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Diversity of fruit color in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) has been attributed to the presence of either anthocyanin or carotenoid. We profiled the anthocyanin and carotenoid metabolites to investigate the most different pigments and the underlying regulatory mechanisms of differential expression genes (DEGs) between red and yellow fruits of sweet cherry. Profiled the two cultivars,‘Jiangnanhong’(JNH, red fruits) and‘Chaoyang’(CY, yellow fruits) anthocyanin and carotenoid metabolites by LC-MS/MS and transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq to test the difference of gene expression and metabolic substances between the two varieties. Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside was the most different pigment between two cultivars, the content of which in red fruit was significantly higher than yellow one during the whole ripening stage (stage 3 and stage 4). Total carotenoid content in the two color types of fruits were close, but the content in yellow fruit showed more stable after harvest. Based on the transcriptome data, the heatmap of selected structural DEGs showed that all of the anthocyanin genes expressed significantly higher levels in red fruits than that in yellow fruits. Two unigenes encoding chalcone synthase (CHS) and UDP glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) expressed 1134.58 and 1151.24 times higher in red than in yellow fruits at stage 4, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that anthocyanin genes in JNH were negatively correlated with that in CY, contrastly, there were some strong correlations were observed between two cultivars in carotenoid genes. Thus, the coloration of sweet cherry was mainly attributed to anthocyanin-related genes.

Rhododendron is a world-famous ornamental flower with an abundance of genetic resources for producing different flower color varieties through breeding. However, the lack of genetic knowledge involved mechanisms behind the flower color formation have hindered the breeding process. In this study, a cross was made between the female pink Rhododendron pulchurum 'WanXia' and the male white 'Rhododendron hybridum Hot'. A total of 61 hybrid progenies with four different flower colors including white, pink, rose and red were produced and analyzed to identify the inheritance pattern of flower color as well as their genetic diversity in the whole group. The results of the combined qualitative and quantitative trait analysis disclosed that the germplasm resources in the hybrid progeny plants were genetically enriched, which can provide an excellent germplasm for screening and breeding new Rhododendron varieties. The anthocyanin-3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) contents of hybrid progeny petals were measured using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The total anthocyanin (TA) contents were calculated by first developing a linear equation (y=36.52x-59.18, R2=0.998) with anthocyanin-3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) specimens. The results revealed that TA was positively and significantly correlated with the color parameter a* values as the flower color of the hybrid progeny was gradually deepened from white to red. The value of parameter L* was gradually decreased, while a*, C* and TA contents were gradually increased. L* displayed to be both significantly and negatively correlated with a*, C*and TA contents. From the trait characteristics of each progeny plants, it was observed that No.52 Pink azalea has the highest pedicel length and petal number, while No.37 Red 2 azalea has the highest corolla lobe length, corolla lobe width and TA content. Our findings indicate that it may be feasible to breed Rhododendron varieties with new flower colors based on width and TA content. In conclusion, our outcomes propose that there is probability to produce Rhododendron varieties with new flower colors by crossing and screening hybrid progenies.

Bifidobacteria are typical commensals inhabiting the human intestine and are beneficial to the host because of their probiotic properties. One of the risks concerning probiotics is the potential of introducing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to the host gut pathogens. This study was aimed to depict the general antibiotic resistance characteristics of the genus Bifidobacterium by combining the reported phenotype dataset and in silico genotype prediction. Bifidobacteria were mostly reported to be sensitive to beta-lactams, glycopeptides, chloramphenicol, and rifampicin, but resistant to aminoglycosides, polypeptides, quinolones, and mupirocin. Generally, the resistance phenotypes to erythromycin, tetracycline, fusidic acid, metronidazole, clindamycin, and trimethoprim were variable. Besides cmX and tetQ, characterized in bifidobacterial resident plasmids, 3520 putative ARGs were identified from 831 bifidobacterial genomes through BLASTP search. The identified ARGs matched thirty-eight reference ARGs, four of which seemed to be mutant housekeeping genes. The two high-abundant ARGs, tetW and ermX, were found to have different distribution traits. The predicted ARGs reasonably explained most of the corresponding resistant phenotypes in the published literature.

Current underwater communication typically includes acoustic, optical, radio frequency, and magneto-inductive channels. Wireless sensor networks are usually built on these four channels. However, these underwater networks are vulnerable to complex aquatic environments. In nature, weakly electric fish are able to communicate electrically (called electrocommunication), which is ‘invisible’ to most other animals, to convey information such as species, courtship, and environmental conditions. Inspired by the electrocommunication of weakly electric fish, an artificial electrocommunication system that uses an electric induction (EI) channel has been developed recently. This paper further develops an underwater networking system using the EI channel, which addresses the solutions to collision avoidance and routing problems during electrocommunication networking. In particular, a CSMA/CA-based electrocommunication mechanism was used to solve the collision problem. Then, a single-hop underwater electrocommunication network (UEN) was established. Furthermore, a complex multi-hop UEN was implemented on the basis of the ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol. Theoretical analysis, simulations, and experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed UEN. Extensive results show that the UEN holds the potential to serve as a complement to future underwater wireless sensor networks.

Underwater communication is extremely challenging for small underwater robots which typically have stringent power and size constraints. In our previous work, we developed an artificial electrocommunication system which could be an alternative for the communication of small underwater robots. This paper further presents a new electrocommunication system that utilizes Binary Frequency Shift Keying (2FSK) modulation and deep-learning-based demodulation for underwater robots. We first derive an underwater electrocommunication model that covers both the near-field area and a large transition area outside of the near-field area. 2FSK modulation is adopted to improve the anti-interference ability of the electric signal. A deep learning algorithm is used to demodulate the electric signal by the receiver. Simulations and experiments show that with the same testing condition, the new communication system outperforms the previous system in both the communication distance and the data transmitting rate. In specific, the newly developed communication system achieves stable communication within the distance of 10 m at a data transfer rate of 5 Kbps with a power consumption of less than 0.1 W. The substantial increase in communication distance further improves the possibility of electrocommunication in underwater robotics., IROS2020

Exposure of phthalate has adverse effects on child health. Currently, the field measurement on PAEs concentration in children’s bedrooms were limited, and the test of PAEs is laborious. Based on the data of home detection in 454 residences from March 2013 to December 2014 in Shanghai, the association of PAEs in children's bedroom and building characteristics, residents’ lifestyle and indoor environment characterization were built by Spearman correlation. According to the Spearman correlation coefficient method, the concentration of PAEs, such as residential area was significantly correlated with DMP, BBP and DiBP in children’s bedroom (sig 0), and the use of chemicals was significantly associated with DEP and DiBP in children’s bedroom (sig 0). Then a gradient-boosting decision tree model with higher prediction accuracy is established. The influencing factors of the studied PAEs were determined by comprehensive consideration of the current study and literature review. 11 influencing factors of PAEs concentrations from three aspects were finally established in this study. The training model of GBDT has a reasonable accuracy( R2>0.9). This paper provides a reference for the prediction of PAEs concentration in the residential bedroom and the influence degree of influencing factors.

The objective of this study is to research the genetic diversity of the ‘ Zuijinxiang ’ grape and its mutant breeding F1 plants, we screened the excellent mutant plants with potential breeding value. 50 mutated single plants obtained from 137Cs-γ irradiated ‘Zuijinxiang’ grape seeds were used as research objects, and SCoT molecular marker technology was used for genetic diversity and variation analysis, and clustering research was carried out. The results showed that: (1) 36 SCoT primers produced abundant polymorphisms, and the amplification results showed obvious bright bands, and the amplification efficiency and polymorphism rate were 100%. (2) A total of 221 bands were amplified by 36 primers, of which 175 were rich in polymorphism, the average polymorphic percentage was 80.3%, and the average genetic similarity coefficient was 0.916. (3) The number of observed alleles (Na) ranged from 4 to 8, with an average of 6.1389; the number of effective alleles (Ne) ranged from 1.2772 to 5.6322 with an average of 3.5968; the desired heterozygosity (He) The range is from 0.2192 to 0.8344, the average is 0.6965; the observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranges from 0.1656 to 0.7808 with an average of 0.3035; the Nei’s gene diversity index (H) ranges from 0.2170 to 0.8224 with an average of 0.6863; Shannon-Wiener The index (I) ranges from 0.5186 to 1.8597 with an average of 1.4517. (4) UPGMA clustering of 51 materials showed that the test materials could be divided into three groups when the genetic distance was 0.856. The experiment shows that the genetic diversity of the ‘Zuijinxiang’ radiation variation germplasm resources is rich. In addition, SCoT molecular marker technology can distinguish the materials with close genetic distance, and can be used for early identification techniques of grape mutant materials. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of excellent mutant germplasm of ‘Zuijinxiang’ grapes. RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a diversidade genética da uva ‘Zuijinxiang’ e de suas plantas F1 reprodutoras mutantes. Foram selecionadas as melhores plantas mutantes com potencial e valor genético. Utilizaram-se como objeto de pesquisa 50 plantas individuais mutantes obtidas de sementes de uva irradiadas com 137Cs-γ ‘Zuijinxiang’, e a tecnologia de marcadores moleculares SCoT para análise de diversidade genética e variação, e foi realizada uma pesquisa de agrupamento. Os resultados mostraram que: (1) 36 iniciadores de SCoT produziram polimorfismos abundantes, e os resultados de amplificação mostraram bandas claras óbvias, e a eficiência de amplificação e taxa de polimorfismo foram de 100%. (2) Um total de 221 bandas foi amplificado por 36 iniciadores, dos quais 175 eram ricos em polimorfismo, a porcentagem polimórfica média foi de 80,3% e o coeficiente médio de similaridade genética foi de 0,916. (3) O número de alelos observados (Na) variou de 4 a 8, com uma média de 6,1389; o número de alelos efetivos (Ne) variou de 1,2772 a 5,6322 com uma média de 3,5968; a heterozigosidade desejada (He), o intervalo é de 0,2192 a 0,8344, a média é de 0,6965; a heterozigosidade observada (Ho) varia de 0,1656 a 0,7808 com uma média de 0,3035; o índice de diversidade genética (H) de Nei varia de 0,2170 a 0,8224 com uma média de 0,6863; Shannon-Wiener o índice (I) varia de 0,5186 a 1,8597 com uma média de 1,4517. (4) O agrupamento de 51 materiais da UPGMA mostrou que os materiais de teste poderiam ser divididos em três grupos quando a distância genética era de 0,856. O experimento mostra que a diversidade genética dos recursos de germoplasma de variação de radiação “Zuijinxiang” é rica. Além disso, a tecnologia de marcadores moleculares da SCoT pode distinguir os materiais com uma distância genética próxima, e pode ser usada para técnicas de identificação precoce de materiais mutantes da uva. Este estudo fornece uma base teórica para o desenvolvimento de germoplasma mutante excelente de uvas “Zuijinxiang”.

Gardeniae Fructus (GF) and carbonized GF (GFC) have been shown to exert a gastrointestinal protective effect, and are frequently used in clinical practice for the treatment of haemorrhage and brown stool. In this study, we employed a combination of pharmacological methods and metabolomics in a rat model of ethanol-induced acute stomach ulcer to investigate the gastroprotective effect of GF and GFC water extracts and the potential mechanism involved in this process. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the plasma of rats were determined. The results showed that both GF and GFC reduced the ethanol-induced gastric lesions, and expression of NO and IL-6 in these rats. Of note, 16 and 11 feature metabolites were filtered and identified in the GF and GFC groups, respectively. Both GF and GFC act by restoring the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine, and the metabolism of glycerophospholipids. Moreover, histological evaluation revealed that heat processing of GF to create GFC enhanced the gastric mucosa protective effect. Furthermore, heat processing converted the main pathway from alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, associated with GF, to histidine metabolism, associated with GFC. GF and GFC ameliorated gastric mucosa lesions in rats via reductions in NO production and inflammatory cytokine secretion, and the induction of prostaglandin E2.

Through the diagnosis and treatment process of the 66kV arc suppression coil burning accident in 220kV substation, the main reason for the failure of the arc suppression coil of this station is that it is caused by the hidden troubles left by the manufacturer in the production process. Firstly, the performance of the arc suppression coil and the causes of the arc suppression coil failure are explained. Secondly, the main reason for the failure of the arc suppression coil is that the total current through the ground fault point is high when the single phase intermittent arc grounding occurs, and the high-frequency oscillating current is the real cause of most arc-suppression coil failures. Again, through the oil chromatographic test analysis before and after the arc-suppression coil accident of the substation, and after returning to the factory for the core inspection by the failure of the arc-suppression coil of the substation, it is further verified that the 66kV arc-suppression coil leaves hidden dangers in the production process. The high-frequency oscillating current causes an accident to expand and occur.

Through the 220kV main transformer under the lightning overvoltage, the neutral point gap breakdown, the zero sequence protection jumps off the main transformer accident, indicating that the discharge dispersion of the gap is very large, and the 220kV neutral point is not grounded, its protection must be The arrester is shared after the parallel gap. The voltage distribution of the neutral point in the transformer during the wave process is discussed. The two-phase incoming wave or three-phase incoming wave is the main reason for the protection device action. Deeply demonstrate the problem of insulation coordination between the neutral point of the transformer and the protection device. To reduce the dispersion of the breakdown discharge of the gap, the simplest and most effective way is to place a special transparent insulation cover over the gap.

We proposed a dual coupled-resonator system based on the metal-insulator-metal bus waveguide and numerically investigated the plasmon-induced transparency and slow light effect with the Finite-Difference Time-Domain simulations in this paper. The electromagnetically induced transparency-like spectral response will occur between two adjacent stub resonators with detuned resonant wavelength due to the phase-coupled effect. The transmissivity and group index equations were been deduced, which indicated that the system can achieve the effect of the multiple electromagnetically induced transparency-like and slow light. With the optimization, the single peak transmission can reach to as high as 92%, dual PIT transmission peaks appear, as well as group index can reach over 75. These characteristics indicate multiple applications of our system in integrated optical circuits.

A highly regioselective and efficient metal-free hydration of aromatic haloalkynes to α-halomethyl ketones using cheap tetrafluoroboric acid as catalyst is described. The protocol is conducted under convenient conditions and affords products in good to excellent yields, with broad substrate scope, including a variety of aromatic alkynyl chlorides, alkynyl bromides, and alkynyl iodides.