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Cadmium, a toxic environmental contaminant, induces oxidative stress leading to various neurodegenerative disorders, where it interferes with homeos-tasis of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i), leading to cellular damage and apoptosis. We investigated whether resveratrol, a plant-derived antioxidant could offer protection against cadmium-induced neuroapoptosis. Primary cortical neurons were exposed to cadmium (10 or 20 µM) with/without prior exposure to resveratrol (5, 10 or 20 µM) for 12 hours and unexposed cells served as control. Resveratrol caused marked reduction in cadmium-induced neuronal apoptosis and down-regulated caspase-3 expressions. Cadmium-induced marked elevations in reactive oxygen species, and ([Ca2+]i) levels were potentially reduced by resveratrol. Resveratrol effectively regulated the alterations observed in the activation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and proteins of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Thus, resveratrol effectively protected the cortical neurons exposed to cadmium by modulating the ([Ca2+]i) levels and regulating the MAPK/mTOR pathways.

Site degradation caused from environmental pollution and wasteland has absorbed wide concern in China. In contrast to physical remediation and chemical remediation, ecological remediation (or bioremediation) is supposed to be the most environmentally sound solution for the contaminated sites and wasteland. The stone wasteland of Shimenzhai town in Qinhuangdao was investigated on the spot. Based on the terrain and ground, vegetation and soil conditions, the approaches and measures of ecological restoration were analyzed, covering the terrain fixes, soil improvement, and choice of vegetation. Some major recommendations were concluded. 1) Regarding the terrain and ground, retaining wall, shape of slope, treatment of marsh land are raised; 2) With respect to soil improvement, the improved plant and adaptation to local condition should be applied; and 3) As the choice of vegetation, the rules of plant choice are put forward, and the suitable plant and engineering measures are choose for the local stone wasteland. Finally, towards the perfect sites remediation, an excellent engineering management and assessment system should be strengthened and established in the future. Keywords: Contaminated sites; Wasteland; Qinhuangdao; Ecological remediation; Analysis

Polymer gel electrolyte with addition of fumed silica was prepared by the UV polymerization of methyl methacrylate, oligomer of ethyl glycol dimethacrylate and liquid electrolyte. The effect of fumed silica on the cycle efficiency of lithium deposition/striping at stainless steel (SS) electrode was researched by cyclic voltammetry (CV), FTIR and electrochemical AC impedance. The addition of fumed silica in the polymer gel electrolyte can enhance the retention ability of liquid electrolyte and it can trap impurities in the polymer gel electrolyte. The silica is interactive with carbonyl group (C=O) of the solvent and polymer matrix. All of them are beneficial to the cyclic efficiency of lithium deposition/striping at SS electrolyte, which is confirmed in the CV.

Hybrid inorganic-organic polymer electrolyte based on the monomer of organically modified polysiloxane was prepared by UV radiation curing in the presence of liquid electrolyte. The organically modified polysiloxane monomer with acrylate groups at the terminal position was synthesized by hydrolytic condensation of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and followed by demethanolation reaction using 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA). The rational formula of the monomer was SiO1.1436(OH)0.01606(OCH3)1.3394(OCH2CH2OCOCH= CH2)0.3574 which was determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and silica analysis. The monomer was polyfunctional with a number average molecular weight of 1185 and a weight average molecular weight of 2292 determined by GPC analysis. The electrochemical properties of the hybrid inorganic-organic polymer electrolyte were determined by ac impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Ionic conductivity was greatly enhanced with increasing amounts of liquid electrolyte. When the polymer electrolyte contained 80 wt% liquid electrolytes, the conductivities were around 3.3 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 21°C and 8.0 × 10−4 S cm−1 even at −23°C. Interface resistance increased initially and reached a steady value after 2 days. Oxidation stability was up to 5.0 V against the lithium reference electrode and electrochemical plating/stripping of lithium on the stainless steel electrode was reversible.

Gel nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NCPE) was prepared by UV polymerization and thermal polymerization, respectively in the presence of liquid electrolyte with nanosize SiO 2 -contained poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as the monomer. Nanosize SiO 2 -contained PEGDA was synthesized using aqueous colloidal silica as one of starting materials and its viscosity was very low. The partial silanol surface groups of SiO 2 were modified to acrylic group by employing of methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (MAPTMS), which made the dispersion of nanosize SiO 2 in PEGDA uniform and stable. Compared with the gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) based on PEGDA without nanosize SiO 2 , the ionic conductivity of the gel NCPE was higher and the electrochemical stability and interfacial stability were better, whether it was prepared by UV polymerization or thermal polymerization. It showed oxidation stability up to 5.0 V versus Li/Li + and lithium deposition/dissolution on the stainless steel electrode highly reversible. The applicability of the gel NCPE to lithium polymer batteries was demonstrated by graphite/SPE/LiCoO 2 cell, which was prepared by in situ thermal polymerization. It showed that the discharge capacity was stable with charge–discharge cycling.

Polymer gel electrolyte with addition of fumed silica was prepared by the UV polymerization of methyl methacrylate, oligomer of ethyl glycol dimethacrylate and liquid electrolyte. The effect of fumed silica on the interfacial stability of lithium electrode and polymer gel electrolyte membrane was studied by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), FTIR and electrochemical AC impedance. The addition of fumed silica has an effect on morphology of polymer gel electrolyte membrane. The silica is interactive with solvent and polymer matrix and it can trap impurities in the polymer gel electrolyte. All of them are beneficial to the interfacial stability, which is confirmed in the AC impedance spectrum.

In this paper, the morphology of chemically crosslinked polymer gel electrolyte (PGE) was investigated by environmental scanning electron microscopy. The crosslinking structure made the polymer matrix arrange tightly and blocked the ion transport, but it improved the mechanical properties and the capacity to hold the liquid electrolyte. With increasing liquid electrolyte in the PGE, it was shown that the polymer matrix became sparse and the cavities in the morphology became large. The addition of nanoparticle silica led to the formation of micropores, which was beneficial to improvement of the ionic conductivity.

66-4 FIELD Section Title:Surface Chemistry and Colloids Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, SINOPEC, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China. FIELD URL: written in English; In this paper, a new delaminated mesoporous material was prepd. by swelling the lamellar phyllosilicate Magadiite using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide soln., followed by delamination under the cavitation of ultrasonic treatment. Various characterization tools including XRD, N2 adsorption, NMR, IR, SEM and TEM were employed to observe its structure and morphol. XRD results show that the delaminated material has no long-range cryst. order. Furthermore, not only high surface area is obtained, but almost half of it is external surface. The observation for the morphol. further reveals that it is made up of the random stacking of single or few layers. All these characters show that this delaminated mesoporous material meets the requirements for application as support in the hydrotreatment of heavy mols. [on SciFinder(R)]