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Objective: To explore the curative effect of buttress plate and traditional internal fixation in the treatment of ankle fracture, so as to provide potential reference for the clinical treatment of this disease. Methods: This is a clinical comparative study. The subjects of this study were one hundred patients with ankle fracture treated in Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from January 2019 to December 2021. Enrolled patients were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group. Patients in the control group were treated with traditional internal fixation, and those in the experimental group were provided with buttress plate. Patients were compared in several aspects such as the comprehensive quality of life assessment questionnaire (GQOLI-74), Baird-Jackson score and postoperative complications. Results: The experimental group showed improved Baird-Jackson score after treatment, significantly higher fracture healing rate than that of the control group three months after treatment. Besides, there was no significant difference in the complications between the two groups, with good prognosis after timely treatment. Conclusion: Internal fixation with buttress plate has obvious advantages in the treatment of ankle fractures, which can effectively improve the quality of life and promote the rapid healing of fractures. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6876 How to cite this: Lin Z, Gao L, Ruan K, Guo D, Chen Y, Liu Q. Clinical observation on the treatment of ankle fracture with buttress plate and traditional internal fixation and its effect on GQOLI-74 score and Baird-Jackson score. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6876 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Compositional changes of successively emplaced magmatites can be used to infer changes in their petrogenetic evolution and geodynamic setting. The central-northern Lhasa terrane hosts extensive Late Cretaceous magmatism, however, the mechanism that triggered the magmatism and its relationship to the directly preceding Late Cretaceous tectonic transition in the central Tibetan Plateau is still unresolved. Therefore, we conducted a detailed petrological, geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic study on recently identified Late Cretaceous doleritic and granodioritic rocks in the Xiongmei area, northern Lhasa subterrane. The potassic (K2O/Na2O ratios >1) dolerites (ca. 80 Ma) display a post-collisional basaltic shoshonitic signature with uniform moderately enriched whole-rock Sr–Nd and zircon–Hf isotopic compositions ((87Sr/86Sr)t = 0.7070 to 0.7095, whole-rock εNd(t) = – 2.4 to – 1.3, and zircon εHf(t) = – 5.9 to +1.9), suggesting that they evolved from a similar parental magma and were likely derived by partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle metasomatized by hydrous fluids. The granodiorites are geochemically divided into medium-K and high-K calc-alkaline rocks. The medium-K samples (ca. 80 Ma) are generally characterized by low K2O/Na2O ratios 2O/Na2O ratios >1. The medium-K samples have positive zircon εHf(t) values from +4.8 to +6.5 and uniform whole-rock ɛNd(t) values from – 2.4 to – 1.3, which significantly differ from those of the high-K samples that have negative to positive zircon εHf(t) values from – 1.9 to +2.8 and negative whole-rock ɛNd(t) values from – 8.4 to – 5.1. The medium-K samples are characterized by high Sr contents and Sr/Y ratios, coupled with low Y and HREE contents, similar to adakitic compositions, and were interpreted to have been derived from deep partial melting of the foundering juvenile garnet-bearing mafic lower crust at relatively low temperatures. Compared to the medium-K samples, the high-K samples have lower Sr/Y and (La/Yb)N ratios, coupled with flat HREE patterns and distinct negative Eu, Sr and Ti anomalies and are most likely derived from shallower partial melting of the K-rich juvenile lower crust at relatively high temperatures. Considering the occurrence of variable magmatism in the central-northern Lhasa subterrane during the Late Cretaceous, the change in magma composition and lower crustal melting conditions (cold-deep vs. hot-shallow) suggest that the lithospheric mantle keel was partially detached by small-scale mantle convection in response to the low-angle Neo-Tethys-associated subduction between 85 and 70 Ma.

Quercetin is widely found in natural plants, especially Chinese herbal plants. It has been used to treat arthritis in China for thousands of years. However, the effects and mechanisms of quercetin in the treatment of gout arthritis (GA) remain unclear. We aimed to verify the treatment of GA with quercetin and investigate the underlying mechanism. A combination of network pharmacology and experiments was used to reveal the mechanism of quercetin in the treatment of GA. Potential targets of quercetin and gout were identified. Then, the protein-protein interaction network for the common targets between quercetin and gout was constructed and the core targets were identified. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses for the common targets were performed to elucidate the pharmacological functions and mechanisms associated with quercetin treatment in GA. Finally, a monosodium urate-induced GA rat model was used to validate the predicted mechanisms in network pharmacology. Seventy-two common targets were identified. KEGG analysis revealed that treatment of GA with quercetin predominantly involved the interleukin (IL)-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathways. In an experimental validation, quercetin attenuated ankle joint inflammation-induced bone destruction and histological lesions. It also diminished the expression of IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-17F in the IL-17 pathway, and regulated the release of RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t,IL-17E, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, Foxp3, and transforming growth factor-beta 1. The collective findings implicate quercetin as a valuable alternative drug for the treatment of GA.

Based on a 4 × 4 matrix spectral problem, a super Degasperis–Procesi (DP) equation is proposed. We show that under a reciprocal transformation, the super DP equation is related to the first negative flow of a super Kaup–Kupershmidt (KK) hierarchy, which turns out to be a particular reduction of a super Boussinesq hierarchy. The bi-Hamiltonian structure of the super Boussinesq hierarchy is established and subsequently produces a Hamiltonian structure, as well as a conjectured symplectic formulation of the super KK hierarchy via suitable reductions. With the help of the reciprocal transformation, the bi-Hamiltonian representation of the super DP equation is constructed from that of the super KK hierarchy. We also calculate a positive flow of the super DP hierarchy and explain its relations with the super KK equation. Infinitely many conservation laws are derived for the super DP equation, as well as its positive flow.

Objective Whether neutrophil could be a risk factor of renal impairment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of renal impairment in RA and determine its correlation with neutrophils. Methods We retrospectively investigated renal function of 602 RA patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine by estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Potential risk factors for renal dysfunction were collected in all RA patients. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate association between neutrophils and renal impairment. Results A total of 89 cases (14.8%) had renal impairment with GFR 2, and 75 cases (84.3%) were female. Compared to RA patients with normal renal function, age, white blood cell count, serum levels of triglyceride, uric acid, C-reactive protein level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Cystatin-C, and creatinine in those with renal impairment increased, but red blood cell count and hemoglobin level decreased (all p 7.5 × 10^9/L (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.98), hemoglobin 360umol/l (OR = 6.1, 95%CI: 3.71 to 10.10) significantly correlated with a higher risk of renal impairment. Conclusions Neutrophil count > 7.5 × 10^9/L may be associated with a high risk of renal impairment in RA. Prospective studies are needed to verify our results.

Wetland plays a pivotal role in sustaining ecosystems and adapting to climate change. This paper used remote sensing images from 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 to investigate the changes in wetland in the Dongting Lake Basin (DLB) and their possible causes. The land-use conversion matrix and contribution rate were calculated in 1990–2000, 2000–2010, and 2010–2020, and results showed that the total wetland area displayed an increasing trend, especially the reservoir ponds and channels across DLB from 1990 to 2020. Forest and agricultural land conversion into wetland accounted for the main proportion, with the greatest contribution rate (234.13%) of forest land and the smallest rate (−117.46%) of agricultural land between 1990 and 2000. On the contrary, agricultural land had the highest contribution rate (47.96%) for wetlands compared to other land-cover types from 2000 to 2010, followed by forest land (39.03%). The contribution rates of forest and agricultural lands to wetlands were 60.17% and 39.02% from 2010 to 2020, respectively. Wetlands showed a more significant net gain (a total of 259 km2) in Central and Southern Hunan Province. More specifically, the wetlands area in North Hunan Province decreased by 45 km2 from 1990 to 2000. It increased over the next two decades (155 km2 and 22 km2, respectively). Southern Hunan Province continued increasing from 1990 to 2010 (a total of 149 km2) while decreasing from 2010 to 2020 (a total of −297 km2). Forestation was the principal driving force promoting the continuous increase in wetlands. In addition, agricultural land was mainly related to wetland change in this region, characterized by reclaiming land from lakes in the earlier period and returning agricultural land to wetland in the later period. Built-up land occupied a small area of wetlands over the study period. The study is beneficial to understanding the wetlands’ dynamic changes in the past and present, as well as being useful for wetland management, consistent with sustainable development.

Objective Findings from epidemiologic studies of coffee consumption and risk for cognitive decline or dementia are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of prospective studies to assess the association between coffee consumption and the risk for cognitive decline and dementia. Methods Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase databases between 1966 and December 2014. Prospective cohorts that reported relative risk (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of coffee consumption with dementia incidence or cognitive changing were eligible. Study-specific RRs were combined by using a random-effects model. Results Eleven prospective studies, including 29,155 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. The combined RR indicated that high coffee consumption was not associated with the different measures of cognitive decline or dementia (summary RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.84–1.11). Subgroup analyses suggested a significant inverse association between highest coffee consumption and the risk for Alzheimer disease (summary RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55–0.97). The dose–response analysis, including eight studies, did not show an association between the increment of coffee intake and cognitive decline or dementia risk (an increment of 1 cup/d of coffee consumed; summary RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98–1.02). Conclusions The present study suggests that higher coffee consumption is associated with reduced risk for Alzheimer disease. Further randomized controlled trials or well-designed cohort studies are needed to determine the association between coffee consumption and cognitive decline or dementia.

Owls are known for their silent flight and maneuverability. They have evolved many special features that differed from other birds for their flight. In this paper, we imitated serration and strip structure of owl feather for the blade of axial fan and designed a coupling bionic blade to improve the efficiency of axial fan. According to the theory of experimental optimization., a comparison experiment between the bionic fan blade and original fan blade were carried out. The influence of the bionic serration and strip structure on the efficiency of fan was studied. The results show that the bionic blade of axial fan can improve the efficiency of blade and the dimension of stripe structure and serration are main factors that affected the efficiency of fan.

A coupled system known as the Drinfel'd–Sokolov–Wilson equation is reexamined. With the help of a Lax operator of fourth order, its proper Darboux transformation is constructed. Also, a nonlinear superposition formula is worked out for the associated Backlund transformation and some solutions are calculated.

Many species of owl has ability of fly silently. To explore the mechanism of owl’s silent flight, the kinematic character of the silent flight owl have been studied preliminarily on 3D motion capture technology. The paper has compared the flight motion between the long eared owl(Asio otus) and sparrow hawk(Accipiter nisus). According to the kinematic data, the flight trajectory, flapping frequency, flapping cycle, wrist angle, upstroke and downstroke percentage of cycle were computed and analyzed. The results show that wing tip, wrist and primary feather P10 of long eared owl and the eagle owl have obvious trajectory in flapping flight. Especially the wing tip trajectory in upstroke shows double“8”type. However, the wing tip trajectory in upstroke of sparrow hawk shows single“8”type. The wrist angle of silent owl keeps in downstroke and decreases in upstroke. But the wrist angle of sparrow hawk has increased first and then kept in downstroke, and the angle has begun decrease in upstroke. The above results show the difference of wing kinematics between silent owl and sparrow hawk, and will be useful for bionic design and silent fly technology.

because of the existence of non-linear loads,they will be inpouring a lot of harmonic current to the power system,in order to restrain harmonic,we have to take relevant measures to restrain. This paper introduces three measures of harmonic restraint firstly, expounds the active power filter, and then it analyses the work principle and mathematical model of shunt active power filter , building three-phase shunt active power filter simulation model,; At last, using MATLAB simulation experiment ,the result shows that the shunt active power filter of harmonic detection algorithm and the control strategy are correct and effective , and also it has the important significance to the power system harmonic restraint.

// Yan-Feng Wu 1,2,* , Wen-Bo Wu 1,* , Qing-Ping Liu 2 , Wen-Wen He 3 , Hong Ding 2 , Zuzana Nedelska 4 , 5 , Jakub Hort 4 , Bing Zhang 6 and Yun Xu 1,7,8 1 Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 2 Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 3 Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 4 Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Clinic, Charles University in Prague, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic 5 International Clinical Research Center, St.Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic 6 Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 7 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China 8 Nanjing Medical Research Center on Neurology and Psychiatry, Jiangsu, P. R. China * These authors have contributed equally to this study Correspondence to: Bing Zhang , email: // Yun Xu , email: // Keywords : lacunar infarction, mild cognitive impairment, spatial navigation, diffusion tensor imaging, Gerotarget Received : August 02, 2016 Accepted : November 06, 2016 Published : November 16, 2016 Abstract Lacunar cerebral infarction (LI) is one of risk factors of vascular dementia and correlates with progression of cognitive impairment including the executive functions. However, little is known on spatial navigation impairment and its underlying microstructural alteration of white matter in patients with LI and with or without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our aim was to investigate whether the spatial navigation impairment correlated with the white matter integrity in LI patients with MCI (LI-MCI). Thirty patients with LI were included in the study and were divided into LI-MCI ( n =17) and non MCI (LI-Non MCI) groups ( n =13) according neuropsychological tests.The microstructural integrity of white matter was assessed by calculating a fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans. The spatial navigation accuracy, separately evaluated as egocentric and allocentric, was assessed by a computerized human analogue of the Morris Water Maze tests Amunet. LI-MCI performed worse than the CN and LI-NonMCI groups on egocentric and delayed spatial navigation subtests. LI-MCI patients have spatial navigation deficits. The microstructural abnormalities in diffuse brain regions, including hippocampus, uncinate fasciculus and other brain regions may contribute to the spatial navigation impairment in LI-MCI patients at follow-up.

To explore the clinical outcomes of percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP), percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP) and percutaneous hollow pedicle screw with lateral holes implanted bone cement reinforcement in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF).From May 2012 to November 2013, the clinical data of 90 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different methods of operation, the patients were divided into three groups, including the percutaneous hollow pedicle screw with lateral holes implanted bone cement reinforcement group (group A), percutaneous vertebroplasty group (group B), percutaneous kyphoplasty group (group C), each group had 30 patients. Pre operative, postoperative at 1 day, 3 months, 1 year, the back pain was assessed by visual analogue scale(VAS), and vertebral height compression ratio, Cobb angle were measured by X-rays.All operations were successful and no complications such as postoperative infections and deep vein thrombosis were found. At the final follow up, there were 2 patients with mild postoperative back pain in group A;7 patients with moderate postoperative back pain, 4 patients with severe postoperative back pain, 2 patients with postoperative vertebral refracture in group B; 5 patients with moderate postoperative back pain, 3 patients with severe postoperative back pain, 4 patients with postoperative vertebral refracture in group C. Postoperative VAS, vertebral height compression ratio, Cobb angle of all patients have obviously improved than preoperative(The effect of PVP and PKP on the immediately postoperative pain relief was more than percutaneous hollow pedicle screw with lateral holes implanted bone cement reinforcement in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, but, residual back pain can happen in different extent in the patients underwent PVP and PKP. Percutaneous hollow pedicle screw with lateral holes implanted bone cement reinforcement technique has obvious advantage in recovery of the vertebral height, correction of vertebral deformity, reduction of postoperative back pain.

To study the effects of Tongbi Mixture 2, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), on immunoregulation of T lymphocytes in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, untreated group, Tongbi Mixture 2-treated group, methotrexate (MTX)-treated group and Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside (TWP)-treated group. Except for the rats of the normal control group (injection with normal saline), rats of the other four groups were subcutaneouly multipoint-injected with collagen protein II to induce CIA. The rats were treated with normal saline, Tongbi Mixture 2, MTX tablets and TWP tablets respectively for 36 days. The expressions of CD28 and CD152 were detected by flow cytometry, while the content of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of CD28 among the three drug treated groups had no statistical difference (P0.05), while significantly higher than that of the normal control group (P0.01) and lower than that of the untreated group (P0.01). The expression of CD152 in the Tongbi Mixture 2 treated-group was lower than those of the MTX- and TWP-treated groups (P0.05, P0.01), but had no statistical difference as compared with the normal control group (P0.05). There were no statistical differences in content of TNF-alpha between the drug treated groups and the normal control group (P0.05), but the content of TNF-alpha of the drug treated groups was lower than that of the untreated group (P0.05 or P0.01).Tongbi Mixture 2 can inhibit T lymphocytes through down-regulating the expressions of CD28 and CD152 and the content of TNF-alpha, which may be the major mechanisms in treating RA.

A novel strategy to synthesize heterogeneous star-shaped oxime-palladacycle catalysts, which exhibited good catalytic activity and recyclability in the Suzuki coupling of aryl bromides and chlorides, was described.

The use of a seed solution with some arbitrary functions for the asymmetric Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov system in the first step Darboux transformation yields the variable separable solutions with two space-variable separated functions. The more variable separated functions which are not arbitrary can be introduced by using the Darboux transformation repeatedly. The N th step Darboux transformation (for arbitrary N ) with arbitrary number of space–variable separated functions is explicitly written down by means of the Pfaffian. The ”universal” variable separation formula which is valid for a diversity of (2 + 1)-dimensional integrable systems can be obtained from a particular reduction of the solutions constructed from the second step Darboux transformation. A new saddle-type ring soliton solution with completely elastic interaction and nonzero phase shifts is also studied in this paper.

A new Darboux transformation is presented for the Hirota-Satsuma coupled KdV system. It is shown that this Darboux transformation can be constructed by means of two methods: Painlev\'{e} analysis and reduction of a binary Darboux transformation. By iteration of the Darboux transformation, the Grammian type solutions are found for the coupled KdV system., Comment: LaTeX 2.09, 10 pages

IFN-γ primes macrophages for antimicrobial activity, increased killing of intracellular pathogens, and Ag processing and presentation to lymphocytes by cooperating with a second signal (provided by LPS or endogenous TNF-α) to promote increased proinflammatory cytokine production, NO production, and MHC class II expression. Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) suppresses NO production by activated peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, targeted deletion of the receptor for MSP, stem cell-derived tyrosine kinase receptor (STK/RON), resulted in increased production of NO by activated macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. Here we demonstrate that expression of STK in RAW264.7 cells resulted in suppression of NO production following IFN-γ+/− LPS stimulation in the presence of MSP, reflecting a decrease in the levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein, which was confirmed by decreased trans-activation of an iNOS reporter. The iNOS expression is regulated by the coordinate activity of the inducible transcription factors STAT-1, IFN response factor-1, and NF-κB. The presence of the STK receptor did not significantly alter the expression of the IFN-γ receptor, STAT1 phosphorylation, or the up-regulation of IFN response factor-1 expression following IFN-γ stimulation. However, nuclear translocation of NF-κB following stimulation of RAW cells with IFN-γ and LPS was reduced in the presence of the MSP/STK signaling pathway. These results suggest that the negative regulation of macrophage responses by MSP/STK occurs at least in part via inhibition of costimulatory signals, resulting in NF-κB activation, that cooperate with IFN-γ to promote activation.

For a generalized super KdV equation, three Darboux transformations and the corresponding B\"acklund transformations are constructed. The compatibility of these Darboux transformations leads to three discrete systems and their Lax representations. The reduction of one of the B\"acklund-Darboux transformations and the corresponding discrete system are considered for Kupershmidt's super KdV equation. When all the odd variables vanish, a nonlinear superposition formula is obtained for Levi's B\"acklund transformation for the KdV equation.

Darboux transformation is developed to systematically find variable separation solutions for the Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation. Starting from a seed solution with some arbitrary functions, the once Darboux transformation yields the variable separable solutions which can be obtained from the truncated Painlev\'e analysis and the twice Darboux transformation leads to some new variable separable solutions which are the generalization of the known results obtained by using a guess ansatz to solve the generalized trilinear equation., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures

To study the anti-fertility effect of maximum-dose Tongbi Composition and its reversibility in male rats.Thirty-six male SD rats were equally randomized into a control group and a medication group, the former given normal saline at 10 ml/(kg x d), while the latter treated with Tongbi Composition at 10 g/(kg x d), both for 60 days. Half the rats of each group were sacrificed randomly at the cessation of treatment, and the rest killed at 72 days after it. The relative testis weight, testis volume, sperm concentration and sperm motility were measured, and the pathological changes in the testicular tissue observed under the optical microscope.After 60 days of treatment, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in the relative testis weight, testis volume and sperm concentration (P0.05) , and the sperm motility of the medication group dropped to zero, but it was restored to normal at 72 days after drug withdrawal. Almost no lesions were observed in the testis tissue of the medication group.The short-term use of Tongbi Composition at the maximum clinical dose has an obvious anti-fertility effect, but it is reversible.

At present there are still some problems in the automatic test paper-making-system: The first is about the test question including graphs; The second is about the test question including formula; The third is about the difficulty degree of the test question which is set in advance and fixed, and can't be adjusted to meet the new need when the ability of examinees has changed; The forth is repetition of the same topic and focus in one test paper; the fifth is how to design the typesetting. In view of the above problems, taking the subject of “Object-Oriented Programming” for an example, a kind of self-adapted making test paper system, which can settle those problems, has been provided by the means of law of large numbers, the idea of machine learning and man-made assistant adjustment. It is simpler and more reliable than what is used nowadays.

Investigated the relationship between NF-kappaB activation and cell apoptosis in mouse macrophages treated with 7-ketochesterol (7-KC).Cell apoptosis was detected by MTT assay, DNA fragmentation assay and flow cytometric analysis. NF-kappaB activation was detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Inhibitory assay was used to show the effect of the activation of NF-kappaB on the apoptosis induced by 7-KC.7-KC inhibited macrophages proliferation, and then induced apoptosis, which is associated with NF-kappaB activation. Moreover, cell apoptosis with NF-kappaB activation was inhibited by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of NF-kappaB.7-KC induced the activation of NF-kappaB and following cell apoptosis.

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is thought to be a key proatherogenic event. The oxidation of LDL induced by Cu+ at different time was studied by UV-Vis absorption spectra and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. It was shown that long oxidation time is accompanied by an increased MDA content and fluorescence intensity at 430 nm, which suggested new product. The intensity of UV absorption peak of LDL increased, while fluorescence and synchronous fluorescence intensities, which typified amino acids, decreased. CD data displayed that alpha-helical content of the protein decreased and the secondary structure changed. The results indicated that during the process of oxidation of LDL Cu2+ induced not only the product but also the change of the conformation of apoB-100.

We give a two-step modification of Ito's equation. The first modification is bi-Hamiltonian and the next one has just one Poisson structure.

To investigate the polymorphism of KIR genes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and to study the correlation between KIR genes and susceptibility of SLE.The polymorphism of KIR genes were detected by PCR-SSP technique in 62 patients with SLE and 61 healthy persons as controls from North of China.The differences of KIR frequency between the SLE group and the control were tested by statistical analysis. The most frequent genotype was KIR 3DP1, 2DL1, 2DP1, 3DL1, 2DL3, 1D, followed by 2DS4, 2DL5, 3DS1, 2DS2, 2DS5 and 2DL2. KIR 2DS1, 2DS3 and 3DP1v were lower in frequency compared with others. The frequency of KIR 3DS1, 2DL2, 2DL5 and 2DL3 were significantly lower in SLE group than that in the control èP0.01é.There may be a association between the polymorphism of KIR genes with SLE in North of China should be investigated further.

A spectral problem studied by Roy Chowdhury and Swapna Roy is discussed and the corresponding Hamiltonian structure is obtained.

To investigate the effect of the overall alkali of Traditional Chinese Medicine tongbiling(TBL) which comprises brucine and strychnine alkaloids on collagen induced-arthritis(CIA) and study its paharmacological mechanisms of cellular immunity.Bovine CII was emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Wistar rats were injected with Type II collagen intradermally at the base of the tail. After swelling, CIA groups were, randomly divided into physiological saline group and treatment group. Then the swelling of the rats' hindlimbs was evaluated. The whole body of the rats treated on 35 th days was photographed by mammography X-Ray. 96 joints in erosion scoring system and 100 joints in joint spacing narrow(JSN) scoring system were used to observe the joint destruction of CIA from X-Ray comprehensively and objectively. After the rats were killed, the third proximal claw pad of the right hindlimb and left forelimb were stained by HE dying, Neutrophil, lymphocyte, plasmacyte infiltration and hyperplasia of synoviocytes were assessed. Then MTT and Western blot were used to determine the effect of the overall alkali of TBL on proliferation of Jurkat cells and ERK1/2 phosphorylation of Jurkat cells, respectively.Inflammation of CIA joints was aggravated quickly. The swelling of CIA rats treated by MTX and overall alkali of TBL for 35 days was relieved (P0.05). MTX and overall alkali of TBL inhibited the hyperplasia of synoviocytes. Overall alkali of TBL inhibited the infiltration of lymphocyteS and plasmacytes. Overall alkali of TBL inhibited the proliferation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation of Jurkat cells.Overall alkali of TBL could relieve joint inflammation and destruction of CIA rats by blocking the MAPK cell signalling pathway to inhibit the activation and proliferation of T cells. Our study might provide an experimental basis for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with overall alkali of TBL.

The study was purposed to investigate the polymorphism of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene of the patients with leukemia and to explore the correlation between the KIR gene and susceptibility of leukemia. The KIR genotype of 50 patients with leukemia and 60 healthy controls in northern. Hans were analyzed by PCR-SSP. The results indicated that the present known 18 KIR genes were detected and identified. The frequencies of KIR 3DL3, 3DL2 and 2DL4 were 100% in all subjects, with the most frequent genotype KIR 3DP1 (0.86) followed by 2DP1, 2DL3, 3DL1, 2DL1, 3DS1, 2DL5, 2DS4, 2DS2, 1D, 2DS5, 2DL2, 2DS1, 2DS3 and 3DP1v in leukemia successively. Compared with the control, the KIR 3DL1 (0.60) and 2DL1 (0.57) were significantly lower in the leukemia patient group than that in the control group (1.00) (P0.01). It is concluded that the polymorphism of KIR gene is associated with susceptibility of leukemia in Hans. There may be a negative correlation between pathogenesis of leukemia and KIR 3DL1, KIR 3DS1, KIR 2DL1, KIR 2DL5 genes.

Let $E = \{\ldots ,-2,-1, 0, 1, 2, \ldots \}$. Given a uni-instantaneous bilateral birth-death pre-generator matrix $Q = (q_{ij})$ defined on $E \times E$, we investigate the existence conditions for the corresponding birth-death $Q$-processes, and furthermore, construct all the processes when the existence conditions are satisfied. In addition, the uniqueness of the honest $Q$-processes are investigated as well.

Alternative splicing of signaling proteins can contribute to the complexity of signaling networks. We find that expression of mouse RON, but not human RON, results in constitutive receptor autophosphorylation, ligand-independent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and association of the receptor with c-Src. Using chimeric receptors, we mapped the region for this difference in signaling capacity of mouse and human RON to the juxtamembrane domain. Expression of these receptors in primary erythroid progenitor cells also demonstrated a functional difference in the ability of mouse and human RON to support erythropoietin-independent colony formation that mapped to the juxtamembrane domain. Splicing of the mouse RON receptor tyrosine kinase transcript results in the constitutive deletion of an exon used by all other known RON orthologs that encodes part of the juxtamembrane domain of the receptor. Mutational analysis indicated that the two tyrosines present in this region in human RON, one of which has been previously shown to be a c-Cbl binding site, are not responsible for this difference. However, deletion of this region in the context of human RON enhanced receptor phosphorylation, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, and association of c-Src at levels comparable with those observed with mouse RON. These data provide direct evidence that the divergence of exon usage among different species can generate a protein with novel activity and subsequently add to the complexity of cellular signaling regulation.

During the initial stage of Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia in mice, interaction of the viral protein gp55 with the erythropoietin receptor, and other host factors, drives the expansion of erythroid precursor cells. Recently, we demonstrated that the Friend virus susceptibility locus, Fv2, which is required for the expansion of infected cells, encodes a naturally occurring, N-terminally truncated form of the Stk receptor tyrosine kinase (Sf-Stk). Here we show that in vitro expression of Sf-Stk confers Friend virus sensitivity to erythroid progenitor cells from Fv2(rr) mice. Furthermore, our data reveal that Sf-Stk kinase activity and Y436, but not Y429, are required for Epo-independent colony formation following Friend virus infection. Introduction of a mutation that results in failure to bind Grb2 abrogates the ability of Sf-Stk to induce colonies in response to Friend virus, while the Grb2 binding site from EGFR restores this response. Consistent with the ability of Grb2 to recruit SOS and Gab1, the Ras/MAPK and PI3K pathways are activated by Sf-Stk, and both of these pathways are required for gp55-mediated erythroblast proliferation. These data clearly demonstrate a requirement for signaling through Sf-Stk in the Epo-independent expansion of Friend virus-infected cells, and suggest a pivotal role for Grb2 in this response.

For original paper see Khalilov et al. ibid., vol.6, p.193 (1990). The authors comment on a recent paper by Khalilov and Khruslov. They show that the matrix generalization of the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation presented by them is related to simpler generalizations of the modified and unmodified Korteweg-de Vries equation given by other authors.

We present a tri-Hamiltonian system which is an extension of the famous Boussinesq equation, and more importantly we give the corresponding modifications. The motivation of this study is to generalize the results of [1] and [2]. The details are given in [3].