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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies found in head and neck cancers. Dysregulation of lncRNAs has been proposed to be related to the development of OSCC. Here, we investigated the function and probable mechanisms of lncRNA DLEU1 in OSCC. OSCC cell lines and human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were cultured, while SCC-25 and CAL-27 cells were transfected with the corresponding plasmids. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot were carried out to measure the RNA and protein levels. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated using MTT assays, wound healing and Transwell assays. The StarBase database predicted the interactions between DLEU1 and miR-126-5p, as well as miR-126-5p and GAB1, which were further validated using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Our results indicated that DLEU1 and GAB1 were upregulated, while miR-126-5p was downregulated in OSCC cells. Silencing DLEU1 reduced OSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while DLEU1 overexpression had the opposite effects. DLEU1 mediated biological effects in OSCC through binding to miR-126-5p, which directly targeted GAB1. miR-126-5p knockdown rescued the inhibitory function of DLEU1 depletion on proliferation, migration and invasion. Meanwhile, the miR-126-5p mimic exerted suppressive functions in the progression of OSCC, which were neutralized after GAB1 overexpression. In summary, lncRNA DLEU1 targets the miR-126-5p/GAB1 axis to aggravate OSCC progression, providing a novel target for treating OSCC.

Isoselenazolone derivatives have attracted significant research interest because of their potent therapeutic activities and indispensable applications in organic synthesis. Efficient construction of functionalized isoselenazolone scaffolds is still challenging, and thus new synthetic approaches with improved operational simplicity have been of particular interest. In this manuscript, we introduce a rhodium-catalyzed direct selenium annulation by using stable and tractable elemental selenium. A series of benzamides as well as acrylamides were successfully coupled with selenium under mild reaction conditions, and the obtained isoselenazolones could be pivotal synthetic precursors for several organoselenium compounds. Based on the designed control experiments and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements, we propose an unprecedented selenation mechanism involving a highly electrophilic Se(IV) species as the reactive selenium donor. The reaction mechanism was further verified by a computational study.

CuCl/(R,R)-Ph-BPE-catalyzed asymmetric hydroallylation of 1,2-dihydroquinolines, prepared from readily available quinolines, was developed. The optically active tetrahydroquinolines (THQs) bearing an allylic functionality at position 4 were obtained in good yields and excellent enantioselectivity. The introduced allylic groups are amenable to diverse transformations, thus offering chances to rapidly expand the THQ libraries.

To better exploit all-liquid 3D architectures, it is essential to understand dynamic processes that occur during printing one liquid in a second immiscible liquid. Here, the interfacial assembly and transition of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (H

A copper(II) acetate/(R)-DTBM-SEGPHOS-catalyzed ring opening of benzofurans and enantioselective hydroamination cascade with dimethoxymethylsilane (DMMS) and hydroxylamine esters is described. Starting from readily available substituted benzofurans, a series of chiral N,N-dibenzylaminophenols, which are of high interest in pharmaceutical chemistry, were obtained with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 66 % yield, 94 % ee).

We summarize in this review the recent development of chiral phosphoric acid (CPA)-catalyzed asymmetric dearomatization reactions. A wide array of electron-rich arenes (indoles, phenols, naphthols, benzothiophenes, benzofurans, etc.) and electron-poor arenes (pyridines, quinolines, isoquinolines, etc.) has been proved reactive towards various reaction partners in the presence of a CPA catalyst, enabling asymmetric dearomatization reactions that lead to structurally-diverse polycyclic molecules. The reactions are grouped according to the roles of the arenes in the reactions (as nucleophiles or electrophiles) and the types of reaction partners. This review closes with a personal perspective on the dynamic research area of asymmetric dearomatization reactions by CPAs.

A 1,2-reductive dearomatization of quinolines and copper(II) acetate monohydrate/(R,R)-Ph-BPE/P(p-tolyl)3-catalyzed enantioselective hydroamination sequence was developed, affording diverse 4-amino...

Studying civil aircraft emergency evacuation process by using computer model is an effective way. In this study, the evacuation of Airbus A380 is simulated using a Finer-Grid Civil Aircraft Evacuation (FGCAE) model. In this model, the effect of seat area and others on escape process and pedestrian’s “hesitation” before leaving exits are considered, and an optimized rule of exit choice is defined. Simulations reproduce typical characteristics of aircraft evacuation, such as the movement synchronization between adjacent pedestrians, route choice and so on, and indicate that evacuation efficiency will be determined by pedestrian‘s “preference” and “hesitation”. Based on the model, an assessment procedure of aircraft evacuation safety is presented. The assessment and comparison with the actual evacuation test demonstrate that the available exit setting of “one exit from each exit pair” used by practical demonstration test is not the worst scenario. The half exits of one end of the cabin are all unavailable is the worst one, that should be paid more attention to, and even be adopted in the certification test. The model and method presented in this study could be useful for assessing, validating and improving the evacuation performance of aircraft.

This paper investigates the effect of three different superplasticizers (SPs), Naphthalene (N), Melamine (M) and Polycarboxylate (PC), on the properties of one-part fly ash/slag geopolymer pastes activated by Ca(OH)2/Na2SO4 powder combination. The flowability, setting time, and compressive strength of the achieved geopolymer pastes were assessed. It was found that the superplasticizers significantly improved the flowability, retarded the setting time, and increased the compressive strength of the one-part Ca(OH)2/Na2SO4 geopolymer pastes. The most recommended superplasticizer was found to be polycarboxylate. The use of polycarboxylate SP for decreasing the water content (i.e. w/b) in Ca(OH)2/Na2SO4 geopolymer pastes has resulted in reducing the porosity and enhancing the compactness of the aluminosilicate gel, therefore, improved the compressive strength. It was found that the excessive use of polycarboxylate (i.e. 3%) for additional water reduction in Ca(OH)2/Na2SO4 geopolymer pastes had an adverse effect; it extended the induction period and delayed the participation of reaction products, thus significantly prolonged the setting time. Furthermore, a comparison between the achieved Ca(OH)2/Na2SO4 geopolymer pastes and the conventional Na2SiO3-anhydrous one-part geopolymer pastes was carried out. It was found that Ca(OH)2/Na2SO4 geopolymer exhibited significantly lower compressive strength, higher flowability and considerably longer setting time compared to Na2SiO3 geopolymer. Hence, such binder can be implemented as a green non-structural material.

Nitrogen dioxide (NO

Clean fracturing fluid is suitable for the transformation of low permeability reservoirs, with a strong waterproof Mintel, but temperature resistance is poor. As water base guanidine gum fracturing fluid doesn’t have effective function on Tong47 fault Block For Huabei Oilfield with characteristics of medium porosity, low permeability and strong water sensitivity, we proposed a new high temperature clean fracturing fluid system (120℃) which was prepared with anionic Gemini surfactant and other additives. The system was successfully applied in 7 wells, the average oil production increased 10.4 t/d, and the oil incremental effect is obvious.

The chelating resin was synthesized by free-radical copolymerization of iminodiacetic acid modified glycidyl methacrylate with a cross-linker N,N′-methylene biscarylamide at 70°C for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The equilibrium adsorption capacities of the chelating resin from their single-metal ion solutions were 3.28 mmol/g for Cd(II), 2.36 mmol/g for Cu(II), 1.71 mmol/g for Mn(II), 1.69 mmol/g for Ni(II), 1.41 mmol/g for Zn(II), 1.24 mmol/g for Co(II), 0.78 mmol/g for Cr(III) and 0.66 mmol/g for Pb(II). Their related absorption behaviors are discussed in this paper such as thermodynamic equilibrium, pH effect and the Langmuir and Freundlich model to evaluate the experimental data. According to the results, this resin could be used as a promising adsorbent for industrial wastewater disposal.

Performance tests are conducted on pervious concrete mixed with Polypropylene Split Fiber (PPSF), in which basic indexes such as compressive strength, splitting strength, flexural strength, porosity, permeability coefficient are measured. Results indicate: mixed with certain amount of PPSF in ordinary pervious concrete is feasible, and during mixing PPSF is split into uniformly distributed monofilament fiber without occurrence of agglomeration or rustiness; incorporating 3kg PPSF in 1m3 pervious concrete is proper, under which compared with the ordinary pervious concrete, both porosity and permeability coefficient are decreased, but application requirements are still met, while strength is increased obviously; the pervious concrete mixed with PPSF can be used in ordinary light traffic pavements.

Recently, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHP) are studied in memory devices, but ternary resistive memory with three states based on OIHP is not achieved yet. In this work, ternary resistive memory based on hybrid perovskite is achieved with a high device yield (75%), much higher than most organic ternary resistive memories. The pseudohalide-induced 2D (CH

As an optimization which is of very strong robustness and independent of the concrete areas of the problems, the genetic algorithm are discussed and applied in analyzing the signals of the overlapped peaks more and more. However, whether the Gauss-type or the Lorentz-type spectrum lines, the functions of which are usually very complicated. Thus, it is very difficult to obtain a favorable solution using the genetic algorithm, and there are too many generations of calculation. Therefore, in this letter, the steepest descent algorithm is added to the genetic algorithm. And the fast converged favorable solutions are obtained through simulating the analyzing the Gauss-type overlapped peaks.

With the analysis of vehicle braking drum overheated which has caused brake invalid，this paper put forward a kind of research way to improve the problem of braking drum overheated. Through auto control it spurts water to lower the temperature to the overheated hub to solve the problem of brake invalid which is caused by braking hub overheated，improve the constancy of braking efficiency，guarantee the security of vehicle drive.

Two colorimetric probes based on oxazine-thione 1a and 1b for the detection of Hg2+ were designed and synthesized. The probe 1a exhibits about a 70-fold enhancement in fluorescence and a color change after the addition of Hg2+ in acetonitrile/wate solvent. 1a was also highly selective to Hg2+ over other metal ions. Furthermore, DFT/TDDFT calculations were taken to explain the OFF-ON emission response.

In this paper, one methacrylate monomer containing naphthalimide as electron acceptor and aromatic hydrazone as electron donor was designed and synthesized. Its copolymer with styrene has been inco...

The paper presents the experimental studies of reinforced concrete column (RC column) capacity affected by core drilling. By testing three groups (9 total) of full scale concrete short columns, the experiment demonstrates that the axial compression capacity of RC columns after core drilling is reduced from 5.63% to 22.14% while the ultimate displacement decreases from 1.88% to 26.14%. The behavior of columns is altered from the axial compression failure to a small-eccentricity compression failure. The paper summarizes experiment results, followed by an investigation of the dominant factors, such as column effective cross section, drilling location, drilled hole repairing and reinforcing steels discontinued by drilling, that have impact on RC column capacity. The rationale of capacity variations of RC columns due to core drilling is also investigated.

[yu, shaomei; zhang, xingwang; lu, jianmei; xu, qingfeng; xia, xuewei; ma, guilin] suzhou univ, sch chem & chem engn, key lab organ synth jiangsu prov, suzhou 215123, peoples r china; [yan, feng] fudan univ, key lab mol engn polymers, shanghai, peoples r china; [zhang, xingwang; you, jingbi] chinese acad sci, inst semicond, key lab semiconductor mat sci, beijing 100083, peoples r china

Two functional monomers, methacrylic acid 4-(2-benzoxazol)-benzyl ester (MABE) containing the benzoxazole group and 4-(2-(9-anthryl))-vinyl-styrene (AVS) containing the anthracene group were synthesized by rational design. The MABE was polymerized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (EBIB) as initiator in CuBr/N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) catalyst system; block copolymers poly(MABE-b-AVS) was obtained, which was conducted by using poly(MABE) as macro-initiator, AVS as the second monomer, and CuBr/PMDETA as catalyst. The constitute of two monomers in block copolymers poly(MABE-b-AVS) by ATRP could be adjusted, that is the constitute of the benzoxazole group and the anthracene group could be controlled in AB-type block copolymers. Moreover, the fluorescent properties of homopolymers poly(MABE) and block copolymers poly(MABE-b-AVS) were discussed herein. With the excitation at λex = 330 nm, the fluorescent emission spectrum of poly(MABE) solution showed emission at 375 nm corresponding to the benzoxazole-based part; with the same excitation, the fluorescent emission spectrum of poly(MABE-b-AVS) solution showed a broad peek at 330–600 nm when the monomer AVS to the total monomers mole ratio was 0.31, and the fluorescent emission spectrum of poly(MABE-b-AVS) in film state only showed one peak at 525 nm corresponding to the anthracene-based unit that indicated a complete energy transfer from the benzoxazole group to the anthracene group. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3894–3901, 2007

In our working toward the rational design and synthesis of cluster-based suppramolecular architectures, a set of new [WS4Cu4]- or [MoOS3Cu3]-based supramolecular assemblies have been prepared from reactions of preformed cluster compounds [Et4N]4[WS4Cu4I6] (1) and [(n-Bu)4N]2[MoOS3Cu3X3] (2, X = I; 3, X = SCN) with flexible ditopic ligands such as dipyridylsulfide (dps), dipyridyl disulfide (dpds), and their combinations with dicyanamide (dca) anion and 4,4‘-bipy. The cluster precursor 1 reacted with dps or dpds and sodium dicyanamide (dca) in MeCN to produce [WS4Cu4I2(dps)3]·2MeCN (4·2MeCN) and [WS4Cu4(dca)2(dpds)2]·Et2O·2MeCN (5·Et2O·2MeCN), respectively. On the other hand, treatment of 2 with dpds in DMF/MeCN afforded [MoOS3Cu3I(dpds)2]·0.5DMF·2(MeCN)0.5 (6·0.5DMF·2(MeCN)0.5) while reaction of 3 with sodium dicyanamide (dca) and 4,4‘-bipy in DMF/MeCN gave rise to [MoOS3Cu3(dca)(4,4‘-bipy)1.5]·DMF·MeCN (7·DMF·MeCN). Compounds 4·2MeCN, 5·Et2O·2MeCN, 6·0.5DMF·2(MeCN)0.5, and 7·DMF·MeCN have been characteri...

Approaches to the assembly of (η5-C5Me5)WS3Cu3-based supramolecular compounds from two preformed incomplete cubane-like clusters [PPh4][(η5-C5Me5)WS3(CuX)3] (X = CN, 1a; X = Br, 1b) have been inves...

Reactions of [(dtc)2Mo2(S)2(μ-S)2] with one or two equivalents of CuBr in CH2Cl2 afforded two new heterobimetallic sulfide clusters, [(dtc)2Mo2(μ3-S)(μ-S)3(CuBr)] (1) and [(dtc)2Mo2(μ3-S)4(CuBr)2] (2). Both compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV–vis and X-ray analysis. Compound 1 contains a butterfly-shaped Mo2S4Cu core in which one CuBr unit is coordinated by one bridging S and two terminal S atoms of the [(dtc)2Mo2(S)2(μ-S)2] moiety. In the structure of 2, one [(dtc)2Mo2(S)2(μ-S)2] moiety and two CuBr units are held together by six Cu–μ3-S bonds, forming a cubane-like Mo2S4Cu2 core.

The use of mononuclear metal sulfide ligands to construct heterometallic sulfide clusters is an area of inorganic chemistry that has received ever-increasing attention in recent years. This article reviews the advances that have been made in the synthesis and coordination chemistry of organometallic trithio complex, [PPh 4 ][(η 5 -C 5 Me 5 )MS 3 ] (M=W, Mo). From a set of 24 W(Mo) ∣ Cu(Ag, Au, Pd) ∣ S clusters containing (η 5 -C 5 Me 5 )MS 3 moiety, three basic cluster fragments along with a rare fragment are topologically outlined. Each specific structure is briefly discussed and particular emphasis is put upon how the specific cluster array is assembled via these fragments or their certain combination is highlighted.

Some lanthanide nitrate complexes with N-butylcaprolactam of general formula Ln( CH 2 (CH 2 ) 4 CON C4H9]3(NO3)3 have been prepared and characterized by means of elemental analysis and IR spectra. The crystal and molecular structures of Tm[ CH 2 (CH 2 ) 4 CON C4H9]3(NO3)3 and Nd[ CH 2 (CH 2 ) 4 CON C4H9]3(NO3)3 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The two complexes are isostructural and crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c. Thulium(III) [Nd(III) is coordinated thorugh three carbonyls of three organic ligands and the three nitrates are all bidentate ligands. So each Tm(III) [Nd(III)] is coordinated by nine oxygens, which form a distorted tricapped trigonal prism.

The reaction of silver formate with HCO2H and 4,4′-bi­pyridine in CH3CN produced the title compound, [Ag(CHO2)(C10H8N2)]·H2O·CH2O2. In the structure, each 4,4′-bi­pyridine moiety acts as a bidentate ligand that binds two Ag atoms, thus forming a linear chain. The formate ions bridge the adjacent chains through Ag—O bonds [Ag—O = 2.709 (6)–3.089 (5) A] to form molecular ladders. The mol­ecular ladders are stacked into layers and are interconnected by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, C9H13NO3S2, exists as a zwitterion with crystallographic mirror symmetry. The central S atom of the S2O3 group adopts a slightly distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry. The S—S bond length is 2.1137 (7) A, while the S—O bond lengths are in the range 1.4417 (12)–1.457 (2) A. The zwitterions in the crystal adopt a head-to-tail arrangement, which leads to the formation of a three-dimensional network through C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

The new compound (IVa) is highly selective to Hg2+ and exhibits a ≈70-fold enhancement in fluorescence and a color change after the addition of Hg2+ in water-compatible solvents.

MiR-145 can regulate cell apoptosis, proliferation, neural development and stem cell differentiation. Previous studies indicate that miR-145 is downregulated in human colon cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of miR-145 used to regulate colon carcinogenesis and angiogenesis remain to be clarified. Here, we show that the expression of miR-145 is downregulated in colon and ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. MiR-145 inhibits p70S6K1 post-transcriptional expression by binding to its 3′-UTR. The angiogenic factors hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are downstream molecules of p70S6K1, are decreased by miR-145 overexpression. P70S6K1 rescues miR-145-suppressed HIF-1 and VEGF levels, tumorigenesis and tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, the miR-145 level is inversely correlated with the amount of p70S6K1 protein in colon cancer tissues. Taken together, these studies suggest that miR-145 serves as a tumor suppressor which downregulates HIF-1 and VEGF expression by targeting p70S6K1, leading to the inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis. The miR-145 rescue could be a rationale for therapeutic applications in colon cancer in the future.

Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) is an effective and reasonable technology for utilization in wooden material. Facing the defects of wooden material, the effective NDE appears practically significant for protecting wood structures. Major NDE techniques and equipments applied in wood structures detection were systematically summarized. Then State of main researches on NDE used in wooden material was reviewed, including the imaging technique, the signal technique and the probe technique. The shortcomings of NDE used in wood structures were pointed out briefly. Quantitative analysis on the relationship between mechanical strength of wood and results of non-destructive testing were found to be insufficient. At last, the development tendency of NDE is forecasted.

A third-order nonlinear optical (NLO)-active initiator (NA3PH) was synthesized to prepare a NLO-active polystyrene (NA3PH-PSt) via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The polymerization initiated by NA3PH was studied and the third-order NLO properties of the obtained NA3PH-PSt were investigated by Z-scan technique in comparison with NA3PH. Results show that the endfunctionalized polystyrene possesses third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities (10-11esu) close to NA3PH. In addition, NA3PH-PSt has good thermal stability and solubility, which holds potential for further application in NLO devices.

2-Bromoisobutyric acid 4-(2-benzothiazole-2-yl-vinyl)-phenyl ester (BPBVE) was used for the heterogeneous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with a copper(I)bromide/2,2’-bipyridine catalytic system. Factors such as the reaction temperature and mole ratio of catalyst to initiator, which could affect the ATRP system, were discussed in the paper. The functional end group was characterized via UV-vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The rates of polymerizations exhibited first-order kinetics with respect to the monomer, and a linear increase in the number-average molecular weight with increasing monomer conversion was observed for these initiation systems. The polydispersity indices (PDI) of the polymer were relatively low (1.07- 1.23) up to high conversions. This PMMA with BPBVE as end group shows strong emission at blue-light area whether in solution or in solid. In particularly, emission was decreased (or quenched) with appearance of metal cations (Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Ag+) in DMF solution.

Two new stilbene derivatives, 4-methacryloxyl-4'-nitrostilbene (NS) and 4-(6-methacryloxyl)-hexyloxy-4'-nitrostilbene (HNS), were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, HPLC and 1H NMR. The influence of structure, concentration and solvent polarity on the fluorescence of the two compounds was investigated in the present paper. Results showed that both NS and HNS have concentration quenching effect and the fluorescence spectrum exhibited a red shift with the increase in the polarity of solvents. Moreover, the donor-acceptor structure is formed in HNS due to the introduction of donor group hexyloxy, which leads to a 72 nm red shift of the maximum wavelength of fluorescence compared with NS, and the fluorescence generated from such composite in DMF solution would change from yellow to orange.

A novel initiator, 2-benzothiazol-2-yl-5-bromomethyl-phenol (BYBP) containing excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) fluorophore was synthesized. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene was conducted successfully using BYBP as initiator, cuprous bromide (CuBr)/N,N,N’,N”,N’-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as catalyst, and cyclohexanone/DMF (mcyclohexanone: mDMF = 1: 1) as solvent. Factors such as the reaction temperature and molar ratio of catalyst to initiator, which could affect the ATRP system, were discussed in the paper. Chain extension was conducted using polymer as the macro-initiator which was characterized via 1H NMR. The optical property of initiator was well preserved in the obtained polystyrene, and the endfunctionalized polystyrene exhibited obvious fluorescent emission at about 530 nm.

Both interfractional and intrafractional setup errors may affect the precision of radiotherapy. This study was to analyze the interfractional and intrafractional setup errors in radiotherapy for tumors using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT).Of the 51 patients received radiotherapy, 19 had head and neck tumors, 25 had thoracic tumors, and seven had abdominal-pelvic tumors. Patients received CBCT scans after initial setup, after re-positioning and after radiation delivery. The CBCT images were registered to the planning CT images, and setup errors on X,Y, Z axes were analyzed.A total of 1,934 CBCT scans were performed on 51 patients, of which 955 were performed after initial setup, 525 after re-positioning and 454 after radiation delivery. The interfractional setup errors on X, Y and Z axes were (1.2+/-0.9) mm,(1.2+/-1.1) mm and (1.0+/-0.8) mm, respectively, for head and neck tumors; (2.3+/-1.9) mm, (4.2+/-3.7) mm and (2.4+/-2.1) mm, respectively, for thoracic tumors; (1.7+/-1.5) mm,(4.7+/-3.6) mm and (2.1+/-1.6) mm, respectively, for abdominal-pelvic tumors. Comparing with the post-correction position, the post-treatment setup errors in head and neck tumors increased significantly on all three axes (P0.05), whereas the difference was not significant in trunk tumors (P0.05).Measurement and correction of interfractional setup errors before each fraction using CBCT could help to improve the precision of radiotherapy. The intrafractional setup error variations are obvious in head and neck tumors and should be taken into account during treatment planning. The intrafractional setup errors in trunk tumors need further study.

BACKGROUND Animal models are needed for the study of rapid tooth movement into the extraction socket through distraction osteogenesis of the periodontal ligament. METHODS Modified distraction devices were placed on eight dogs between the first and third mandibular premolars on the left sides; similar placement of traditional straight wise appliances on the right sides served as the control. The experimental distractors were activated (0.25 mm/d) twice a day and the control devices were activated (100 g) for two weeks with consolidation periods at weeks two, three, six, and ten. Two dogs were sacrificed at each consolidation time point; rates and patterns of tooth movement, loss of anchorage, and periapical films were evaluated, and the affected premolars and surrounding periodontal tissues were decalcified and examined histologically. General observations, X-ray periapical filming and histology examination were performed. RESULTS Distal movement ((3.66+/-0.14) mm) measured two weeks after modified distraction exceeded that achieved using the traditional device ((1.15+/-0.21) mm; P

A series of copper phthalocyanine derivatives substituted by aliphatic chain were obtained by the reaction of tetra-formyl chloride copper phthalocyanine and aliphatic alcohol such as n-butyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, n-hexyl alcohol, n-caprylic alcohol and lauryl alcohol. IR, UV-Vis, elemental analysis and 1H NMR verified the structures and substituting degree. The solubility and the relationship between fluorescence and concentration and substituting group were studied in organic solution. It was confirmed that the solubility in organic solution was improved greatly, the fluorescence did not change in linear according to the concentration and the fluorescence of copper phthalocyanine derivatives substituted by the long alkyl was stronger than that substituted by the relatively short alkyl.