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Funding: This work was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. A.W.R. acknowledges support by EPSRC Grant No. EP/P024564/1. Cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) performed in a high vector magnetic field provide unique possibilities for imaging surface magnetic structures and anisotropic superconductivity and exploring spin physics in quantum materials with atomic precision. Here, we describe the design, construction, and performance of a low-temperature, ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) spectroscopic-imaging STM equipped with a vector magnet capable of applying a field of up to 3 T in any direction with respect to the sample surface. The STM head is housed in a fully bakeable UHV compatible cryogenic insert and is operational over variable temperatures ranging from ∼300 down to 1.5 K. The insert can be easily upgraded using our home-designed 3He refrigerator. In addition to layered compounds, which can be cleaved at a temperature of either ∼300, ∼77, or ∼4.2 K to expose an atomically flat surface, thin films can also be studied by directly transferring using a UHV suitcase from our oxide thin-film laboratory. Samples can be treated further with a heater and a liquid helium/nitrogen cooling stage on a three-axis manipulator. The STM tips can be treated in vacuo by e-beam bombardment and ion sputtering. We demonstrate the successful operation of the STM with varying the magnetic field direction. Our facility provides a way to study materials in which magnetic anisotropy is a key factor in determining the electronic properties such as in topological semimetals and superconductors. Postprint

In this study, α-lactalbumin-chitosan (ALA-CHI) colloidal nanoparticles were spontaneously formed mainly through electrostatic interactions for stabilizing Pickering emulsion loaded with health-beneficial but unstable menhaden oil. The oxidative stability of menhaden oil was supposed to be significantly enhanced with Pickering emulsion-based delivery systems with ALA-CHI colloidal particles. The film of ALA-CHI colloidal nanoparticles had higher surface hydrophobicity than ALA at pH 5.0, and 6.5. A near-neutral wettability (89.6°) of ALA-CHI nanoparticles was observed at pH 5.0. Stable Pickering emulsions (60% menhaden oil fraction, w/w) were successfully fabricated with only 0.12% (w/w) of ALA-CHI nanoparticles. Pickering emulsions exhibited superior storage, heat, and centrifugation stability. The formation of gel-like structures was confirmed by rheological results. The viscosity and storage modulus in the frequency range of 0.1 to 10 Hz with a 1.0% strain exhibited remarkable increases with increasing colloidal particle concentration or oil fraction. Increasing oil fractions from 20% to 60% (w/w) or colloidal particle concentrations 0.12% to 2.40% (w/w) can pronouncedly facilitate the inhibition of lipid oxidation, as confirmed by detecting the formation of primary and secondary oxidation products.

Fabricated pea protein isolate (PPI) nanofibrils were used as nanocarriers to encapsulate, stabilize and deliver resveratrol (RES). PPI nanofibrils possessed a dramatically higher surface hydrophobicity than PPI (native), and PPI nanofibrils exhibited nanoscale widths of 10 nm and average lengths of 1.0 μm. Fluorescence analyses demonstrated PPI nanofibrils had high binding constant with RES. Compared with RES (free), the aqueous solubility of RES was improved by approximately 1000-fold with PPI nanofibrils complex. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity assays showed that the antioxidant capacity of RES was pronouncedly enhanced through the nanocomplexation with PPI nanofibrils. RES-PPI nanofibrils complexes exhibited higher antiproliferative activities than RES (free), with the cell viabilities of 52.6% and 38.5% for RES (free) and RES-PPI nanofibrils complex at 20 μg/mL. This study demonstrates that PPI nanofibrils can be utilized as novel nanocarriers for improvements of the water solubility, chemical stability and in vitro biological activities of hydrophobic nutraceuticals.

Given a topological space X, the set Q ( X ) of all nonempty saturated compact subsets of X is a poset with respect to the reverse inclusion order. The posets of the form Q ( X ) play important roles in several aspects of domain theory. In this paper, we investigate some further properties of such posets, in particular their links to the dcpo models of T 1 topological spaces.

In this paper, concepts of generalized algebraic information system (in short, GA-inf) and weak algebraic information system (in short, wA-inf) are introduced. Relationships among several algebraicities of information systems are explored. Main results are: (1) A dcpo D is an algebraic domain iff D is represented by an algebraic information system (in short, A-inf), and iff D is represented by a GA-inf; (2) every A-inf is a GA-inf and a wA-inf; (3) every C-inf S ( D , B ) induced by a domain with a basis B is a wA-inf; (4) the category WAINF of wA-infs and approximable mappings is equivalent to the category DOM of domains and Scott continuous functions; (5) every wA-inf S satisfying Condition (MT) is a retract of w S (the information structure induced by S ) in category WAINF of wA-infs and approximable mappings. Particularly, C-inf S ( D , B ) induced by a domain D with a basis B is a retract of A-inf w S ( D , B ) in category WAINF.

In recent years, deep learning has been widely used in the field of image understanding and made breakthroughs research progress in image understanding. Because remote sensing application and image understanding are inseparable, researchers have carried out a lot of research on the application of deep learning in remote sensing field, and extended the deep learning method to various application fields of remote sensing. This paper summarizes the basic principles of deep learning and its research progress and typical applications in remote sensing, introduces the current main deep learning model and its development history, focuses on the analysis and elaboration of the research status of deep learning in remote sensing image classification, object detection and change detection, and on this basis, summarizes the typical applications and their application effects. Finally, according to the current application of deep learning in remote sensing, the main problems and future development directions are summarized.

The interactions between bovine α-lactalbumin and procyanidin B2 were fully investigated by spectroscopic methods and molecular docking. This study hypothesized that ALA could spontaneously interact with procyanidin B2 to form protein-based complex delivery carrier. Far UV CD and FTIR data demonstrated ALA's secondary structures were altered and intrinsic fluorescence quenching suggested ALA conformation was changed with procyanidin B2. Calorimetric technique illustrated ALA-procyanidin B2 complexation was a spontaneous and exothermic process with the number of binding site (n, 3.53) and the binding constant (K

Continuous and low‐energy desalination technologies are in high demand to enable sustainable water remediation. Our work introduces a continuous desalination process based on the redox reaction of a dual‐zinc electrode. The system consists of two zinc foils as redox electrodes with flowing ZnCl2 electrolyte, concentrated and diluted salt streams with three anion‐ and cation‐exchange membranes (AEM and CEM) separated configuration (AEM|CEM|AEM). If a constant current is applied, the negative zinc electrode is oxidized, and electrons are released to the external circuit, whereas the positive zinc electrode is reduced, causing salt removal in the dilution stream. The results showed that brackish water can be directly desalted to 380.6 ppm during a continuous batch‐mode process. The energy consumption can be as low as 35.30 kJ mol−1 at a current density of 0.25 mA cm−2, which is comparable to reverse osmosis. In addition, the dual‐zinc electrode electrochemical desalination demonstrates excellent rate performance, reversibility, and batch cyclability through electrode exchange regeneration. Our research provides a route for continuous low‐energy desalination based on metal redox mediators., Continuous desalination! A novel dual‐zinc electrode electrochemical desalination process allows continuous desalination at low energy consumption. Brackish water is directly desalted from 2000 to 380.6 ppm during a continuous batch‐mode process. The energy consumption is as low as 35.30 kJ mol−1 at a current density of 0.25 mA cm−2, which is comparable to reverse osmosis.

Tuning many-body electronic phases by an external handle is of both fundamental and practical importance in condensed matter science. The tunability mirrors the underlying interactions, and gigantic electric, optical and magnetic responses to minute external stimuli can be anticipated in the critical region of phase change. The excitonic insulator is one of the exotic phases of interacting electrons, produced by the Coulomb attraction between a small and equal number of electrons and holes, leading to the spontaneous formation of exciton pairs in narrow-gap semiconductors/semimetals. The layered chalcogenide Ta$_2$NiSe$_5$ has been recently discussed as such an excitonic insulator with an excitation gap of ~250 meV below $T_c$ = 328 K. Here, we demonstrate a drastic collapse of the excitation gap in Ta$_2$NiSe$_5$ and the realization of a zero-gap state by moving the tip of a cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope towards the sample surface by a few angstroms. The collapse strongly suggests the many-body nature of the gap in the insulating state of Ta$_2$NiSe$_5$, consistent with the formation of an excitonic state. We argue that the collapse of the gap is driven predominantly by the electrostatic charge accumulation at the surface induced by the proximity of the tip and the resultant carrier doping of the excitonic insulator. Our results establish a novel phase-change function based on excitonic insulators.

The consistent Smyth powerdomain R Q C ( X ) of a topological space X means the family of all nonempty relatively compact-connected saturated subsets of X, ordered by the reverse inclusion and endowed with the upper Vietoris topology. In this paper, we study properties of consistent Smyth powerdomains of certain topological spaces (especially, quasicontinuous domains equipped with the Scott topology) from topological, order theoretical and categorical aspects. Main results are: (i) a topological space X is sober iff R Q C ( X ) is sober; (ii) if X is locally compact-connected, well-filtered and coherent, then R Q C ( X ) is coherent; (iii) every dcpo equipped with the Scott topology is locally connected, and if a dcpo L is finitely up-generated, locally compact, well-filtered and coherent, then R Q C ( L ) is a Lawson compact L-domain; (iv) if L is a quasicontinuous domain (resp., a Lawson compact quasicontinuous domain, a quasialgebraic domain), then R Q C ( L ) is a continuous dcpo- ∧ ↑ -semilattice (resp., a Lawson compact L-domain, an algebraic dcpo- ∧ ↑ -semilattice); (v) it is proved that R Q C ( L ) is a free continuous dcpo- ∧ ↑ -semilattice over a quasicontinuous domain L.

Let D be a Scott-domain and [ D → c D ] (resp., [ D → s D ] ) its conditionally multiplicative (CM for short) (resp., stable) function space. Zhang (1996) [19] mentioned that if [ D → c D ] is bounded complete, D should be distributive. In the first part of this paper, we prove that if [ D → c D ] or [ D → s D ] is bounded complete, then D is distributive, which confirms that his conjecture is true. Amadio (1991) [3] and Curien (1998) [4] raised the question of whether the category of stable bifinite domains (SB for short) in sense of Amadio–Droste is the largest Cartesian closed full subcategory of the category of ω-algebraic meet-cpos with CM functions (ω-SAM for short). In the second part of this paper, we prove that for any ω-algebraic meet-cpo D and certain non-distributive finite poset M ˜ , if [ D → c M ˜ ] , [ [ D → c M ˜ ] → c [ D → c M ˜ ] ] and [ [ [ D → c M ˜ ] → c M ˜ ] → c [ [ D → c M ˜ ] → c M ˜ ] ] are ω-algebraic, then we have that (1) D is finitary; (2) if D is not stable bifinite, then [ [ D → c M ˜ ] → c [ D → c M ˜ ] ] is not finitary. So, the category SB is a maximal Cartesian closed full subcategory of ω-SAM, which gives a partial solution to the problem posed by Amadio and Curien.

A model of a $$T_1$$ topological space X is a poset P such that the set of maximal points of P with the relative Scott topology is homeomorphic to X. In this paper, we prove that (i) a $$T_1$$ space is Baire if and only if it has a dcpo model whose Scott space is Baire; (ii) a $$T_1$$ space is Choquet complete iff it has a dcpo model whose Scott space is Choquet complete; (iii) a $$T_1$$ space has a quasicontinuous dcpo model iff it has a continuous dcpo model.

In this paper, we are mainly concerned with semicontinuity of complete lattices and their distributive reflections, introduced by Rav in 1989. We prove that for a complete lattice L, the distributive reflection Ld is isomorphic to the lattice of all radicals determined by principal ideals of L in the set-inclusion order, obtaining a method to depict the distributive reflection of a given lattice. It is also proved that if a complete lattice L is semicontinuous and every semiprime element x ∈ L is the largest in d(x), then Ld is continuous whenever the distributive reflector d is Scott continuous. We construct counterexamples to confirm a conjecture and solve two open problems posed by Zhao in 1997.

In terms of Scott-closed sets, the concept of QC-continuous posets, a generalization of C-continuous lattices is introduced. With this new concept, the following results are obtained: (1) a complete lattice is generalized completely distributive (GCD) iff it is quasicontinuous and QC-continuous; (2) a dcpo L is quasicontinuous (resp., quasialgebraic) iff the Hoare powerdomain H ( L ) is quasicontinuous (resp., quasialgebraic); (3) the Hoare powerdomain H ( L ) of a QFS-domain L is still a QFS-domain.

Let CONT ≪ be the category of continuous domains and Scott continuous mappings that preserve the way-below relation on domains. Let ω-ALG ≪ be the full subcategory of CONT ≪ consisting of all countably based algebraic domains, and F I N be the category of finite posets and monotone mappings. The main result proved in this paper is that F I N is the largest Cartesian closed full subcategory of ω-ALG ≪. On the other hand, it is shown that the algebraic L-domains form a Cartesian closed full subcategory of ALG ≪.

In this note, the quasicontinuity of a dcpo and its principal ideals/filters are considered. It is shown that every principal ideal, as a subposet, in a quasicontinuous domain is also a quasicontinuous domain. A dcpo is quasicontinuous if every principal ideal is quasicontinuous and it has finitely many maximal elements. For a bc-domain being quasicontinuous, the requirement of directedness of the approximation family of each element can be omitted.

Along with the rapid development of the Chinese economy, there is an increasing demand for power consumption in southern China. The China Huaneng Group plans to build the Huaneng Baise Power Plant in the Baise region of Guangxi Province. The plant site is located in Baise City, Tianyang County, and is close to the Youjiang fault zone, which is an active fault zone. To investigate the impact of the active fault zone on the planned power plant, the geographical distribution of the fault zone and its relationship to the plant site should be further clarified. Because the plant site is covered by a Quaternary overburden layer and the Youjiang fault zone is concealed beneath the layer, the geographical relationship between the Youjiang fault zone and the plant site is difficult to determine. This paper reports on a comprehensive investigation using multiple approaches, including drilling, geophysical prospecting and a geological survey. By searching the moniliform spring heads and comparing strata variations and topographic changes between the foot wall and the hanging wall of the active fault zone, the location and trend of the Youjiang active fault zone were determined. The characteristics of this fault zone were further analyzed using high-density resistivity measurements and seismic imaging. Preliminary studies were conducted on the impact of the Youjiang active fault zone on the planned Huaneng Baise Power Plant, which provide an important basis for seismic safety assessment and also a significant reference for a feasibility study of the power plant. This investigation is a part of The Feasibility Study Project of Huaneng Baise Power Plant.

Abstarct Hexagonal bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3 ) nanoplates and nanorings were synthesized by a simple solvothermal process. The composition, morphology and size of the as-prepared products were investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy in detail. The systemically experiments have been performed to investigate the effect of alkaline additive NaOH on composition and morphology of Bi 2 Te 3 nanostructures. The results indicate that alkaline additive NaOH is not necessary for the formation of Bi 2 Te 3 nanostructures in a solvothermal process. However, NaOH plays an important role in determining the morphology and size of Bi 2 Te 3 nanostructures. When the experiment was carried out with NaOH concentration ranging from 5 to 7 M, hexagonal Bi 2 Te 3 nanoplates with edge length of 140–280 nm were synthesized. When the experiment was carried out at higher NaOH concentration of 9–11 M, hexagonal Bi 2 Te 3 nanorings were fabricated by dissolving the inner part of the hexagonal nanoplates with NaOH for the first time. A possible formation mechanism has been proposed based on the experimental results and analysis. This work may open a new rational route for the synthesis of hexagonal Bi 2 Te 3 nanorings which may have some scientific and technological applications in various functional devices.

We are mainly concerned with some special kinds of semicontinuous domains and relationships between them. New concepts of strongly semicontinuous domains, meet semicontinuous domains and semi-FS domains are introduced. It is shown that a dcpoLis strongly semicontinuous if and only ifLis semicontinuous and meet semicontinuous. It is proved that semi-FS domains are strongly semicontinuous. Some interpolation properties of semiway-below relations in (strongly) semicontinuous bc-domains are given. In terms of these properties, it is proved that strongly semicontinuous bc-domains, in particular strongly semicontinuous lattices, are all semi-FS domains.

We describe a novel route for the conversion of hexagonal Sb(2)Te(3) nanoplates into nanorings driven by growth temperature in a simple solvothermal process. The transmission electron microscopy was employed to investigate systemically the morphology, size, crystallinity, and microstructure of the as-prepared products. The experiments indicated that the growth temperature had a great effect on the morphology of antimony telluride nanostructures. When the experiments were conducted at 200 °C, the hexagonal antimony telluride nanoplates were obtained. However, if the experiments were carried out at higher temperature of 230 °C, the hexagonal antimony telluride nanorings were achieved by dissolution of the inner part with a higher density of defects of the hexagonal nanoplates for the first time. A possible formation mechanism was proposed on the basis of experimental results and analysis. This work may open a new rational route for the synthesis of the hexagonal antimony telluride nanorings, which may have scientific and technological applications in various functional devices.

To identify ubiquitinated proteins from complex human multiple myeloma (MM) U266 cells, a malignant disorder of differentiated human B cells.Employing a globally proteomic strategy combining of immunoprecipitation, LC-MS/MS and SCX-LC-MS analysis to identified ubiquitination sites, which were identified by detecting signature peptides containing a GG-tag (114.1 Da) and an LRGG-tag (383.2 Da).In total, 52 ubiquitinated proteins containing 73 ubiquitination sites of which 14 and 59 sites contained LRGG-tag and GG-tag were identified, respectively.Classification analysis by of the proteins identified in the study based on the PANTHER showed that they were associated with multiple functional groups. This suggested the involvement of many endogenous proteins in the ubiquitination in MM.