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TMEM151A, located at 11q13.2 and encoding transmembrane protein 151A, was recently reported as causative for autosomal dominant paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD). Here, through comprehensive analysis of sporadic and familial cases, we expand the clinical and mutation spectrum of PKD. In doing so, we clarify the clinical and genetic features of Chinese PKD patients harboring TMEM151A variants and further explore the relationship between TMEM151A mutations and PKD. Whole exome sequencing was performed on 26 sporadic PKD patients and nine familial PKD pedigrees without PRRT2 variants. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess the gene expression of frameshift mutant TMEM151A in a PKD patient. TMEM151A variants reported to date were reviewed. Four TMEM151A variants were detected in four unrelated families with 12 individuals, including a frameshift mutation [c.606_607insA (p.Val203fs)], two missense mutations [c.166G > A (p.Gly56Arg) and c.791T > C (p.Val264Ala)], and a non-pathogenic variant [c.994G > A (p.Gly332Arg)]. The monoallelic frameshift mutation (c.606_607insA) may cause TMEM151A mRNA decay, suggesting a potential pathogenic mechanism of haploinsufficiency. Patients with TMEM151A variants had short-duration attacks and presented with dystonia. Our study provides a detailed clinical description of PKD patients with TMEM151A mutations and reports a new disease-causing mutation, expanding the known phenotypes caused by TMEM151A mutations and providing further detail about the pathoetiology of PKD.

Pd-catalyzed intermolecular asymmetric allylic dearomatization of substituted β-naphthol derivatives with Boc-protected Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) adducts was developed. The reaction occurs smoothly in 1,4-dioxane at room temperature in the presence of [Pd(C

The enantioselective ketimine-ene reaction is one of the most challenging stereocontrolled reaction types in organic synthesis. In this work, catalytic enantioselective ketimine-ene reactions of 2-aryl-3H-indol-3-ones with α-methylstyrenes were achieved by utilizing a B(C6 F5 )3 /chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalyst. These ketimine-ene reactions proceed well with low catalyst loading (B(C6 F5 )3 /CPA=2 mol %/2 mol %) under mild conditions, providing rapid and facile access to a series of functionalized 2-allyl-indolin-3-ones with very good reactivity (up to 99 % yield) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee). Theoretical calculations reveal that enhancement of the acidity of the chiral phosphoric acid by B(C6 F5 )3 significantly reduces the activation free energy barrier. Furthermore, collective favorable hydrogen-bonding interactions, especially the enhanced N-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen-bonding interaction, differentiates the free energy of the transition states of CPA and B(C6 F5 )3 /CPA, thereby inducing the improvement of stereoselectivity.

Herein, we disclosed an efficient protocol for the construction of chiral 3-allyl-3-hydroxyoxindoles via the enantioselective allylation reaction of isatins and allylboronates catalyzed by a simple binary acid Bi(OAc)3/CPA system under mild conditions. The synthetic utility of this strategy has been demonstrated through the formal synthesis of ent-CPC-1.

Summary Chiral homoallylic amines not only are found in pharmaceutically relevant compounds but also serve as versatile building blocks for chemical synthesis. However, catalytic allylation of ketimines with allylboronates, an attractive approach to synthesize chiral homoallylic amine scaffolds remain scarce. Herein, we develop a highly enantioselective allylation of isatin-derived ketimines with boron allylation reagents catalyzed by a Bi(OAc)3-chiral phosphoric acid catalyst system. The reactions are remarkably efficient and mild, most of which were completed in less than an hour at room temperature with only 1/2 mol% (Bi(OAc)3/CPA) catalyst loading. A wide range of chiral 3-allyl 3-aminooxindoles were obtained in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The synthetic utility was demonstrated by efficient formal synthesis of (+)-AG-041R and (−)-psychotriasine. Preliminary mechanism was studied by control experiments and theoretical calculations., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • Asymmetric allylation of ketimines • Bi(OAc)3-chiral phosphoric acid catalyst • Downstream synthetic transformations, Catalysis; Organic Synthesis; Organic Reaction

The enantioselective aza-Diels-Alder reaction represents one of the most efficient method for constructing chiral tetrahydropyridines. Nevertheless, the catalytic asymmetric aza-Diels-Alder reaction of ketimines with unactivated dienes is still a challenging topic. Herein, guided by computational screening, a highly enantioselective aza-Diels-Alder reaction of 2-aryl-3 H -indol-3-ones with unactivated dienes was realized by using a B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 /chiral phosphoric acid catalyst system under mild conditions. The reaction has a broad scope with respect to both aza-Diels-Alder reaction partners and hence offers rapid access to an array of tetrahydropyridine derivatives with pretty outcomes (up to 99% yield, >20:1 dr and 98:2 er). Notely, the reaction is very efficient, in which the catalyst loadings for the model reaction can be reduced to 0.1 mol% and the enantioselectivity is still maintained. Besides, the synthetic utility of the protocol was proved by transformations of the products. Moreover, DFT calculations provide convincing evidence for the interpretation of stereoselection.

AIM: To probe into the related influencing factors of serum lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)level in patients with diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Totally 174 cases of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and who treated in Department of Endocrinology from September 2015 to September 2017 were selected as the research objects, and were divided into the non-diabetic retinopathy group(NDR), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy group(NPDR)and proliferative diabetic retinopathy group(PDR)according to the results of fundus examination. Then, the age, sex, body mass index(BMI), blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), C-reactive protein(CRP), and Lp-PLA2 levels and other clinical data of three groups of patients were collected and compared. RESULTS: There was significant differences in the duration of diabetes, fasting blood glucose(FBP), 2h postprandial blood glucose(2hBP), HbA1c, triacylglycerol(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), VEGF, CRP, Lp-PLA2 between the three groups of patients(PP>0.05). While there was significant difference in biochemical indexes of patients between PDR group and NDR group(PPPPCONCLUSION: The level of serum Lp-PLA2 in patients with diabetic retinopathy are significantly increased, which the level is positively correlated with the duration of diabetes and serum VEGF level, thus it can be used as diagnostic index for diabetic retinopathy.

The relationship between the levels of renalase and changes in proteinuria, hypertension, renal function, renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression was investigated in patients (chronic nephritis, primary nephrotic syndrome or other kidney disease) that underwent renal biopsy. The study group comprised 72 patients undergoing renal biopsy. Patient profiles and renal function were collected. Concentrations of renalase and Bcl-2 were measured by immunohistochemistry. Tubular injury was detected by periodic acid Schiff staining (PAS) and renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. The expression of renalase was significantly lower in renal biopsy specimens than in normal kidney tissues. There was a positive linear relationship between renalase and some serum and cardiac indices; a negative correlation was found between age, eGFR, Ccr and 24-h urinary protein. Renal tubule injury index and tubular epithelial cell apoptosis index showed a negative linear correlation with renalase. The results showed that renalase probably increased the expression of Bcl-2. By two independent samples t-test, renalase levels were significantly increased in the non-hypertension group than in the hypertension group. One-way ANOVA showed that renalase expression was higher in samples with Lee's grade III than in those with Lee's grade V. The expression of renalase was significantly decreased in patients who underwent renal biopsy, and was also associated with blood and renal function. The research proved that renalase may reduce renal tubular injury and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, finally achieving the purpose of delaying the progress of renal failure.

Objective: In a paternity case, the D12S391 locus was reported as a mismatch. To confirm the existence of mutations and mutations come from father or mother. Methods: STR and next-generation sequencing technology were used to validate the sequence. Results: NGS showed the loss of one adenine between the 19.3 allele of the child and allele 20 of the mother. Conclusion: The NGS can be applied in the paternity to validate the mutation.

Half-sibling (HS) kinship testing is more difficult and complicated.This article describes a case where we sought to establish if three children with different mothers (one boy and two girls), shared a common father. The three children and their mother,as well as the suspected father's elder brother took part in the identification. To investigate the application of multiple genetic markers in HS kinship testing,autosomal STR, Y-STR, and X-STR was performed on blood samples from the individuals of interest C1 (female), M1 (mother of C1), C2 (male), M2 (mother of C2), C3 (female), M3 (mother of C3), and UC (elder brother of the suspected biological father). The 24 Y-STR haplotypes of C2 and UC were identical, confirming that they come from the same paternal line.Among the 27 X-STRs tested in C1 and C3, 18 of them had different paternal alleles, so C1 and C3 were excluded as half-sibling kinship.39 autosomal STR were calculated by ITO method,the HSI (or AI) of the pairs C1–C3, C2–C3, and C3–UC are 1, which may supports HS kinship between C1 and C2 and avuncular kinship between C1 and UC, and between C2 and UC.15 autosomal STR were calculated by discriminant function, DHS3 > DR3 between C1 and C2, and thus they could be HS. DHS3

To study the effects of iron metabolism abnormality on EPO-STAT5 signaling pathway in anemia patients.According to diseases, the patients were divided into 3 groups: lower risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) group (30 cases) including 14 cases of non-iron over load and 16 cases of iron over load, 12 cases of them were treated by iron chelation therapy; anemia of chronic disease (ACD) group (12 cases) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) group (12 cases). In addition, the healthy control group was selected. The iron metaloslism index (SF, SI, TIBC), serum level of EPO, plasma level of P-STAT5 and STAT-5 mRNA expression in peripheral blood cells were detected and compared in different groups. Moreover, the effects of iron metabolism abnormality on the expression of EPO and STAT5 in anemia patients were analyzed.compared with non-iron over load group, the EPO level in iron over load group significantly increased (P0.05), the expression of STAT5 mRNA and P-STAT5 significantly decreased (P0.05). After iron chelation therapy, the EPO level in serum significantly decreased (P0.05), the expression of STAT5 mRNA and P-STAT5 was up-regulated significantly (P0.05). Compared with healthy control group, the expression of EPO in ACD group was down-regulated significantly, while the expression of STAT5 mRNA was not different, but the P-STAT5 expression was down-regulated significantly (P0.05). Compared with the healtly control group, the EPO expression in IDA group was enhanced significantly (P0.05), the expression of STAT5 mRNA and P-STAT5 were also significantly enhanced (P0.05).The excessive iron load or chronic inflammation may inhibit the activation of EPO-STAT5 signaling pathway and aggravate the anemia.

To explore the expression level of insulin-like growth facter (IGF-IR) in CD34Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of IGF-IR in the CD34The average IGF-IR expression level in the CD34The over-expression of IGF-IR in CD34

Bacillus sp. 6256 is a good biocontrol agent against Botrytis cinerea which caused tomato gray mold disease. Strain 6256 was identified as B. amyloliquefaciens by analysis of its partial gyrB gene sequence. To identify and characterize the antimycotic peptides from the culture broth of the bacterium, the antimicrobial substances produced by B. amyloliquefaciens 6256 were isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Superdex 200 gel filtration chromatography and DEAE anion exchange chromatography. The purified compound was designated as P657. The biological activity of P657 was stable at as high as 100 °C for 20 min and in pH value ranged from 5 to 10. The antimycotic compound was resistant to trypsin and proteinase K, and could completely inhibit spore germination of Botrytis cinerea in vitro. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis results showed the presence of fengycins A (C16–C17) and fengycins B (C15–C17) isoforms in P657.

Antifungal metabolites produced by Bacillus sp. W10, which was previously isolated from the tomato rhizosphere, were investigated. Strain W10 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by analysis of its 16S rDNA and gyrB gene partial sequences. PCR analysis showed the presence of fenB, sfp, and ituD genes, coding for fengycin, surfactin, and iturin, respectively. A novel small antifungal peptide, designated 5240, produced by this strain was isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and Superdex 200 gel filtration chromatography. The 5240 peptide was stable at 100 °C for 20 min and remained active throughout a wide pH range (4–10). The antagonistic activity was not affected by protease K and trypsin. The purified 5240 peptide exhibited a broad inhibitory spectrum against various plant pathogenic fungi and was identified as iturin A (C14-C16). Moreover, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry indicated the presence of fengycin A (C14-C15), fengycin B (C16-C17), and surfactin (C13-C16) isoforms in supernatants from strain W10. These results suggest that B. amyloliquefaciens W10 has significant potential as a biocontrol agent.

The crushing and loosening arised from the characteristics such as single particle, bad gradation, lacking of self-stability, low cohesion, loose structure and shear strength happen frequently in the aeolian sand formation. These characteristics lead to tremendous difficulty for tunnel's design and construction. Loading such as formation pressure must be undertaken by secondary lining. In this paper, relying on Shen-Mu Tunnel of Yu-Shen expressway, the strength of lining section has been checked according to internal force combination through imitating the interaction of rock and lining by applying elastic resistance. The bearing force of secondary lining in aeolian sand tunnel has been discussed through calculation by ANSYS, which plays an important directive role on the construction process and keeps the project going on well.

To test the technical parameters of GlobalFiler® PCR Amplification Kit for its application to forensic application value and to investigate the genetic polymorphisms.The validation was conducted in sensitivity, mixed samples, species specificity, adaptability, survivability, consistency, peak height balance and stability. The amplification and detection of the genomic DNA from 373 unrelated individuals from Beijing Han nationality were extracted by automation workstation.Global-Filer® PCR Amplification Kit was adaptive to some mixed, degraded and inhibited samples. The power of sensitivity and adaptability and peak height balance showed well. The distributions of genotype frequencies for 21 STR loci in the population were all in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P0.05). The PIC value of the 21 STR loci was among 0.536 to 0.940; the H value was among 0.558 to 0.933; the DP value was among 0.783 to 0.992; the PE value was among 0.243 to 0.874.GlobalFiler® PCR Amplification Kit is suitable for criminal cases and DNA database in forensic practice. And 21 STR loci in Beijing Han nationality have high polymorphism, which have application value in forensic practice and population genetics.

SNaPshot minisequencing is a rapid and robust methodology based on a single base extension with a labeled ddNTP. The present study detected 15 selected SNPs in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control and coding regions by minisequencing methodology using SNaPshot for forensic purpose. The samples were collected from 99 unrelated individuals of the Yi ethnic minority group in Yunnan Province. We have predominantly found high-frequency transitions (91.7%) and a significantly lower frequency of transversions (8.3%). The nt152, 489, 8701, 10,398, 16,183, and 16,362 loci were highly polymorphic, while the nt231, 473 and 581 loci were not polymorphic in the studied population. Based on these 15 SNPs, a total of 28 mtDNA haplotypes were defined in 99 individuals with the haplotype diversity of 0.9136. Also, we compared the mtDNA sequences of Yi group and other 9 populations worldwide and drew a Neighbor-Joining tree based on the shared 12 mtDNA SNP loci, which demonstrated a close relationship between Yi and Bai groups. In conclusion, the analysis of the 15 selected SNPs increases considerably the discrimination power of mtDNA. Moreover, the SNaPshot minisequencing method could quickly detect mtDNA SNPs, and is economical and sensitive. The set of selected 15 SNPs is highly informative and is capable for anthropology genetic analysis.

This paper discusses an optimal antiviral treatment strategy for the outbreak of influenza. The optimal control problem is formulated by minimizing the number of infected individuals at a minimal intervention cost. The existence of an optimal solution for the control problem is proved. In addition, with the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle, the time-varying optimal strategy of antiviral treatment is obtained.

To ensure the consistency of genotype results for PowerPlex 21 kit and Goldeneye 20A kit.The STR loci were amplified in DNA samples from 205 unrelated individuals in Beijing Han population. And consistency of 19 overlap STR loci typing were observed. The genetic polymorphism of D1S1656 locus was obtained.All 19 overlap loci typing showed consistent. The proportion of peak height of heterozygous loci in two kits showed no statistical difference (P0.05). The observed heterozygosis of D1S1656 was 0.878. The discrimination power was 0.949. The excluding probability of paternity of triplet was 0.751. The excluding probability of paternity of diploid was 0.506. The polymorphism information content was 0.810.PowerPlex 21 kit and Goldeneye 20A kit present a good consistency. The primer design is reasonable. The polymorphism of D1S1656 is good. The two kits can be used for human genetic analysis, paternity test, and individual identification in forensic practice.

To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 16 non-CODIS loci (D6S477, D22-GATA198B05, D15S659, D8S1132, D3S3045, D17S1290, D14S608, D2S441, D18S535, D13S325, D10S1435, DlS2368, DIS1656, D7S3048, D10S1248 and D19S253) in Beijing Han population.The DNA of 300 unrelated individuals in Beijing Han population were PCR amplified using GoldeneyeM DNA identification system 18NC kit, and the PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis through 3130XL genetic analyzer. The fragment sizes of alleles were taken subsequently by GeneMapper v3.2.The distributions of genotype frequencies of 16 non-CODIS STR loci in Beijing Han population satisfied the Hardy-Weinberg equilibration. The population genetic parameters were obtained as followings: heterozygosity was 0.677-0.873; discrimination power, 0.890-0.967; probability of paternity exclusion, 0.393-0.741; and polymorphism information content, 0.706-0.853.These 16 non-CODIS STR loci show great genetic polymorphisms in Beijing Han population, and are useful for the research of population genetics and forensic application.

NaYF4 : Yb3+, Er3+, Tm3+ nanoparticles were prepared by microemulsion-hydrothermal method. Crystal phase, morphology and structure of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The luminescence properties were studied by up-conversional fluorescence spectroscopy. The XRD patterns of as-prepared samples were in agreement with the PDF # 77-2042 of cubic NaYF4. SEM images of the particles showed that the samples were cotton-like spherical in shape and which were assembled by smaller nano-particles. The average size was 120 nm, while the shape was regular and the particle size was homogeneous. Under the excitation of 980 nm, the as-prepared particles could emit blue (438 and 486 nm), green (523 and 539 nm) and red (650 nm) light simultaneously. It can be seen from the color coordinates figure (CIE) that when doping concentration ratio of Tm3+ and E3+ increased from 0 to 2, the whole emitting light color of samples movedto green region. While the ratio was 1 : 1, pseudo white light was obtained. As the ratio changed from 2 to 7, the luminous color was moved to red region.

Europium doped CaMoO4 and bismuth co-doped CaMoO4 : Eu3+ phosphors were prepared via microemulsion-hydrothermal method. The structure, morphology and luminescence properties of samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. The XRD patterns of as-prepared samples were in agreement with the PDF # 29-0351 of CaMoO4, which indicated that the phosphor possessed tetragonal crystal structure. SEM images showed that the samples were basically flake in shape and their average size was 1.5-2.5 microm. The critical molar concentration of activator (Eu3+) in CaMoO4 : Eu3+ was 5%, and the predominant peak of CaMoO4 : Eu3+ located at 616 nm, corresponding to the 5D0 --7 F2 electronic dipole transition of Eu3+. The photoluminescence color can be tuned from orange-yellow (0.514, 0.537) to white (0.339, 0.333) by adjusting the doping concentrations of Eu3+ ions. To enhance the red emission intensity of Eu3+, Bi3+ was used to co-dope CaMoO4 : Eu3+ as sensitizers. When the concentration of Bi3+ is 3%, luminescence intensity was maximum. The chromaticity coordinates (CIE) varied from orange (0.497, 0.347) to red (0.585, 0.349) with increasing the content of Bi3+.

To probe the expression level of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) in malignant clone cells of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).The combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunochemistry (alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase, APAAP) was used to detect the expression of IGF-IR in the bone marrow cells of 40 MDS patients with abnormal karyotypes.The average IGF-IR expression level on the clone cells \[(84.5 ± 14.2)%\] from the MDS cases was markedly elevated compared to the corresponding level on normal cells \[(11.4 ± 12.1)%\]. And the percentages of malignant clone cells in all 40 MDS cases were significantly correlated with the relevant percentages of IGF-IR positive nucleated cells (r = 0.929, P0.01).IGF-IR might be taken as a marker of clone cells in MDS for its trait to malignant proliferation.

The study was aimed to investigate the origination of abnormal clones in hematopoietic cells of MDS patients. That is to say if there are abnormal clones in CD34(+)CD38(-) and CD34(+)CD38(+) cells and their proportions in MDS patients. Immuno-magnetic bead technique was used to sort CD34(+)CD38(-) and CD34(+)CD38(+) in bone marrow mononuclear cells of 9 MDS patients with chromosome abnormalities (four cases with trisomy 8, 1 case with trisomy 8 complex karyotype, 2 cases with 5q(-), 1 case with 5q(-)complex karyotype, 1 case with 5q(-) accompanying trisomy 8) and smears were made respectively. Then the percentage of abnormal clones in CD34(+)CD38(-) and CD34(+)CD38(+) cells were compared by using FISH. The results indicated that abnormal clones were involved in the two population cells in 9 patients. The percentage of abnormal clones in CD34(+)CD38(-) cells (41.8 ± 8.4%)was obviously lower than that in CD34(+)CD38(+) cells(72.4 ± 7.7%) (p0.001), and the percentage of abnormal clones in karyocytes was 70.8 ± 9.2%. It is concluded the abnormal clones of bone marrow hematopoietic cells may originate from stem cell stage in MDS patients with 5q(-) and +8, and the abnormal clones are predominant at stage of progenitors.

The study was to explore the safety, firmness and convenience of the fascia around the ischial spine as a new fixation site for the vaginal fornix.Between June 2007 and January 2008, detailed dissections and related measurements of the regions around the ischial spine were performed on 10 Chinese female cadavers (3 unembalmed and 7 embalmed cadavers). At the same time, the sacrospinous ligament, the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were exposed and the pull-out strength sequentially tested using a digital push-pull force gauge.The fascia on the ischial spine was firm and strong, with a thickness of 3 about mm. No major vessels or nerves were observed on the ischial spine. The greatest pullout strengths of the sacrospinous ligament, the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were (102 +/- 26), (64 +/- 15), (33 +/- 8) and (32 +/- 6) N, respectively.The fascia at 1 cm from anterior lateral ischial spine, free of major vessels and nerves, is safe and strong and could be used as a new site for suspension in vaginal prolapse.

To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN).A retrospective study was made of 6 patients with VAIN, who were hospitalized at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1980 to 2006.Five cases had a history of hysterectomy, two of whom were because of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or invasive cervical cancer. Four cases had the infection of high-risk oncogenic human papillomaviruses detected with hybrid capture II (HC-II), the other two had no record. In all patients the VAIN lesions were within the upper one third of the vagina. They were all diagnosed by colposcopic examination and directed biopsy after the abnormal cytology by thinprep cytology test (TCT). Six cases of VAIN II-III were treated by excisional surgery. One case had residual lesion and had another surgery 3 months after the first one. Two patients obtained remission at one-year follow-up, three had abnormal cytology by TCT 6 months after surgery, and one had abnormal cytology by TCT at six-month follow-up but normal at one-year follow-up.A history of CIN is the main risk factor for VAIN, so routine vaginal cytology is needed for the patients after hysterectomy due to CIN. Cytology, colposcopic examination and directed biopsy are the mainstays of VAIN diagnosis. Excisional surgery is recommended for the patients with VAIN II-III. Long term follow-up is necessary after treatment.

Membrane (M) protein genes of 20 infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains isolated in China between 1995 and 2004 were sequenced and analyzed. The M genes of twenty isolates were composed of 672 to 681 nucleotides, encoding polypeptides of 223 to 226 amino acid residues. Variations of the deduced amino acids of M gene mainly occurred at positions 2 to 17 and 221 to 233, comparing with that of the IBV strain LX4. There were deletions or insertions in the M gene of Chinese isolates at amino acid position 2 to 6, leading to the loss or gain of a glycosylation site. Phylogenetic tree based on amino acid sequences of M genes from 20 Chinese isolates and 34 reference strains showed that they were classified into five distinct clusters. Most of the Chinese IBV strains were included in clusters II and IV, forming distinct groups. The isolates in cluster II showed a close evolutionary relationship with Taiwan isolates. Furthermore, recombination especially the recombination between field isolates and vaccine strains had been observed while comparing the phylogeny of M genes with those of S1 and N genes.

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by local tissue injury which can trigger a systemic inflammatory response. So vascular complications of pancreatitis are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary embolism in acute pancreatitis has been reported to be very rare. We reported a case of pulmonary embolism with acute pancreatitis. A 38-year-old woman broke out upper abdomen pain without definite inducement. She had no nausea and vomiting, fever, dyspnea, cough and expectoration, chest pain. The patient had been diagnosed with acute pancreatitis in local hospital. The patient was treated with antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors, and the abdomen pain was alleviated slightly. But the patient came forth cough and expectoration with a little blood, progressive dyspnea. A computed tomographic scan of the abdomen revealed pancreatitis. Subsequent computer tomography angiography of chest revealed pulmonary embolism (both down pulmonary arteries, left pulmonary artery and branch of right pulmonary artery). Dyspnea of the patient got well with thrombolytic treatment and anticoagulation therapy. Pulmonary embolism is a rare but potentially lethal complication of pancreatitis. Familiarity with this complication will aid in its early diagnosis, therapy and prevent pulmonary embolism, a rare but catastrophic phenomenon.