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This paper compared the expected accuracy of the gray GM (1, 1) model and the combined GMBP model using a data set for major road traffic accidents. A combined GMBP prediction model composed of the very first parameter gray model GM (1, 1) is able to make exact predictions for forecasting dreary type of processes, and BP (back-propagation) neural network for a major traffic accident is proposed to overcome the limitations of a single prediction model for a major traffic accident. The method first obtains predicted data using the gray GM (1, 1) model, then trains the BP neural network using the GM (1, 1) model’s predicted data and the original data as input and output data, respectively, and finally the trained BP neural network can be considered a combined GMBP prediction model. The predicted data of the digit of major traffic accidents, the digit of fatalities, and the digit of damages from 2008 to 2020 were obtained using the combined GMBP prediction model, and it is compared with the expected data of the single gray GM (1, 1) model. The grades showed that the exactitude of the combined GMBP prediction model was significantly higher than that of the single gray GM (1, 1) model. Finally, from 2021 to 2033, the combined GMBP prediction model is used to forecast the number of significant road traffic incidents, mortalities, and damages. The prediction results show that the number of accidents, faculties, and injuries is on the decline in the future years.

Functional signatures (FS) enable a master authority to delegate its signing privilege to an assistant. Concretely, the master authority uses its secret key skF to issue a signing key skf for a designated function $$f \in {{\cal F}_{{\rm{FS}}}}$$ and sends both f and skf to the assistant $${\cal E}$$ , which is then able to compute a signature σf with respect to pkF for a message y in the range of f. In this paper, we modify the syntax of FS slightly to support the application scenario where a certificate of authorization is necessary. Compared with the original FS, our definition requires that $${{\cal F}_{{\rm{FS}}}}$$ is an injective function family and for any f0, $${f_1} \in {{\cal F}_{{\rm{FS}}}}$$ there does not exist an intersection between range(f0) and range(f1). Accordingly, we redefine the security of FS and introduce two additional security notions, called unlinkability and accountability. Signatures σf in our definition do not expose the intention of the master authority. We propose two constructions of FS. The first one is a generic construction based on signatures with perfectly re-randomizable keys, non-interactive zero-knowledge proof (NIZK) and traditional digital signatures, and the other is based on RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) signatures with full domain hash and NIZK. We prove that both schemes are secure under the given security models.

Laba garlic is a kind of processed garlic products, it is the traditional Chinese food with a long history. In this study, the antitumor, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of the blue pigment (BP) from Laba garlic were investigated. N-trans-feruloyltyramine (FLA) was isolated and identified from BP. The protective effects of FLA against H2O2-induced oxidative damages in L02 cells were also assessed. The apoptotic effects of FLA were detected by using flow cytometry analysis. Results showed that the tumor growth was significantly suppressed by BP (P

To evaluate the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from corn silk in H2O2 induced oxidative damage in L6 skeletal muscle cells. A polysaccharide (CSP2) was isolated from corn silk. Structure analysis of CSP2 with 1D and 2D NMR indicated that CSP2 was composed of (1→6)-linked α-d-glucose. The substituent of the α-d-glucose is composed of (1→3)-linked α-l-arabinose, (1→4)-linked β-d-galactose and (1→3,5)-linked β-d-mannose, with β-d-xylose and α-l-rhamnose as terminal unit. CSP2 had the potential to scavenge DPPH and hydroxyl radical and inhibit hemolysis in vitro. CSP2 was found to suppress oxidant stress by improving the enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, and GPX. Rodamine 123 staining results showed that the pretreatment of CSP2 prevented changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the fluorescence intensity in L6 cells in the presence of H2O2. These results suggested that CSP2 could be utilized as a potential antioxidant supplement to prevent oxidative stress.

Laba garlic is a traditional Chinese processed garlic (Allium sativum L.) with multiple health benefits. This study was aimed at isolating and identifying three antimicrobial peptide fractions from laba garlic using Sephadex chromatography, pre-HPLC and LC-MS/MS and investigating the potential antimicrobial mechanism. The sequences of the three peptides were demonstrated to be Tyr-Asn-His-Asn-Phe (YNHNF, F3-3-a), Trp-Pro-Thr-Ser-Phe-Thr (WPTSFT, F3-3-b) and Ala-Val-Asp-Arg-Ala-Val (AVDRAV, F3-3-c), respectively. F3-3-c showed the strongest anti-microbial effects among these three fractions and it could inhibit the mycelial growth of E. coli and S. aureus in vitro with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 μM and exhibited negligible hemolytic activity. F3-3-c showed amphipathic properties with the presence of α-helix (25.8 ± 0.56%), β-strands (19.7 ± 0.45%), turns (21.2 ± 0.78%) and unordered conformation (33.3 ± 1.09%). Treatment of F3-3-c resulted in a change in the morphology of the hyphae and the disruption of membrane integrity as shown by SEM and TEM analyses. These results suggested that the laba garlic peptide F3-3-c might be a promising candidate for antibiotics and related functional foods.

In order to illustrate the hypoglycemic mechanism of the dietary anthocyanins from black soybean, the effects of black soybean seed coat extract (BSSCE) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Cy3G), the major anthocyanins of BSSCE on regulation of Akt and GLUT4 in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells were studied. BSSCE and Cy3G significantly augmented the glucose uptake in L6 myotubes in comparison to the normal control (p

Diabetes mellitus is a kind of common metabolic disease that causes severe life health problems. It attracts worldwide concerns, but there is no total cure method for it till now. Many natural products including polysaccharides have been studied for the treatment of diabetes. This review conducts a literature search of recent years to obtain the relevant information of antidiabetic polysaccharides and polysaccharide complexes from animals, plants, algae, fungi, and bacterial, which have showed antidiabetic properties. Recent progress in the structure–activity relationship of various natural polysaccharides that possessed antihyperglycemic effects is discussed. Antidiabetic properties of the polysaccharides and the complexes are mediated mainly through the following mechanisms: (1) improving cell dysfunction, (2) inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, and (3) targeting signaling pathways on enhancing insulin action and improving glucose metabolism. And it prospects the challenges in this research field. This review will develop a better understanding of the polysaccharides antihyperglycemic effects. It is useful for designing more effective agents for the management of diabetic diseases.

In this study, a novel and efficient synchronously immobilization of double enzymes (DE, alcalase and trypsin) were developed by using the chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@CS-TPP) as support. The physicochemical properties of DE-Fe3O4@CS-TPP NPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and magnetic measurements. The preparation conditions and stabilities were also optimized and assessed. Results showed that the optimum preparation conditions were as follows: ratio of alcalase and trypsin of 3:1, enzyme concentration of 6% (w/w), temperature of 50 °C and pH of 9.0, the enzyme concentration absorbed by Fe3O4@CS-TPP NPs of 6 mg mL−1, immoblization time of 4 h, and glutaraldehyde content of 3% (w/w). The Km and Vmax values were determined as 0.5035 mg mL−1, 6.900 mg mL−1 min−1 for the immobilized enzymes, respectively. DE-Fe3O4@CS-TPP NPs was more stable than the free enzyme above 40 °C. The activity of DE-Fe3O4@CS-TPP NPs was preserved 86% after 35 days storage and retained more than 60% of its initial activity after ten times of successive reuse. Application of DE-Fe3O4@CS-TPP NPs in various protein hydrolysis showed favorable degrees of hydrolysis, yields and antioxidant activity. The results demonstrated that the DE-Fe3O4@CS-TPP NPs were suitable for application in food protein hydrolysis.

Garlic protein (GP) was enzymatically hydrolyzed using pepsin and trypsin followed by the evaluation of antioxidant and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of GP and its hydrolysates. The antihypertensive effects of GP and its hydrolysates were determined in vivo. The results showed that GP and its hydrolysates namely GPH-P (pepsin) and GPH-T (trypsin) possessed appreciable antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities. The ACE inhibitory activity of GP, GPH-T, and GPH-P was in consistent with their antioxidant activities. GP and its hydrolysates offered significant protective effects against H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage (p

The foundation design should adhere to the principles of adapting measures to local conditions, using local materials, protecting the environment and saving resources. Based on the geotechnical engineering survey data, the design should be carried out by comprehensively considering the factors such as structure type, material situation and construction conditions. The pile foundation design is adopted in this project. includes the determination of pile end bearing layer and pile length, the determination of vertical bearing capacity of single pile, the calculation of pile number and pile layout form, the checking calculation of pile foundation bearing capacity and settlement, the design and checking calculation of pile body structure, the design and checking calculation of pile cap. Until all requirements of the specification are met.

Aimed at the two problems of underwater imaging, fog effect and color cast, an Improved Segmentation Dark Channel Prior (ISDCP) defogging method is proposed to solve the fog effects caused by physical properties of water. Due to mass refraction of light in the process of underwater imaging, fog effects would lead to image blurring. And color cast is closely related to different degree of attenuation while light with different wavelengths is traveling in water. The proposed method here integrates the ISDCP and quantitative histogram stretching techniques into the image enhancement procedure. Firstly, the threshold value is set during the refinement process of the transmission maps to identify the original mismatching, and to conduct the differentiated defogging process further. Secondly, a method of judging the propagating distance of light is adopted to get the attenuation degree of energy during the propagation underwater. Finally, the image histogram is stretched quantitatively in Red-Green-Blue channel respectively according to the degree of attenuation in each color channel. The proposed method ISDCP can reduce the computational complexity and improve the efficiency in terms of defogging effect to meet the real-time requirements. Qualitative and quantitative comparison for several different underwater scenes reveals that the proposed method can significantly improve the visibility compared with previous methods.

As a functional food, the unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu have been widely used in China for thousands of years. Twenty-five major ellagitannins (ETs) were identified from the unripe fruits, and a novel ellagitannin, chingiitannin A (1), together with four other known ETs (2-5) were isolated and identified by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and 2D-NMR. Chingiitannin A showed the highest α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities (IC50 2.89 and 4.52 μM, respectively), which occurred in a reversible and noncompetitive manner. Static quenching was indicated in a fluorescence quenching assay. Molecular docking results revealed that chingiitannin A interacted with the enzymes mainly by hydrogen bonding and was bound in the allosteric site. Chingiitannin A was nontoxic, and it increased the glucose uptake in L6 myotubes. The results suggested that the unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu are rich sources of ETs, and chingiitannin A might be a good candidate for functional foods or antidiabetic drugs.

Vehicle parking is not only an important problem in urban traffic, but also an important factor affecting the relationship between cities and within cities. In this paper, by investigating the parking conditions of Jiaozuo Wanda Plaza in 2018, important parameters such as average parking time on weekdays and holidays, berth turnover rate, parking utilization rate and centralized parking index were obtained. Based on the obtained parameters, multi-angle optimization analysis was conducted on the parking lot. In order to reduce the congestion of the entrance and exit of parking lots and improve parking efficiency, this paper adopts the method of increasing the entrance and exit of parking lots and optimizing the route. It has great reference value in practical application.

Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), a tea polyphenol is renowned for its anti-diabetic properties, however limited studies elucidate its hypoglycemic mechanism from multi-perspectives. In the present study, the interaction between EGCG and α-glucosidase was investigated through kinetics analysis, fluorescence spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra and molecular docking studies. Additionally, the effect of EGCG on glucose uptake and its related signaling pathway in L6 muscle cells were also investigated. The results showed that the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of EGCG (IC50 = 19.5 ± 0.3 μM) was higher than that acarbose (IC50 = 278.7 ± 1.1 μM). EGCG inhibited α-glucosidase in a reversible and non-competitive manner. EGCG quenched the fluorescence of α-glucosidase due to the complex formation between EGCG and α-glucosidase, where the hydrogen bonds played a critical role. Microenvironment and the secondary structure of α-glucosidase were highly influenced by EGCG. Molecular docking results indicated that the binding sites on α-glucosidase for EGCG were close to the active site pocket of the enzyme. EGCG was also found to enhance the glucose uptake and promote GLUT4 translocation to plasma membrane via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Overall, these results revealed the possible hypoglycemic mechanism of EGCG.

To evaluate the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from corn silk in H

The effect of traditional Chinese medicine Kouchuang Xiaotong powder on patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer is observed and analyzed. 140 patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer in our hospital were selected as research objects, which were randomly divided into two groups: study group and control group. Among them, the patients in study group were treated with traditional Chinese medicine kouchuang xiaotong powder, and patients in control group were given the general routine treatment, comparing overall effective treatment of the two groups. Through comparing the time of pain disappearance, the size of ulcer after treatment, ulcer healing time and the time of feeding improvement, the results showed that study group had more obvious advantages than control group with P0.05; through comparing pain score and overall curative effect of the two groups, study group was significantly superior than control group with P0.05.The treatment of traditional Chinese medicine Kouchang Xiaotong powder on patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer, it can obtain good effect, significantly improve the curative effect and promote recovery as soon as possible.

Dietary fiber from Lentinula edodes (LEDF) residues were obtained using various extrusion conditions and their physicochemical and functional properties, such as glucose adsorption capacity (GAC), water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, glucose retardation (GRI) and bile acid retardation index (BRI) were measured. Based on principal component analysis, the optimal extrusion conditions were determined, i.e., extrusion temperature 130 °C, moisture content 40% and screw speed 125 r/min. The dietary fiber contained 3.6% soluble and 88% insoluble dietary fiber and the major components were cellulose (26%) and hemicellulose (42%). Compared with untreated fibers, GAC and BRI of LEDF with optimal extrusion conditions increased 0.46 mg/mg and 28%, respectively. Regression analysis suggested that GRI and hemicellulose showed a significant positive correlation (p≤0.05). Overall, it could be suggested that the LEDF obtained with the optimized extrusion condition might be used as a potential ingredient in functional foods.

Polysaccharides and flavonoids co-existed in corn silk (Maydis stigma) could interact inevitably during processing and digestion. In this study, the binding interaction between three polysaccharides with different molecular weight and flavonoids from corn silk was characterized using molecular dynamic and thermodynamic simulation. And the corn silk polysaccharides-flavonoids complex (CSP - CSF complex) was characterized using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, circular dichroism (CD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The three polysaccharides from corn silk showed the molecular weight distributions of 43.3 kDa, 61.3 kDa and 106.6 kDa, respectively, and they had the same monosaccharide types with different ratios. The adsorption of flavonoids to polysaccharides might be mostly driven by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding, and it could be described through various isothermal models and thermodynamic equations such as Langmuir, Freundlich equations and Clausius-Clapeyron equation. This type of interactions could improve the biological activities of polysaccharides such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition.

In this study, a novel and efficient synchronously immobilization of double enzymes (DE, alcalase and trypsin) were developed by using the chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe

This study was to investigate the physicochemical properties and anticancer effects of polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes extracted under high pressure cooking treatment (HPLPS) in vitro and in vivo. The extraction efficiency was improved. The main molecular weight of HPLPS was about 540 and about 227 kDa. And the inhibitory effects on HepG2 and HeLa cells of HPLPS were significantly increased (p