7 results on '"Qinjian Pan"'
Search Results
2. Reliable reference genes for qPCR normalization in females of the mirid predator, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Miridae)
- Author
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Kui Hu, Ke Chen, Baobao Fu, Jianqi Liu, Yan Li, Qinjian Pan, and Fang Liu
- Subjects
Genetics ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Cell Biology ,Plant Science ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Host permissiveness to baculovirus influences time‐dependent immune responses and fitness costs
- Author
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Gary W. Felton, Ikkei Shikano, Qinjian Pan, Tong-Xian Liu, and Kelli Hoover
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Permissiveness ,Time Factors ,animal structures ,viruses ,Moths ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Virus ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,Hemolymph ,Animals ,Permissive ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,biology ,Inoculation ,Host (biology) ,fungi ,Pupa ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,biology.organism_classification ,Immunity, Innate ,Nucleopolyhedroviruses ,010602 entomology ,Autographa californica ,030104 developmental biology ,Larva ,Insect Science ,Genetic Fitness ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Insects possess specific immune responses to protect themselves from different types of pathogens. Activation of immune cascades can inflict significant developmental costs on the surviving host. To characterize infection kinetics in a surviving host that experiences baculovirus inoculation, it is crucial to determine the timing of immune responses. Here, we investigated time-dependent immune responses and developmental costs elicited by inoculations from each of two wild-type baculoviruses, Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV), in their common host H. zea. As H. zea is a semi-permissive host of AcMNPV and fully permissive to HzSNPV, we hypothesized there are differential immune responses and fitness costs associated with resisting infection by each virus species. Newly molted 4th-instar larvae that were inoculated with a low dose (LD15 ) of either virus showed significantly higher hemolymph FAD-glucose dehydrogenase (GLD) activities compared to the corresponding control larvae. Hemolymph phenoloxidase (PO) activity, protein concentration and total hemocyte numbers were not increased, but instead were lower than in control larvae at some time points post-inoculation. Larvae that survived either virus inoculation exhibited reduced pupal weight; survivors inoculated with AcMNPV grew slower than the control larvae, while survivors of HzSNPV pupated earlier than control larvae. Our results highlight the complexity of immune responses and fitness costs associated with combating different baculoviruses.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The role of 20E biosynthesis relative gene Shadow in the reproduction of the predatory mirid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Miridae)
- Author
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Jun Zhu, Wendan Zhang, Jianqi Liu, Baobao Fu, Yao Li, Kui Hu, Fang Liu, Chuchu Wang, Qinjian Pan, and Ying-Ying Tang
- Subjects
Male ,Physiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,20-Hydroxyecdysone ,Zoology ,Biochemistry ,Heteroptera ,Vitellogenin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animals ,Gene ,media_common ,biology ,Ovary ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,Midgut ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Fecundity ,Hemiptera ,Miridae ,Ecdysterone ,Fertility ,chemistry ,Insect Science ,biology.protein ,Female ,RNA Interference ,Reproduction - Abstract
Cytorhinus lividipennis is a natural enemy of rice planthoppers and leafhoppers. Improving the fecundity of C. lividipennis will be helpful to improve its control effect on pests. However, little is known about the hormonal regulatory mechanism of reproduction in C. lividipennis. In the current study, we examined the role of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) biosynthesis relative gene Shadow in the reproduction of C. lividipennis. The complementary DNA sequence of ClSad is 2018 -bp in length with an open reading frame of 1398-bp encoding 465 amino acid residues. ClSad was readily detected in nymphal and adult stages, and highly expressed in the adult stage. ClSad was highly expressed in the midgut and ovaries of adult females. Moreover, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of ClSad reduced the 20E titers and ClVg transcript level, resulting in fewer fully developed eggs and a decrease in the number of eggs laid by dsSad-injected adult females within 15 days. These results suggest that ClSad plays a critical role in the reproduction of C. lividipennis. The present study provides insights into the molecular mechanism of the ClSad gene for the reproduction of C. lividipennis.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Enterobacter ludwigii, isolated from the gut microbiota of Helicoverpa zea, promotes tomato plant growth and yield without compromising anti-herbivore defenses
- Author
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Tong-Xian Liu, Kelli Hoover, Qinjian Pan, Gary W. Felton, and Ikkei Shikano
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Herbivore ,Ecology ,biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Polyphenol oxidase ,Hypocotyl ,010602 entomology ,Horticulture ,Germination ,Insect Science ,Shoot ,Plant defense against herbivory ,Helicoverpa zea ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Bacteria - Abstract
Insect herbivores possess a diverse and abundant gut microbiota that may influence plant growth in nature. The application of plant beneficial bacteria to improve agricultural production and soil quality has long been of interest. Thus, these insect-associated microbiota have the potential to be developed into effective bio-fertilizers. The bacterium, Enterobacter ludwigii, was isolated from the regurgitant of field-collected tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpa zea. The bacterium can be secreted by the insect onto tomato seeds during fruit feeding and is also commonly found in the soil. We applied E. ludwigii to germinated tomato seeds and measured tomato plant growth and productivity under controlled greenhouse conditions. Since there are often trade-offs between plant growth and plant defenses, we examined whether the E. ludwigii-mediated faster growth corresponds with weaker anti-herbivore defenses. When E. ludwigii was applied to germinated tomato seeds, the plants exhibited faster root, shoot and hypocotyl growth, and produced more fruits and seeds than untreated control plants. The plants treated with bacteria exhibited the same activity levels of two key enzymes involved in anti-herbivore defenses, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, and induced the same levels of mortality and growth inhibition in H. zea larvae as untreated plants. Thus, our results demonstrate that the application of E. ludwigii to seeds can promote tomato plant growth and yield without compromising anti-herbivore defenses.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Pathogen-Mediated Tritrophic Interactions: Baculovirus-Challenged Caterpillars Induce Higher Plant Defenses than Healthy Caterpillars
- Author
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Kelli Hoover, Qinjian Pan, Tong-Xian Liu, Ikkei Shikano, and Gary W. Felton
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Insect ,Phospholipase ,Moths ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Salivary Glands ,Microbiology ,Host-Parasite Interactions ,Solanum lycopersicum ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Plant defense against herbivory ,Animals ,Herbivory ,Caterpillar ,Pathogen ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,media_common ,Peroxidase ,Plant Proteins ,biology ,Effector ,fungi ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Feeding Behavior ,biology.organism_classification ,Plant Leaves ,010602 entomology ,RNA, Plant ,Larva ,biology.protein ,Helicoverpa zea ,Baculoviridae ,Catechol Oxidase ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Although the tritrophic interactions of plants, insect herbivores and their natural enemies have been intensely studied for several decades, the roles of entomopathogens in their indirect modulation of plant-insect relationships is still unclear. Here, we employed a sublethal dose of a baculovirus with a relatively broad host range (AcMNPV) to explore if feeding by baculovirus-challenged Helicoverpa zea caterpillars induces direct defenses in the tomato plant. We examined induction of plant defenses following feeding by H. zea, including tomato plants fed on by healthy caterpillars, AcMNPV-challenged caterpillars, or undamaged controls, and subsequently compared the transcript levels of defense related proteins (i.e., trypsin proteinase inhibitors, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) and other defense genes (i.e., proteinase inhibitor II and cysteine proteinase inhibitor) from these plants, in addition to comparing caterpillar relative growth rates. As a result, AcMNPV-challenged caterpillars induced the highest plant anti-herbivore defenses. We examined several elicitors and effectors in the secretions of these caterpillars (i.e., glucose oxidase, phospholipase C, and ATPase hydrolysis), which surprisingly did not differ between treatments. Hence, we suggest that the greater induction of plant defenses by the virus-challenged caterpillars may be due to differences in the amount of these secretions deposited during feeding or to some other unknown factor(s).
- Published
- 2019
7. Herbivore-Induced Defenses in Tomato Plants Enhance the Lethality of the Entomopathogenic Bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki
- Author
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Qinjian Pan, Ikkei Shikano, Kelli Hoover, and Gary W. Felton
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Biological pest control ,Bacillus thuringiensis ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Polyphenol oxidase ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Solanum lycopersicum ,Botany ,Oxidative enzyme ,Plant defense against herbivory ,Animals ,Herbivory ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Peroxidase ,Herbivore ,biology ,Jasmonic acid ,fungi ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Larva ,Helicoverpa zea ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Catechol Oxidase - Abstract
Plants can influence the effectiveness of microbial insecticides through numerous mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is the oxidation of plant phenolics by plant enzymes, such as polyphenol oxidases (PPO) and peroxidases (POD). These reactions generate a variety of products and intermediates that play important roles in resistance against herbivores. Oxidation of the catecholic phenolic compound chlorogenic acid by PPO enhances the lethality of the insect-killing bacterial pathogen, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Bt) to the polyphagous caterpillar, Helicoverpa zea. Since herbivore feeding damage often triggers the induction of higher activities of oxidative enzymes in plant tissues, here we hypothesized that the induction of plant defenses would enhance the lethality of Bt on those plants. We found that the lethality of a commercial formulation of Bt (Dipel® PRO DF) on tomato plants was higher if it was applied to plants that were induced by H. zea feeding or induced by the phytohormone jasmonic acid. Higher proportions of H. zea larvae killed by Bt were strongly correlated with higher levels of PPO activity in the leaflet tissue. Higher POD activity was only weakly associated with higher levels of Bt-induced mortality. While plant-mediated variation in entomopathogen lethality is well known, our findings demonstrate that plants can induce defensive responses that work in concert with a microbial insecticide/entomopathogen to protect against insect herbivores.
- Published
- 2018
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