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Disruption of the circadian clock can affect starvation resistance, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Here, we found that starvation resistance was significantly reduced in the core gene BmPer deficient mutant silkworms (Per−/−), but the mutant's starvation resistance increased with larval age. Under natural physiological conditions, the weight of mutant 5th instar larvae was significantly increased compared to wild type, and the accumulation ability of triglycerides and glycogen in the fat bodies was upregulated. However, under starvation conditions, the weight consumption of mutant larvae was increased and cholesterol utilization was intensified. Transcriptome analysis showed that beta‐oxidation was significantly upregulated under starvation conditions, fatty acid synthesis was inhibited, and the expression levels of genes related to mitochondrial function were significantly changed. Further investigations revealed that the redox balance, which is closely related to mitochondrial metabolism, was altered in the fat bodies, the antioxidant level was increased, and the pentose phosphate pathway, the source of reducing power in cells, was activated. Our findings suggest that one of the reasons for the increased energy burden observed in mutants is the need to maintain a more robust redox balance in metabolic tissues. This necessitates the diversion of more glucose into the pentose phosphate pathway to ensure an adequate supply of reducing power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a continuous-time optimization approch instead of tranditional optimiztion methods to address the nuclear norm minimization (NNM) problem. Refomulating the NNM into a matrix form, we propose a Lagrangian programming neural network (LPNN) to solve the NNM. Moreover, the convergence condtions of LPNN are presented by the Lyapunov method. Convergence experiments are presented to demonstrate the convergence of LPNN. Compared with tranditional algorithms of NNM, the proposed algorithm outperforms in terms of image recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric material is the core part of all kinds of micro-piezoelectric devices (piezoelectric energy harvesters, piezoelectric sensors, etc.). Based on the first principle, this paper theoretically predicts a kind of organic–inorganic lead-free hybrid perovskite monolayer (ATHP)2XY4 (X = Ge, Sn; Y = Cl, Br, I) with a large out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient (d31). Combined with the finite element simulation, it shows excellent performance in the piezoelectric energy harvester. Through the first-principles theoretical calculation, the density, elastic tensor, piezoelectric stress tensor, and dielectric coefficient of the (ATHP)2XY4 monolayer can be obtained. The thermodynamic stability and mechanical stability of the materials are judged by ab initio molecular dynamics and stress–strain relationship analysis, respectively. The piezoelectric coefficient of the material is calculated, in which the d31 of (ATHP)2SnBr4 is the largest (d31 = 35.04 pm/V), which is still 7 times that of the bulk AlN and at least one order of magnitude larger than that of other 2D materials. The finite element simulation results of a simple piezoelectric beam show that the voltage output of the piezoelectric beam reaches 27.79 V. Our research shows that lead-free hybrid perovskite monolayer (ATHP)2XY4 has strong competitiveness in the application of environment-friendly and bio-friendly micro-piezoelectric devices. In addition, the cross-scale simulation method from the first principles to the finite element method is of great significance for the optimization of micro-piezoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyimide (PI) is widely deployed in space missions due to its good radiation resistance and durability. The influences from radiation and harsh temperatures should be carefully evaluated during the long-term service life. In the current work, the coupled thermal and radiation effects on the mechanical properties of PI samples were quantitatively investigated via experiments. At first, various PI specimens were prepared, and electron irradiation tests were conducted with different fluences. Then, both uniaxial tensile tests at room temperature and the dynamic mechanical analysis at varied temperatures of PI specimens with and without electron irradiation were performed. After that, uniaxial tensile tests at low and high temperatures were performed. The fracture surface of the PI film was observed using a scanning electron microscope, and its surface topography was measured using atomic force microscopy. In the meantime, the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum tests were conducted to check for chemical changes. In conclusion, the tensile tests showed that electron irradiation has a negligible effect during the linear stretching period but significantly impacts the hardening stage and elongation at break. Moreover, electron irradiation slightly influences the thermal properties of PI according to the differential scanning calorimetry results. However, both high and low temperatures dramatically affect the elastic modulus and elongation at break of PI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are few studies on two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric materials with polyatomic thickness at the present stage. The 2D materials with a thickness of 5 atoms were investigated on the piezoelectric effect of Sb2Se2Te, Sb2Te2Se, and three structures of SbAsSe2Te monolayers. The calculated piezoelectric coefficient d31 of Sb2Te2Se is 1.72 pm/V and is higher than that of the other four 2D piezoelectric materials. Compared with other 2D piezoelectric materials, the out-of-plane piezoelectric properties of 2D Janus Sb2Te2Se show great advantages. Density functional perturbation theory was employed to calculate the piezoelectric tensors. The charge density distribution was calculated to explain the polarization and chemical bonds. The electrostatic potential energy was calculated to reveal the polarization phenomenon. Our works imply that 2D Janus Sb2Te2Se monolayer have potential applications in flexible electronics and piezoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diamond wire sawing (DWS) is often used to cut and slice crystalline silicon. The machining accuracy of DWS is a key performance of wire sawing. However, due to the inconsistent deformation of diamond wire relative to the workpiece in different sawing directions, the machining accuracy is different. In this paper, the machining accuracy of DWS in rip sawing and cross sawing was compared. Sawing tests were designed for rip sawing and cross sawing in different feed directions. The length of sawing kerf was used for the evaluation of machining accuracy. It was found that the machining accuracy of diamond wire pushing the workpiece (rip +) is obviously better than that of pulling the workpiece (rip −) in rip sawing as the wire stiffness of rip + is higher. The machining accuracy of cross sawing in different feed directions is related not only to wire stiffness, but also related to the wire torsion produced by lateral feed force in cross sawing. Therefore, the order of machining accuracy 1X + > 4Y − > 2Y + > 3X − shows that the cross sawing accuracy does not show an obvious law relative to rip sawing. A diamond wire electrical discharge sawing (DWEDS) was proposed in rip sawing and cross sawing to compare the machining accuracy of DWS. It was found that the machining accuracy of DWEDS is higher than that of DWS. No significant differences were found in machining accuracy between rip sawing and cross sawing in DWEDS. Finally, the characteristics of cutting force in time–frequency domain were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The imaging photoplethysmography (IPPG), which is applied to heart rate measurement, is susceptible to interference caused by illumination variations during photography. To improve the accuracy, robustness, and real-time performance of IPPG, a new method combined with modified ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and fast independent component analysis (FastICA) was proposed. Approach. On the modified EEMD, to reduce the error caused by the residual white noise of the algorithm, it was characterized by recurrently updating zero-mean white noise for ensemble averaging based on the standard deviation of the input signal. On the modified FastICA, its constructed nonlinear function was superseded by Huber's approximation function to improve the robustness and running speed. Main results. Comparison experiments were conducted between the MAHNOB-HCI database and own collected data. In the hybrid natural light and computer screen light scenario, the mean absolute error (MAE) of heart rate amounted to 0.93 beats per minute and the correlation coefficient r reached 0.85. In the experiments of MAHNOB-HCI database, the MAE amounted to 6.03 beats per minute and the correlation coefficient r reached 0.75. Furthermore, the modified method decreased the running time by approximately ten times compared to the original algorithms. Significance. Various experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method significantly improves the accuracy, timeliness, and interference resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible direct X‐ray detectors based on perovskites have great potential for X‐ray imaging due to their high sensitivity, low detection limit, low‐cost, and large‐area fabrication. However, these detectors perform inefficiently at X‐ray‐to‐current conversion because of inadequate functional layer thickness and charge‐carrier recombination. Here, the fabrication of an integrated, self‐powered X‐ray detector based on CsPbBr3 quantum dots and a MAPbI3 photoelectric conversion layer embedded with perylene diimide molecules is reported. In addition to optimizing crystal domain formation and charge carrier extraction, the perylene diimide molecules also improve the electron mobility of MAPbI3 films by twofold. The integrated perovskite‐based X‐ray detector has a sensitivity of 143 169 ± 848 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 30.77 nGy s−1. The perylene diimide molecule at the grain boundary of MAPbI3 shows defect passivation and charge collection characteristics, leading to stable output over 30 bending cycles. This hybrid molecular approach provides insight into a general method to modify device performance using perylene diimide‐integrated detectors for X‐ray imaging of 3D objects with curved surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circadian clock plays a critical role in the regulation of host immune defense. However, the mechanistic basis for this regulation is largely unknown. Herein, the core clock gene cryptochrome1 (cry1) knockout line in Bombyx mori, an invertebrate animal model, was constructed to obtain the silkworm with dysfunctional molecular clock, and the dynamic regulation of the circadian clock on the immune responsiveness within 24 h of Staphylococcus aureus infection was analyzed. We found that deletion of cry1 decreased viability of silkworms and significantly reduced resistance of larvae to S. aureus. Time series RNA‐seq analysis identified thousands of rhythmically expressed genes, including immune response genes, in the larval immune tissue, fat bodies. Uninfected cry1 knockout silkworms exhibited expression patterns of rhythmically expressed genes similar to wild‐type (WT) silkworms infected with S. aureus. However, cry1 knockout silkworms exhibited a seriously weakened response to S. aureus infection. The immune response peaked at 6 and 24 h after infection, during which "transcription storms" occurred, and the expression levels of the immune response genes, PGRP and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), were significantly upregulated in WT. In contrast, cry1 knockout did not effectively activate Toll, Imd, or NF‐κB signaling pathways during the immune adjustment period from 12 to 18 h after infection, resulting in failure to initiate the immune responsiveness peak at 24 h after infection. This may be related to inhibited silkworm fat body energy metabolism. These results demonstrated the dynamic regulation of circadian clock on silkworm immune response to bacterial infection and provided important insights into host antimicrobial defense mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In reciprocating diamond wire sawing of quartz glass, the reversing and acceleration and deceleration will cause the position change of diamond wire, resulting in the discontinuous wire sawing in the reversing stage, so as to leave residual material on the processing surface and form wire marks. Also, the cutting load will cause diamond wire deformation as bow shape, and affect the machining accuracy. In this paper, the evaluation of DWS machining performance of quartz glass focus on the sawing time, cutting force and vibration, wire tension, machining surface flatness and roughness, surface morphology and wire state. The theoretical analysis of wire mark was carried out, and the simplified wire bow model of quartz glass sawing was established. The existence of wire mark and wire bow were verified by detecting the 3D contour of the slice. In addition, a diamond wire electrical discharge sawing (DWEDS) was performed to find the differences to DWS in the above indicators. Experiments were presented in jet cooling and bath cooling conditions. It was found that the cutting force, vibration, and wire tension of DWEDS are more stable than that of DWS. The DWEDS has been proved helpful to improve machining performance of quartz glass from surface roughness, sawing time, processing state, and wire bow control as it reduces the macro cutting force acting on the diamond wire although the discharge effect is weak. The SEM of slice surface and diamond wire showed no significant difference between DWEDS and DWS. Also, the influence of feed speed and cooling methods on machining performance was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, solar energy is the key development of clean energy. Diamond wire sawing (DWS) is the most used processing method of solar crystalline silicon cell wafer. In recent years, the application of crystalline silicon cutting that can be applied by single wire has gradually turned to that of EDWS. However, the research on the equipment and process requirements of endless diamond wire is limited, and the mastery of the equipment factors affecting the performance of EDWS is not perfect. This paper takes the influence of some constituent factors of EDWS equipment on processing performance as the research object; focuses on the analysis of the wire length, wire brand, guide wheel diameter, cutting wheel span, driving wheel position, and wheel number of the EDWS system; and finds out the deep causes and correlation of the influencing factors. It provides a basis for giving full play to the performance of endless wire sawing from the equipment composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The novel 2H-MOene and its Janus structure are predicted to be a promising piezoelectric material. • The novel 2D-MOene shown a superior piezoelectric coefficient d11 (d11 = 6.09 pm/V for Ti2OH2). • MOene and its Janus structure satisfy the rule of d 11 (_F) < d 11 (_Cl) < d 11 (_Br) < d 11 (_I). Two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric materials have been widely studied because of their broad application prospects. In this paper, the piezoelectric properties of a MXene-like 2D material (MOene) and its Janus structure are reported by first-principles calculations. The dynamic stability of these 2D materials are verified based on phonon spectra. The semiconductor properties of materials are based on the calculation of energy bands. The origin of piezoelectric polarization of MOene and its Janus structure is explained based on differential charge density and Bader charge analysis. The piezoelectric stress tensor of the material is calculated based on density functional perturbation theory (DFPT). The theoretical prediction results show that the piezoelectric properties of MOene and its Janus structure are better than those of 2D 2H-MoS 2 , and the in-plane piezoelectric coefficient d 11 of Ti 2 OH 2 reaches 6.09 pm/V. Our research shows that MOene and its Janus structure add an important member to the 2D piezoelectric material library, and provide a new sample for the study of piezoelectric properties based on the 2D material library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The breeding environment is a critical factor for the quality and flavor of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). In this study, a novel flavor-forming culture model was explored. Adult crabs reared in Jianhu County were domesticated in the Yangcheng Lake basin for 0, 7, 14 and 28 days. The flavor substances in edible tissues were used as indicators to evaluate the flavor changes of foreign crabs domesticated in the Yangcheng Lake area. The results showed that the content of five delicious amino acids (Asp, Glu, Ser, Thr and Pro) was higher in the edible tissues of native crabs than that of foreign crabs at 0 d of domestication, and there was no significant difference in these amino acid contents after 28 d of domestication. The equivalent umami concentration (EUC) of Yangcheng Lake crab muscle (2.60 g MSG/100 g) was higher than that of domesticated crabs (2.00 g MSG/100 g) at 0 d of domestication, and there was no difference in the EUC of foreign crabs after 28 d of domestication compared with that of native crabs. The electronic tongue assay showed that the taste characteristics of foreign crabs and native crabs were similar after 28 d of domestication. The sweetness grade of Yangcheng Lake crab muscles was 11.91 at 0 d of domestication, which was higher than that of foreign crabs (10.26). There was no difference in the sweetness grade between foreign (14.07) and native (13.92) crabs after 28 d of domestication. Foreign crabs domesticated in the Yangcheng Lake basin for 28 d were able to obtain the flavor characteristics of Yangcheng Lake crabs. • Domestication of foreign crabs did not affect their survival and development. • Foreign crabs domesticated were able to obtain the flavor of Yangcheng Lake crabs. • Domesticated crabs can be identified from native crabs by the unique gut bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SiC ceramic materials are extremely hard and brittle materials, and are prone to defects such as cracks during processing. It is sensitive to cutting parameters and other processing conditions, making the material extremely difficult to process. This research investigates the material removal mechanism, as well as the influences of cutting parameters and tool wear on the brittle-ductile transition. The relationship between cutting parameters such as feed rate and cutting depth and the ductile–brittle transition was obtained according to the critical load model for brittle material fracture and SiC chip thickness model. Milling tests were conducted, and it was found that with the increase of feed rate and cutting depth, the occurrence of brittle removal increased, and the material removal mode shifted from ductile removal to brittle removal. By the characteristics analysis of force distribution in time–frequency domain, the existence of brittle-ductile transition in SiC milling was proven combined with the analysis of surface roughness and chip morphology. A comprehensive basis for judging the critical transition was provided that the range of parameters is feed rate of 0.015–0.02 mm/z and cutting depth of 0.15–0.2 mm. Tool wear is another significant impact factor on the material removal mode during the milling process. When the tool is worn, it is easier to undergo brittle removal compared to non-worn tools with the same cutting parameters. The brittle-ductile cutting mode of diamond tool milling SiC ceramics and its influence on the cutting force coefficient were also studied based on the milling geometric model. The cutting force mixed with brittle removal and ductile removal is not suitable for identifying the cutting force coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cooling method of silicon material sawing in solar energy industry is jet cooling and flood cooling. In this paper, a machining method of diamond wire electrical discharge sawing (DWEDS) under environmentally improved bath cooling was proposed. Its advantages were compared to jet cooling by carrying a series of sawing tests. It was found that DWEDS under bath cooling obtained better machining accuracy and better surface quality than that under jet cooling. Also, the machining accuracy and cutting efficiency in DWEDS were better than those in diamond wire sawing (DWS). The same conclusions were proved by scanning electron microscope observation of the wafer surface. In addition, the wire tension in DWEDS sawing was found more stable than that in DWS. Finally, the wire wear was as another indicator to evaluate the cooling effect. No significant difference in wire wear between bath cooling and jet cooling was found. However, the wire wear of DWEDS under the same cooling method is higher than that of DWS, which means the discharge effect is helpful to the wire self-sharpening from another point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the efficiency improvement of diamond wire sawing (DWS) of photovoltaic silicon through fine wire and high-speed sawing has met the development bottleneck. This paper is a change of thinking to provide a diamond wire electrical discharge sawing (DWEDS) method to integrate the machining efficiency of DWS and electrical discharge machining (EDM), which has more advantages than the current DWS method in sawing efficiency, kerf loss, wire mark, and surface uniformity. In order to evaluate the wire sawing efficiency considering the influence of wire bow and kerf width, a new method was proposed more suitable for the efficiency evaluation of DWEDS and DWS. The efficiency of DWEDS was proved better compared with EDM and DWS. The performance of DWEDS in the aspect of silicon loss is better than that of EDM and DWS as its kerf width is smaller. The discharge effect is used to reduce the wire marks caused by the physical cutting effect of DWS. The grain sawing is better for surface roughness compared with EDM. Also, it is found that the thickness of damaged layer produced by DWEDS is related to the contribution of physical cutting and discharge effect, which is significantly lower than that of EDM. Besides, the wire consumption of DWEDS is higher than that of DWS, but the reconsolidation of the diamond wire after discharged melting will expose more grains to ensure the wire cutting capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Square wire sawing (squaring) is the preceding process of silicon ingot grinding and slicing for solar wafer manufacturing. The machining accuracy will affect the machining efficiency of the grinding process, and affect the quality of slicing. At present, extreme difference (ED) method is used for the evaluation of squaring accuracy, which cannot fully reflect the squaring accuracy. Novel evaluation method of straightness difference (SD) and flatness difference (FD) of squaring were proposed. The evaluation process was compared with ED method. The results show that the novel method can solve the defects that cannot be sufficiently evaluated by ED method. In addition, the profile errors of the cross sections along and perpendicular to longitudinal direction and the surface contour errors on the symmetric surface were evaluated. The relationship between the error distributions along the longitudinal direction and the processing parameters was also found, which provides help for optimizing the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2-D Janus materials are easy to produce strong piezoelectric properties due to the lack of mirror symmetry. In this article, we have performed the first-principles study on the piezoelectric properties of Janus BiTe ${X}$ (${X} =$ Cl, Br, I) monolayers. The electronic properties are calculated to analyze the causes of piezoelectric properties. Based on the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT), the piezoelectric tensor of Janus BiTe ${X}$ monolayer is calculated, and the piezoelectric coefficient is further calculated. The in-plane piezoelectric coefficient ${d}_{{11}}$ of BiTeI monolayer reaches 7.79 pm/V and the out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient ${d}_{{31}}$ reaches 0.62 pm/V. Based on nonequilibrium Green’s function, the ${I}$ – ${V}$ response is calculated to analyze the piezoelectric response of the material in the device. In addition, these materials have suitable carrier mobility. Our research work shows that Janus BiTeI monolayer has potential applications in piezoelectric electronic devices, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of more 2-D Janus piezoelectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An anti-lodging machine, comprising an anti-lodging device and an AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) was designed to replace manual methods. • A machine vision system was developed to aim the anti-lodging device at the crown buds. • The YOLOv5s algorithm is enhanced for detecting immature pineapple crown buds. • The mAP_0.5 of the improved YOLOv5s algorithm is 3.71 %, 1.69 %, and 1.19 % higher than the original YOLOv5s, SSD, and Faster R-CNN, respectively. • The operating speed of this intelligent anti-lodging method is 2.7 times faster than manual binding. Sunscorch, a common disease in pineapple cultivation, is caused by direct sunlight on the surface of lodging pineapple fruits. To mitigate this issue, pineapple fruits are often bagged or supported with fixing rods. This paper presents the design of an anti-lodging machine, comprising an anti-lodging device and an AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle), and develops a machine vision system to precisely aim the anti-lodging device at the crown buds. The YOLOv5s algorithm is enhanced for detecting crown buds. The improvement of the YOLOv5s algorithm includes the introduction of the attention mechanism CBAM to enhance feature extraction, the addition of BiFPN and GhostNet to strengthen feature fusion and to reduce detection time and computational cost. By transforming pixel coordinates, the relative coordinates between the crown bud and the device are calculated to achieve accurate targeting. The experiments demonstrate that the precision, recall, and map_0.5 of the improved YOLOv5s algorithm are 91.89 %, 92.25 %, 94.01 %, and the detection speed is 15.71 ms/image. The average detection speed is 1.14 ms/image and 9.45 ms/image faster than that of SSD and Faster R-CNN, benefiting from a parameter number only 3/4 and 3/7 of SSD and Faster R-CNN, respectively. The results of contrast experiments indicate that, although the lodging prevention rate of this intelligent anti-lodging method is 4 % lower than the manual binding, its operating speed is 2.7 times faster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric materials have attracted wide attention because they are of great significance to the composition of piezoelectric nanogenerators. In this work, we have systematically studied the piezoelectric properties of 2D LiAlTe2 by using the first-principles calculation and found the 2D LiAlTe2 monolayer exhibits both large in-plane piezoelectric coefficient d 11 (3.73 pm Vâˆ'1) and out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient d 31 (0.97 pm Vâˆ'1). Moreover, the piezoelectric coefficients of 2D LiAlTe2 are highly tunable by strain and stacking. When different uniaxial strains are applied, d 11 changes dramatically, but d 31 changes little. When 2% stretching is applied to 2D LiAlTe2 monolayer along the x -axis, d 11 reaches 7.80 pm Vâˆ'1, which is twice as large as the previously reported 2D piezoelectric material MoS2. Both AA stacking and AB stacking can enhance the piezoelectric properties of 2D LiAlTe2, but they have different effects on in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficients. AA stacking can greatly increase d 31 but has little impact on d 11. In the case of four-layer AA stacking, the d 31 reaches 3.32 pm Vâˆ'1. AB stacking can both increase d 11 and d 31, but d 11 grows faster than d 31 as the number of layers increases. In the case of four-layer AB stacking, d 11 reaches 18.05 pm Vâˆ'1. The excellent and highly tunable piezoelectric performance provides 2D LiAlTe2 greater potential for the application of piezoelectric nano-generators and other micro-nano piezoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper has two parts, in the first part, we apply the localisation technique to the Rozansky–Witten theory on compact hyperkähler targets. We do so via first reformulating the theory as some supersymmetric sigma-model. We obtain the exact formula for the partition function with Wilson loops on S 1 × Σ g and the lens spaces, the results match with earlier computations using Feynman diagrams on K3. The second part is motivated by a very curious paper (Gukov in J Geom Phys 168, 104311, 2021), where the equivariant index formula for the dimension of the Hilbert space of the Rozansky–Witten theory is interpreted as a kind of Verlinde formula. In this interpretation, the fixed points of the target hyperkähler geometry correspond to certain 'states'. We extend the formalism of part one to incorporate equivariance on the target geometry. For certain non-compact hyperkähler geometry, we can apply the tilting theory to the derived category of coherent sheaves, whose objects label the Wilson loops, allowing us to pick a basis for the latter. We can then compute the fusion products in this basis and we show that the objects that have diagonal fusion rules are intimately related to the fixed points of the geometry. Using these objects as basis to compute the dimension of the Hilbert space leads back to the Verlinde formula, thus answering the question that motivated the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endless diamond wire is a special application of diamond wire cutting. The loss of wire machining accuracy will cause the fluctuate and unflat surface, which will cause drum shape error with large dimension in the middle of silicon ingot and small dimension on the head and tail of silicon ingot. In this paper, based on the phenomenon of drum shape error processed by a single wire, the factors affecting the machining accuracy, including the stiffness of wire web, tension, and fluctuation of wire were studied. The reason for the influence of machining accuracy during the endless diamond wire sawing process was mainly determined by the position of diamond wire. In view of the wire-lag effect of diamond wire, the definition and evaluation method of the stiffness of the endless diamond wire web were proposed. It was found that the formation of wire bow, especially the lateral wire bow induced by the lateral force, was the main reason causing the machining accuracy. In view of the evaluation of machining accuracy, the flatness evaluation method could be used instead of the current method of extreme deviation analysis, which could provide more comprehensive evaluation of the sawing accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diamond wire sawing has gradually applied as the dominant way of silicon sawing in the photovoltaic and semiconductor industry. In this paper, a model of stiffness of wire web was established, and the corresponding test measure, process, and evaluation standard were proposed. Lack of stiffness of wire web could easily cause wire bow and further reduce the machining accuracy during diamond wire sawing. And the machining accuracy due to wire bow was analyzed. The special significance of this study is considered the stiffness of wire web to be the key index of multi-wire sawing performance. Through this method, the wire bow and the lack of cutting accuracy can be reasonably evaluated. As a result, wire lag and wire bow due to the loss of the stiffness of wire web could be minimized, as well as its influence on machining accuracy. Static stiffness matrices of wire web were presented to analyze the influence of the feed position and the number of wires forming the wire web on the stiffness of wire web. Moreover, a FEM model was established to find the influence factors such as wheel span, wheel diamond, and preset tension on the stiffness of wire web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resilience refers to the dynamic process of individual's positive adaptation to adversity, which is closely related to the symptoms of mental disorders and can be improved through intervention. This paper reviews the definition, evaluation method and intervention of resilience, and proposes that resilience can be used as an indicator of mental disorders related to stressor exposure, which has certain reference significance for improving individual resilience and promoting individual mental health development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the use of diamond multi-wire sawing machine, tension of diamond wire has an important impact on the quality of silicon wafer. In this paper, ADAMS is used to simulate the tension of diamond wire during the operation of machine, and results are verified by experiments. The general law of tension fluctuation of diamond wire in the operation of diamond multi-wire sawing machine is obtained, and the methods of controlling tension fluctuation are put forward. The proposed method is verified by simulation and experiments, and the conclusion of controlling tension fluctuation is obtained. It is helpful to reduce the broken probability of diamond wire, prolong the service life of diamond wire, and improve the use efficiency of diamond wire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose to use transverse momentum pT distribution of J/ψ production at the future Electron Ion Collider (EIC) to explore the production mechanism of heavy quarkonia in high energy collisions. We apply QCD and QED collinear factorization to the production of a pair at high pT, and non-relativistic QCD factorization to the hadronization of the pair to a J/ψ. We evaluate J/ψpT-distribution at both leading and next-to-leading order in strong coupling, and show that production rates for various color-spin channels of a pair in electron-hadron collisions are very different from that in hadron-hadron collisions, which provides a strong discriminative power to determine various transition rates for the pair to become a J/ψ. We predict that the J/ψ produced in electron-hadron collisions is likely unpolarized, and the production is an ideal probe for gluon distribution of colliding hadron (or nucleus). We find that the J/ψ production is dominated by the color-octet channel, providing an excellent probe to explore the gluon medium in large nuclei at the EIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) provides a new approach for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA). However, whether it can achieve similar outcomes to traditional open surgery (OS) remains controversial. Methods: To assess the safety and feasibility of MIS for HCCA, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to compare the outcomes of MIS with OS. Seventeen outcomes were assessed. Results: Nine studies involving 382 patients were included. MIS was comparable in blood transfusion rate, R0 resection rate, lymph nodes received, overall morbidity, severe morbidity (Clavien–Dindo classification > = 3), bile leakage rate, wound infection rate, intra-abdominal infection rate, days until oral feeding, 1-year overall survival, 2-year overall survival and postoperative mortality with OS. Although operation time was longer (mean difference (MD) = 93.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 64.10 to 122.91, P < 0.00001) and hospital cost (MD = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.03 to 1.33, P = 0.04) was higher in MIS, MIS was associated with advantages of minimal invasiveness, that was less blood loss (MD = -81.85, 95% CI = -92.09 to -71.62, P < 0.00001), less postoperative pain (MD = -1.21, 95% CI = -1.63 to -0.79, P < 0.00001), and shorter hospital stay (MD = -4.22, 95% CI = -5.65 to -2.80, P < 0.00001). Conclusions: The safety and feasibility of MIS for HCCA is acceptable in selected patients. MIS is a remarkable alternative to OS for providing comparable outcomes associated with a benefit of minimal invasiveness and its application should be considered more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the global consensus on low-carbon development and the imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, coupled with China's strategic objective of achieving "carbon neutrality" and reaching its carbon peak, it becomes increasingly essential to focus on areas that necessitate adaptation for low-carbon development. One such critical area is the water supply system, known for its substantial contribution to carbon emissions. To assess the situation, this study constructed an evaluation framework for carbon emissions of water supply system, which comprised of emission characteristic investigation, emission right allocation and right balance assessment. For emission characteristic investigation, data on water supply quantity, pipe network pressure, and energy consumption was utilized to calculate carbon emissions produced by China's water supply system and investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of emissions. The analysis revealed a minor increase in carbon emissions from 2010 to 2018, with a significant turning point occurring in 2016. Specifically, carbon emissions in 2018 ranged between 1.03 × 107 kgCO 2 and 3.15 × 109 kgCO 2. Coastal areas, such as Guangdong and Jiangsu, exhibited a higher level of carbon emissions. This study constructed a provincial allocation model of carbon emission rights, utilizing the shadow price model and entropy method while adhering to the principle of fairness and efficiency. By comparing the value of emission right and emission amount, the provincial balance of carbon emission right in 2018 was evaluated. It was discovered that 14 regions demonstrated varying levels of carbon allowance surpluses. Conversely, 12 regions exhibited insufficient spatial balance, which were subsequently classified as exhibiting mild, moderate, or severe deficiency. Additionally, emission reduction pressures among these regions were assessed through the analysis of the ratio between theoretical emission right and actual amount, as well as levels of economic development. The carbon emission reduction potential scores of different regions were calculated using principal component analysis based on five dimensions, namely policy driver, engineering test and research level, level of economic development, forestry carbon sink and emission reduction efficiency. Our findings indicated that the degree of insufficient balance between emission reduction potential and carbon emission allowance showed a certain convergence. Ultimately, we proposed tailored emission reduction paths for water supply systems in each region, which may serve as theoretical and technical references towards achieving the "double carbon goals". [Display omitted] • Provincial carbon emissions of water supply systems in China were investigated. • An evaluation framework for carbon emissions was constructed. • Shadow price model and entropy method were applied to allocate carbon emission right. • 14 regions showed deficiency in emission right balance, while 12 showed surplus. • Emission reduction potential and degree of deficiency in balance showed convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The silicon slicing efficiency and quality of silicon wafer seriously affect the cost of solar power generation and the development of photovoltaic energy industry. This paper proposed an improved cooling and lubrication method using a water tank bath for diamond wire sawing. Compared with the traditional jet sawing with array nozzles, it can be found that the surface roughness is better, no matter the average roughness value, the skewness coefficient, or the kurtosis coefficient, especially in high production efficiency processing. Similar conclusions can also be obtained from the comparative analysis of surface profile distribution and SEM micrographs. This is because the bath sawing can make full use of the cooling and lubricating capability of the cutting fluid, so that the diamond wire can achieve better fluid-carrying effect with the same directionality as the sawing direction into the cutting zone. Furthermore, the service life of diamond wire in bath sawing is longer and wire consumption is lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an integrated study involving detailed field investigation, petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, and zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic compositions of Late Cretaceous granitoids and gabbroic diorites in the Shanba and Zongga plutons of the southern Lhasa subterrane, Tibet. We use the obtained data to assess the genetic relationship between the granitoids and gabbroic diorites and to better constrain the origin of Late Cretaceous granitoids in the Gangdese batholith. Both the Shanba and Zongga plutons contain Late Cretaceous gabbroic diorites with zircon U–Pb ages of 91–90 Ma, but only the Zongga pluton includes coeval Late Cretaceous (88–83 Ma) granitoids (tonalites and granodiorites) that coexist with the gabbroic diorites. The Shanba gabbroic diorites consist mainly of clinopyroxene, biotite, and plagioclase, whereas the Zongga gabbroic diorites are composed predominantly of amphibole and plagioclase. The Late Cretaceous granitoids and gabbroic diorites in the Shanba and Zongga plutons are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements (REEs), and are depleted in high-field-strength elements and heavy REEs, showing an arc-type geochemical signature. The Zongga gabbroic diorites have lower K2O and light REE contents and Th/Y ratios, as well as higher Ba/La, Ba/Nb, and Rb/Nb ratios, compared with the Shanba gabbroic diorites. The Zongga gabbroic diorites and granitoids have similar Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions [ISr = 0.7035–0.7042, εNd(t) = 5.0–6.4, εHf(t) = 9.6–13.8], with more radiogenic Nd isotopic compositions than those of the Shanba gabbroic diorites [ISr = 0.7037–0.7040, εNd(t) = 3.1–4.1, εHf(t) = 10.9–14.1]. These geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the Zongga granitoids are genetically related to their spatially and temporally associated Zongga gabbroic diorites, whose mantle source was more hydrous than that of the Shanba gabbroic diorites. On the basis of the petrological, geochemical, and isotopic data, we propose that the Shanba and Zongga gabbroic diorites were generated by partial melting of a depleted mantle wedge that was metasomatized by slab sediment melts and by slab dehydration fluids, respectively. The Zongga granitoids were produced by dehydration melting of juvenile lower crust compositionally similar to the Zongga gabbroic diorites, and the parental magma of these gabbroic diorites was also involved in their generation. We conclude that Late Cretaceous underplating of mantle-derived magmas with differing water contents formed juvenile lower crust in the southern Lhasa subterrane; however, only the more hydrous juvenile lower crust was able to produce voluminous granitoids through dehydration melting. Hydrous mantle-derived magmas, therefore, played a key role in the generation of Late Cretaceous granitoids in the Gangdese batholith and contributed not only to crustal growth but also to crustal reworking in the southern Lhasa subterrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the plane thermoelastic problem of an infinite matrix containing two interacting inclusions of arbitrary shapes for a uniform heat flux applied on the matrix remotely. We propose a numerical scheme for calculating the temperature and stress fields in the inclusion-matrix system by using the principle of superposition and the Faber series method. A group of numerical examples is given to demonstrate the stress field around two soft inclusions (softer than the matrix) of triangular and square shapes. The results show that the interfacial thermal stress concentration may be relieved by improving the thermal conductivities of the soft inclusions. In particular, we find that for soft inclusions with higher thermal conductivities (higher than the matrix), the interfacial thermal stresses could even reduce slightly when the inclusions approach each other. Additionally, it is shown that the thermal load-induced interaction between the inclusions decays much slower than the mechanical load-induced interaction between the inclusions as the inclusions move away from each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) provides an alternative to deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) for patients with end-stage liver disease in the circumstance of scarcity of deceased grafts. However, the outcomes of LDLT remain controversial. Method. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to compare the outcomes of LDLT with DDLT. Twelve outcomes were assessed. Results. Thirty-nine studies involving 38563 patients were included. LDLT was comparable in red blood cell transfusion, perioperative mortality, length of hospital stay, retransplantation rate, hepatitis C virus recurrence rate, and hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence rate with DDLT. Cold ischemia time was shorter and duration of recipient operation was longer in LDLT. Postoperative intra-abdominal bleeding rate occurred less frequently in LDLT recipients (odds ratio OR = 0.64 , 95 % confidence interval CI = 0.46 − 0.88 , P = 0.006), but this did not decrease the perioperative mortality. LDLT was associated with significantly higher biliary (OR = 2.23 , 95 % CI = 1.59 − 3.13 , P < 0.00001) and vascular (OR = 2.00 , 95 % CI = 1.31 − 3.07 , P = 0.001) complication rates and better overall survival (OS) (1 year: OR = 1.32 , 95 % CI = 1.01 − 1.72 , P = 0.04 ; 3 years: OR = 1.39 , 95 % CI = 1.14 − 1.69 , P = 0.0010 ; and 5 years: OR = 1.33 , 95 % CI = 1.04 − 1.70 , P = 0.02). According to subgroup analysis, biliary complication rate and OS improved dramatically as experience increased, while vascular complication rate could not be improved because it was mainly caused by the difference of the donor type itself. Conclusions. LDLT remains a valuable option for patients in need of liver transplantation for it provides an excellent alternative to DDLT without compromising recipient outcomes. Further refinement in biliary and vascular reconstruction techniques and the accumulation of liver transplantation centers' experience are the key factors in expanding the application of LDLT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is a common disease that afflicts one in 6 people. Numerous hypotheses have been raised in the past decades, but the exact mechanism for depression onset remains obscure. Recently, the neuroinflammatory response and oxidative stress are being attracted more and more attention due to their roles in depression pathogenesis. The inhibition of neuroinflammatory response and oxidative stress is now considered a potential strategy for depression prevention and/or therapy. Sodium butyrate (SB) is a sodium form of the endogenous butyrate. It can inhibit proinflammatory responses and oxidative stress in different models of disease. In the present study, we investigated the effect of SB on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behaviors, neuroinflammatory response, and oxido-nitrosative stress in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in C57BL6/J mice. Our results showed that 10 days of SB pretreatment at the dose of 300 but not 100 mg/kg markedly ameliorated LPS (0.83 mg/kg)-induced depression-like behaviors in the tail suspension test, forced swimming test, and sucrose preference test. Further analysis showed that 10 days of SB pretreatment not only prevented LPS-induced increases in proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex but also prevented LPS-induced enhancement of oxido-nitrosative stress. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SB is such an agent that could be used to prevent depression onset and/or progression, and inhibition of neuroinflammatory response and oxido-nitrosative stress may be a potential mechanism for its antidepressant actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the thermoelastic problem of an inclusion of general shape surrounded by a foreign elastic matrix under plane deformation and the influence of an in-plane far-field heat flux. The small-scale interface effects, related to not only interface conductivity, interface stretching rigidity and interface thermal expansion but also (residual) interface tension, are incorporated in the corresponding analysis. We establish general boundary value formulations in both heat conduction and thermoelasticity for an arbitrary inclusion shape, allowing for analytic or at least semi-analytic treatment of the problem. Specially, we derive closed-form solutions for the case of circular inclusion and obtain concise expressions for describing the remote heat flux-induced thermal stress near the interface (at both the inclusion side and matrix side). Surprisingly, it is shown that for the case of circular inclusion, interface tension plays the same role as interface stretching rigidity in determining the full thermal stress field, or in other words, the full thermal stress field depends on only the sum of interface tension and interface stretching rigidity but not on the specific value of either of them. Numerical examples are also given to illustrate the influence of interface tension on the von Mises stress distribution in the vicinity of the interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct N = 2 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory on 4D manifolds with a Killing vector field with isolated fixed points. It turns out that for every fixed point one can allocate either instanton or anti-instanton contributions to the partition function, and that this is compatible with supersymmetry. The equivariant Donaldson–Witten theory is a special case of our construction. We present a unified treatment of Pestun's calculation on S 4 and equivariant Donaldson–Witten theory by generalizing the notion of self-duality on manifolds with a vector field. We conjecture the full partition function for a N = 2 theory on any 4D manifold with a Killing vector. Using this new notion of self-duality to localize a supersymmetric theory is what we call "Pestunization". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study 7D maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on 3-Sasakian manifolds. For manifolds whose hyper-Kähler cones are hypertoric we derive the perturbative part of the partition function. The answer involves a special function that counts integer lattice points in a rational convex polyhedral cone determined by hypertoric data. This also gives a more geometric structure to previous enumeration results of holomorphic functions in the literature. Based on physics intuition, we provide a factorisation result for such functions. The full proof of this factorisation using index calculations will be detailed in a forthcoming paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment on knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Eighty-six patients of knee osteoarthritis should randomly divide into a treatment group and a control group with 63 knees in each group. Patients in the treatment group were given acupuncture treatment, while those in the control group were given oral administration of Celecoxib Capsules and Glucosamine Sulfate Tablets. The treatment course was three weeks. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome grading score and WOMAC score should observe and adopt to evaluate the curative effect and safety. Results: Both TCM syndrome grading score and WOMAC score of two groups after the treatment reduced than those before the treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Moreover, the treatment group was obviously superior to the control group in improvement after the treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The total effective rate of the treatment group was 90.5%, and the total effective rate of the control group was 84.4%. Comparison of total effective rate between two groups indicated that the treatment group was superior to the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In addition, there was no obvious adverse reaction in both groups during the treatment. Conclusion: Acupuncture could relieve pain and improve other symptoms in patients of knee osteoarthritis effectively. Moreover, acupuncture treatment showed better curative effect and safety in treating knee osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When it comes to obesity, men exhibit a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome than women in early adult life, but this sex advantage wanes in postmenopausal women. A key diagnostic of the metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance in both peripheral tissues and brain, especially in the hypothalamus. Since the anorexigenic hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) regulates food intake in part by inhibiting the excitability of the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide (NPY/AgRP) neurons, we hypothesized that E2 would protect against insulin resistance in NPY/AgRP neurons with diet-induced obesity (DIO). Therefore, we did whole-cell recordings and single cell quantitative polymerase chain reaction in arcuate NPYGFP neurons from both female and male mice to test the efficacy of insulin with DIO. The resting membrane potential and input resistance of NPY/AgRP neurons were significantly increased in DIO versus control-diet fed males. Most notably, the efficacy of insulin to activate KATP channels in NPY/AgRP neurons was significantly attenuated, although the KATP channel opener diazoxide was fully effective in NPY/AgRP neurons from DIO males, indicating that the KATP channels were expressed and functional. In contrast, insulin was fully efficacious to activate KATP channels in DIO females, and the response was reversed by the KATP channel blocker tolbutamide. However, the ability of insulin to activate KATP channels was abrogated with ovariectomy but fully restored with E2 replacement. Insulin resistance in obese males was likely mediated by an increase in suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), protein tyrosine phosphatase B (PTP1B) and T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) activity, since the expression of all 3 mRNAs were upregulated in the obese males but not in females. As proof of principle, pre-incubation of hypothalamic slices from DIO males with the PTP1B/TCPTP inhibitor CX08005 completely rescued the effects of insulin. Therefore, E2 protects NPY/AgRP neurons in females against insulin resistance through, at least in part, attenuating phosphatase activity. The neuroprotective effects of E2 may explain sex differences in the expression of metabolic syndrome that disappears with the loss of E2 in aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carcinoma of the kidney is one of the most prevalent carcinoma worldwide. The majority types of carcinoma are clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), which consist more than 80% of the cases. As a genetically diverse disease, identification of prognosis‐related genes has utmost importance in the early diagnosis and prognosis of the CCRCC. In this study, we performed gene expression profiling to identify prognosis‐related genes for CCRCC. In addition, we developed and validated a gene signature‐based risk score to comprehensively assess the prognostic function of differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, we performed a ROC analysis to identify the optimal cut‐off point for classification risk level of the patients. Univariate Cox regression models were used to assess the association between differentially expressed genes in relation to the prognosis of patients with different stages of CCRCC. Five genes were identified significantly differentially expressed in CCRCC and associated with their survival time, namely: IDUA, NDST1, SAP30L, CRYBA4, and SI. A 5‐gene signature‐based risk score was developed based on the Cox coefficient of the individual genes. The prognostic value of this risk score was validated in an internal testing data set. In summary, a gene‐based risk score was identified and validated, which can predict CCRCC patient survival. The potential functions of this gene expression signature and individual differentially expressed gene as prognostic targets of CCRCC were revealed by this study. Furthermore, these findings may have important implications in the understanding of the potential therapeutic method for the CCRCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the refractive index change in Au3+-doped silicate glasses irradiated by a femtosecond laser and successive heat treatment. The refractive index of the irradiated area increased after the femtosecond laser irradiation and decreased with increasing annealing temperature up to 450 °C and then increased again with increasing annealing temperature. Absorption spectra of the glass samples before and after femtosecond laser irradiation and after further annealing manifested the formation of color centers after laser irradiation, disappearance of color centers after annealing at 300 °C, and precipitation of gold nanoparticles after annealing at high temperature. The mechanisms of the observed phenomena are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Naturally abundant diatomite was used as a biotemplate for the large-scale production of 3D N-doped graphene@MnO 2 porous structure for use in high-performance supercapacitor and oxygen reduction reaction catalyst. Abstract Natural diatomite with abundant pores was used as a biotemplate for the massive production of three-dimensional (3D) porous graphene by chemical vapor deposition method. Subsequent template removal and nitrogen doping treatment yield nitrogen doped 3D graphene with preserved shape and complex internal features of the diatomite. After further deposition with MnO 2 nanosheets, the N-doped 3D graphene@MnO 2 (N-G@MnO 2) hybrid exhibited excellent supercapacitor and good oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance. Accordingly, the porous N-G@MnO 2 electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance (411.5 F g−1) and a good cycling performance (88.3% capacitance retention after 4000 charge/discharge cycling test). When tested in a two-electrode configuration, N-G@MnO 2 achieved a wide potential window up to 1.8 V with a high energy density of 46.1 Wh kg−1. Furthermore, the as-prepared N-G@MnO 2 showed good performance in oxygen reduction reaction, which is comparable to those of commercially available Pt/C electrode. The enhanced capacitive and electrocatalytic properties and stability is due to the synergistic interactions between the porous 3D graphene and MnO 2 nanosheets. The results indicate that the 3D N-G@MnO 2 could be useful for supercapacitor and ORR catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urothelial bladder carcinoma is the ninth most common cancer in the world, with an estimated 150,000 deaths per year. Two comprehensive analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas urothelial bladder carcinoma reported that chromatin modifier gene mutations were common in bladder cancer. We aimed to find how the mutations and transcriptional profiles of the genes involving in chromatin modification affected the prognosis of patients. The data were retrieved from the Genomic Data Commons data portal and the gene list in pathway Chromatin Modifying Enzymes were obtained from Reactome. The expression levels and mutational profiles of the genes involving in the chromatin were utilized altogether to construct a fusion patient similarity network by similarity network fusion. The genes that were differentially expressed in one clustered group or two were identified. Fifty chromatin‐regulating genes had nonsilent mutations in at least 10 patients. KMT2D, KDM6A, CREBBP, ARID1A, and ARID2 had enriched inactivating mutations. Among 399 cases where both the single‐nucleotide polymorphism information and the messenger RNA expression profiles were available, 326, 23, and 50 patients were clustered into Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The survival analysis suggested that the patients in these three groups had a different prognosis. Thity‐one genes were identified as differentially expressed in any group. The Gene Ontology term enrichment showed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in the immune response especially in the complement activation. Altogether, chromatin‐regulatory genes were key in bladder cancer and can serve, with the differentially expressed genes, as potential therapeutic targets. Urothelial bladder carcinoma is the ninth most common cancer in the world, with an estimated 150,000 deaths per year. Two comprehensive analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) urothelial bladder carcinoma reported that chromatin modifier gene mutations were common in bladder cancer. We aimed to find how the mutations and transcriptional profiles of the genes involving in chromatin modification affected the prognosis of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypothalamic control of fertility is the quintessential homeostatic function. However, fertility is metabolically demanding; so, there must be coordination between energy states and reproductive functions. Because gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are devoid of many of the critical metabolic hormone receptors for sensing nutrient levels, it has long been recognized that the sensing of energy stores had to be done by neurons presynaptic to GnRH neurons. Some of the obvious players have been the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, both of which are in close apposition to the median eminence, a circumventricular organ. Indeed, POMC and NPY/AgRP neurons are inversely regulated by glucose and metabolic hormones including insulin and leptin. However, their synaptic connections with GnRH neurons are sparse and/or GnRH neurons are lacking the postsynaptic receptors to mediate the appropriate physiological response. Kisspeptin neurons were discovered in the early part of this century and subsequently shown to project to and control GnRH neuronal excitability. In fact, more recently the arcuate kisspeptin neurons have been identified as the command neurons driving pulsatile release of GnRH. Subsequently, it was shown that arcuate kisspeptin neurons express not only steroid hormone receptors but also metabolic hormone receptors such that similar to POMC neurons, they are excited by insulin and leptin. Therefore, based on the premise that arcuate kisspeptin neurons are the key neurons coordinating energy states with reproduction, we will review not only how these vital neurons control pulsatile GnRH release but how they control energy homeostasis through their synaptic connections with POMC and NPY/AgRP neurons and ultimately how E2 can regulate their excitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • An analytical hysteretic model for reinforcing bars including buckling is proposed. • Model control parameters are identified using the genetic algorithm. • Prediction equations of control parameters are established by regression analysis. • The proposed model is implemented in OpenSees. • Nonlinear analyses of both isolated reinforcing bars and RC columns are performed. Abstract This paper proposes an analytical hysteretic model for reinforcing bars considering the effects of inelastic buckling and low-cycle fatigue. A strain-dependent post-yield stiffness ratio formula is introduced into the traditional Bouc-Wen model to make it possess the asymmetrical characteristic, so that the compressive stress softening effect generally exhibited by buckling bars can be reasonably described. Meanwhile, the low-cycle fatigue degradation is also contained in the model. Based on the collected experimental hysteresis loops of reinforcing bars, the model control parameters are identified using the genetic algorithm. The corresponding prediction equations of control parameters in terms of physical parameters of the reinforcing bar, such as the slenderness ratio, yield strength and ultimate strength-to-yield strength ratio, are then established by regression analysis. Furthermore, the proposed model is implemented in OpenSees, an open-source computational platform. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by performing the comparison with the experimental results of both isolated reinforcing bars and reinforced concrete columns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large body of evidence indicates that patients with panic disorder(PD) report more obvious alexithymia, and previous studies suggest genetic factors may be play an important role in alexithymia. This study aims to examine the association between the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and alexithymia, and then to evaluate the association of the BDNFVal66Met polymorphism with PD risk. 223 patients with PD and 218 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) were administered to all subjects. And genotyping of the BDNF Val 66Met polymorphism was evaluated. Our results showed that both PD patients and normal controls with the BDNF Met/Met genotype had significantly higher total and difficulty describing feelings(DDF) subdimension scores on the TAS-20 than those with the Val/Val genotype.The patients with the BDNF Met/Met genotype were more severity of anticipatory anxiety than patients with Val/Val genotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Intrusive complexes with compositional diversity commonly document magma mixing processes and provide insights into regional magmatism and tectonics. Here, we present an integrated study involving detailed field investigations, petrography, mineral chemistry, whole-rock geochemistry, Sr Nd isotopic compositions, and zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopes for the Quxu intrusive complex in southern Tibet, with the aim of constraining the origin of the complex and gaining insights into the early Eocene magmatism and geodynamics of the southern Lhasa subterrane. The Quxu intrusive complex consists predominantly of tonalites and minor pyroxene–hornblende gabbronorites, with lesser amounts of quartz diorites within the contact zones of these two types of rock. Zircon LA–ICP–MS U Pb dating yields crystallization ages of ~51 Ma for all lithologies in this complex. The pyroxene–hornblende gabbronorites show replacement of pyroxene by amphibole and/or biotite and contain plagioclase crystals of variable composition (An 38–74) and quartz, characteristics that are consistent with a reactive process via magma mixing. The quartz diorites and tonalites preserve plagioclase crystals with complex oscillatory zoning and repeated resorption surfaces, indicating a magma mixing origin. Geochemically, the pyroxene–hornblende gabbronorites, quartz diorites, and tonalites exhibit continuous variations in most of their major- and trace-element compositions, consistent with published data for mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) and host granitoids that resulted from magma mixing. All the lithologies in the Quxu intrusive complex have homogeneous and depleted isotopic compositions, with whole-rock initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (I Sr) of 0.7038–0.7041, ε Nd (t) values of +5.5 to +6.3, and zircon ε Hf (t) values of +8.5 to +12.9. These geochemical and isotopic data, combined with the mineralogical features, indicate that the Quxu intrusive complex originated from magma mixing between mafic and felsic end-members in varying proportions. The mafic end-member was derived from the decompression melting of upwelling asthenosphere, and the felsic end-member was derived from the partial melting of juvenile lower crust triggered by underplating of a mafic end-member. Our results also indicate that breakoff of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab was responsible for the generation of the Quxu intrusive complex and, more generally, for the early Eocene magmatism in the southern Lhasa subterrane. Highlights • The Quxu complex (~51 Ma) formed by mixing between mafic and felsic magmas. • The complex shows evidence of reactive processes that record magma mixing. • The formation of the complex was related to breakoff of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency, complications, and subsequent fertility outcomes of two methods in treating patients with cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) after receiving uterine artery embolization (UAE) treatment.Patients and Methods: A total of 62 CSP patients who visited our hospital and underwent UAE from January 2013 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were either treated by dilation and curettage (D&C) guided by ultrasonography or hysteroscopy. The differences of related clinical indicators, clinical efficacy, complications, and subsequent fertility outcomes between the two groups were analyzed.Results: The rates of therapeutic success of the ultrasonography group and hysteroscopy group were 84.6% and 95.7%, respectively, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.243). However, the intraoperative blood loss, duration of hospitalization, and overall complications were significantly lower in hysteroscopy group compared with D&C guided by ultrasonography group (P<0.05 for all). Meanwhile, hysteroscopy had the advantage of discovering potential diverticulum in the lower segment of anterior wall of uterus (P<0.001).Conclusion: D&C guided by ultrasonography or hysteroscopy for the treatment of CSP after UAE resulted in similarly good clinical outcomes. Compared with treatment of D&C guided by ultrasonography, hysteroscopy had less complications and had the advantages of discovering diverticulum. It can be used as an effective way for the treatment of CSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cutting force is an important physical quantity in metal cutting, and the cutting force coefficients are the basis for establishing the cutting force model. In this paper, the relation between the cutting power and the cutting force coefficients is established. A cutting power model was established with a linear relationship between the spindle power and material removal rate (MRR). The power-based model of the main cutting force coefficients is proposed by extracting the linear equation coefficients of the power-MRR function. The power-based model of feed force coefficients is established as a quadratic polynomial equation between the motor power of the feed axis and feed rate. And the cutting force coefficients and the edge force coefficients of feed force are expressed respectively by the two orders of coefficients of the equation. The thrust force coefficients are indirectly calculated from the relation between tangential cutting force and thrust force with friction angle of tool-chip. The power-based models were verified by a series of cutting tests regarding material properties, cutting parameters, and axial directions. The results show that the cutting force coefficients obtained by measuring the cutting power have good correspondence with that identified by dynamometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]