serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), insulin (INS), adrenocorticotropic hormone releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), CORT and melatonin ( MLT) were determined. The weight of adrenal gland, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen levels were detected. The adrenal gland index, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity index( ISI) were calculated., Results: Compared with normal group, model rats body weight, IVGTT (120 min), plasm CORT were decreased significantly. Serum TG, TC, LDL-C and urine CORT after three weeks were increased significantly. Kaixin-San and Danggui- Shaoyao-San could regulate the above indexes., Conclusion: Kaixin-San and Danggui-Shaoyao-San may regulate the activity of HPA axis, and improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorder in model rats by increasing melatonin secretion.

Objective: To establish a rapid chromatographic method to separate the iridoid glycosides from Lamioplomis rotata, and to identify the target compounds with PDA and MS., Methods: Methanol-water gradient elution was used to separate and analyze the target compounds. The fluid fractions were gathered according to the chromatogram and dried with the nitrogen airflow. The mass fractions of the target compounds were determined with RP-HPLC and the structures were identified with PDA and MS., Results: The purity of some compounds exceeded 90% and these 9 compounds were identified as iridoid glycosides, which were Phlorigidoside C (1), Schismoside (2), Sesamoside (3), Shanzhiside methylester (4), 6-O-Acetyl shanzhiside methylester (5), Phloyoside II (6), Penstemoside (7), Loganin (8) and 8-O-Acetyl shanzhiside methylester (9)., Conclusion: The method is simple and practicable with high efficiency. It can be used to qualitative and quantitative analysis of the 9 iridoid glycosides in Lamiphlomis rotata and its preparations.