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Decapterus maruadsi is a typical representative of small pelagic fish characterized by fast growth rate, small body size, and high fecundity. It is a high-quality marine commercial fish with high nutritional value. However, the underlying genetics and genomics research focused on D. maruadsi is not comprehensive. Herein, a high-quality chromosome-level genome of a male D. maruadsi was assembled. The assembled genome length was 716.13 Mb with contig N50 of 19.70 Mb. Notably, we successfully anchored 95.73% contig sequences into 23 chromosomes with a total length of 685.54 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 30.77 Mb. A total of 22,716 protein-coding genes, 274.90 Mb repeat sequences, and 10,060 ncRNAs were predicted, among which 22,037 (97%) genes were successfully functionally annotated. The comparative genome analysis identified 459 unique, 73 expanded, and 52 contracted gene families. Moreover, 2804 genes were identified as candidates for positive selection, of which some that were related to the growth and development of bone, muscle, cardioid, and ovaries, such as some members of the TGF-β superfamily, were likely involved in the evolution of typical biological features in D. maruadsi. The study provides an accurate and complete chromosome-level reference genome for further genetic conservation, genomic-assisted breeding, and adaptive evolution research for D. maruadsi.

AIM:To observe the efficacy and safety of RS-type lacrimal drainage tube and annular silicone tube placement in the treatment of lacrimal canaliculus laceration.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 64 patients(64 eyes)with lacrimal canaliculus laceration were selected, and divided into group A(34 eyes treated with RS-type lacrimal drainage tube placement)and group B(30 eyes treated with annular silicone tube placement)according to different treatment. Clinical effect, operation time, regression time of postoperative eyelid swelling and complications at 3 and 6mo after surgery were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:There was no statistically significant difference in the total response rate between the two groups at 3mo(94% vs. 87%)and 6mo(91% vs. 83%)after operation(all P

Smallhead hairtail (Eupleurogrammus muticus) is an important marine economic fish distributed along the northern Indian Ocean and the northwest Pacific coast; however, little is known about the mechanism of its genetic evolution. This study generated the first genome assembly of E. muticus at the chromosomal level using a combination of PacBio SMRT, Illumina Nova-Seq, and Hi-C technologies. The final assembled genome size was 709.27 Mb, with a contig N50 of 25.07 Mb, GC content of 40.81%, heterozygosity rate of 1.18%, and repetitive sequence rate of 35.43%. E. muticus genome contained 21,949 protein-coding genes (97.92% of the genes were functionally annotated) and 24 chromosomes. There were 143 expansion gene families, 708 contraction gene families, and 4888 positively selected genes in the genome. Based on the comparative genomic analyses, we screened several candidate genes and pathways related to whip-like tail formation, innate immunity, and DNA repair in E. muticus. These findings preliminarily reveal some molecular evolutionary mechanisms of E. muticus at the genomic level and provide important reference genomic data for the genetic studies of other trichiurids.

Trachinotus ovatus is an economically important mariculture fish, and hypoxia has become a critical threat to this hypoxia-sensitive species. However, the molecular adaptation mechanism of T. ovatus liver to hypoxia remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of acute hypoxic stress (1.5 ± 0.1 mg·L−1 for 6 h) and re-oxygenation (5.8 ± 0.3 mg·L−1 for 12 h) in T. ovatus liver at both the transcriptomic and metabolic levels to elucidate hypoxia adaptation mechanism. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses identified 36 genes and seven metabolites as key molecules that were highly related to signal transduction, cell growth and death, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism, and all played key roles in hypoxia adaptation. Of these, the hub genes FOS and JUN were pivotal hypoxia adaptation biomarkers for regulating cell growth and death. During hypoxia, up-regulation of GADD45B and CDKN1A genes induced cell cycle arrest. Enhancing intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in combination with glutathione metabolism triggered apoptosis; meanwhile, anti-apoptosis mechanism was activated after hypoxia. Expression of genes related to glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, amino acid metabolism, fat mobilization, and fatty acid biosynthesis were up-regulated after acute hypoxic stress, promoting energy supply. After re-oxygenation for 12 h, continuous apoptosis favored cellular function and tissue repair. Shifting from anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis) during hypoxia to aerobic metabolism (fatty acid β-oxidation and TCA cycle) after re-oxygenation was an important energy metabolism adaptation mechanism. Hypoxia 6 h was a critical period for metabolism alteration and cellular homeostasis, and re-oxygenation intervention should be implemented in a timely way. This study thoroughly examined the molecular response mechanism of T. ovatus under acute hypoxic stress, which contributes to the molecular breeding of hypoxia-tolerant cultivars.

Abstract Background Spasticity is a common complication of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, no consensus exists on the relation between spasticity and initial clinical findings after ICH. Methods This retrospective study enrolled adult patients with a history of ICH between January 2012 and October 2020. The modified Ashworth scale was used to assess spasticity. A trained image analyst traced all ICH lesions. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between ICH lesion sites and spasticity. Results We finally analyzed 304 patients (mean age 54.86 ± 12.93 years; 72.04% men). The incidence of spasticity in patients with ICH was 30.92%. Higher National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) scores were associated with an increased predicted probability for spasticity (odds ratio, OR = 1.153 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.093–1.216], p < .001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that lower age, higher NIHSS scores, and drinking were associated with an increased risk of moderate‐to‐severe spasticity (OR = 0.965 [95% CI 0.939–0.992], p = .013; OR = 1.068 [95% CI 1.008–1.130], p = .025; OR = 4.809 [95% CI 1.671–13.840], p = .004, respectively). However, smoking and ICH in the thalamus were associated with a reduced risk of moderate‐to‐severe spasticity (OR = 0.200 [95% CI 0.071–0.563], p = .002; OR = 0.405 [95% CI 0.140–1.174], p = .046, respectively) compared with ICH in the basal ganglia. Conclusions Our results suggest that ICH lesion locations are at least partly associated with post‐stroke spasticity rather than the latter simply being a physiological reaction to ICH itself. The predictors for spasticity after ICH were age, NIHSS scores, past medical history, and ICH lesion sites.

Gastric cancer is a tumor type characterized by lymph node metastasis and the invasion of local tissues. There is thus a critical need to clarify the molecular mechanisms governing gastric cancer onset and progression to guide the treatment of this disease. Long non-coding RNAs and mRNA expression profiles associated with early and local advanced gastric cancer were examined through microarray analyses, with GO and KEGG analyses being employed as a means of exploring the functional roles of those long non-coding RNAs and mRNAs that were differentially expressed in gastric cancer. In total, 1005 and 1831 lncRNAs and mRNAs, respectively, were found to be differentially expressed between early and local advanced gastric cancer. GO and KEGG analyses revealed several pathways and processes that were dysregulated, including the RNA transport, ECM-receptor interaction, and mRNA splicing pathways. In co-expression networks, E2F1, E2F4, and STAT2 were identified as key transcriptional regulators of these processes. Moreover, thrombospondin-2 was confirmed as being expressed at high levels in more advanced gastric cancer by both the GEO and TCGA databases. RNA-sequencing analyses of SGC-790 cells transfected to express thrombospondin-2 further revealed this gene to enhance NF-kB and TNF pathway signaling activity. These results offer insight into gastric cancer-related regulatory networks and suggest thrombospondin-2 to be an important oncogene that drives the progression of this deadly cancer type.

Trachinotus ovatus is a major economically important cultured marine fish in the South China Sea. However, extreme weather and increased culture density result in uncontrollable problems, such as increases in water temperature and a decline in dissolved oxygen (DO), hindering the high-quality development of aquaculture. In this study, liver transcriptional profiles of T. ovatus were investigated under acute high-temperature stress (31 °C and 34 °C) and normal water temperature (27 °C) using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology. Differential expression analysis and STEM analysis showed that 1347 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and four significant profiles (profiles 0, 3, 4, and 7) were screened, respectively. Of these DEGs, some genes involved in heat shock protein (HSPs), hypoxic adaptation, and glycolysis were up-regulated, while some genes involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and fatty acid metabolism were down-regulated. Our results suggest that protein dynamic balance and function, hypoxia adaptation, and energy metabolism transformation are crucial in response to acute high-temperature stress. Our findings contribute to understanding the molecular response mechanism of T. ovatus under acute heat stress, which may provide some reference for studying the molecular mechanisms of other fish in response to heat stress.

Abstract Background Understanding the long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on cognitive function is essential for monitoring the cognitive decline in the elderly population. This study aims to assess the current cognitive status and the longitudinal cognitive decline in elderly patients recovered from COVID-19. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 1539 COVID-19 inpatients aged over 60 years who were discharged from three COVID-19-designated hospitals in Wuhan, China, from February 10 to April 10, 2020. In total, 466 uninfected spouses of COVID-19 patients were selected as controls. The current cognitive status was assessed using a Chinese version of the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status-40 (TICS-40) and the longitudinal cognitive decline was assessed using an Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). Cognitive assessments were performed 6 months after patient discharge. Results Compared with controls, COVID-19 patients had lower TICS-40 scores and higher IQCODE scores [TICS-40 median (IQR): 29 (25 to 32) vs. 30 (26 to 33), p

The Late Pleistocene-Holocene climate fluctuations have greatly influenced the phylogeographic structure and historical dynamics of many marine organisms in the western Pacific marginal seas. Here, we investigated the impact of Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles on the phylogeographic structure and demographic dynamics of Decapterus maruadsi, an economically important fish along the coast of the East China Sea (ECS) and northern South China Sea (NSCS). We obtained 430 concatenated sequences (Cyt b + control region, 1548–1554 bp) of D. maruadsi, including 246 newly sampled from the ECS and 184 previously determined from the NSCS. Genetic structure and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a lack of significant population structure among 16 populations. Moreover, there was no significant differentiation among populations from Chinese coastal waters and northern Vietnam. Neutrality tests, unimodal mismatch distributions, Bayesian skyline plots, and the star-like haplotype networks all indicated a recent demographic expansion for D. maruadsi population during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene, explaining the low genetic diversity in D. maruadsi along the southeast coast of China. Notably, phylogenetic analyses and net genetic distances based on Cyt b jointly confirmed that 57 Cyt b haplotypes identified as D. maruadsi from the previously defined Sundaland-Rosario-Ranong clade actually represented D. russelli. These results not only reveal the complex effects of Pleistocene-Holocene climate fluctuations on the phylogeographic structure and demographic history of D. maruadsi but also provide useful genetic information for the management of genetic resources.

Abstract Background Without targets, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis in all subtypes of breast cancer (BC). Recently, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 m (eIF3m) has been declared to be involved in the malignant progression of various neoplasms. The aim of this study is to explore biological functions of eIF3m in TNBC. Methods Multiple databases, including Oncomine, KM-plotter and so on, were performed to analyze prognosis and function of eIF3m in TNBC. After transfection of eIF3m-shRNA lentivirus, CCK-8, colony formation assay, cell cycle analysis, wound healing assay, transwell assays, mitochondrial membrane potential assay and cell apoptosis analysis were performed to explore the roles of eIF3m in TNBC cell bio-behaviors. In addition, western blotting was conducted to analyze the potential molecular mechanisms of eIF3m. Results In multiple databases, up-regulated eIF3m had lower overall survival, relapse-free survival and post progression survival in BC. EIF3m expression in TNBC was obviously higher than in non-TNBC or normal breast tissues. Its expression in TNBC was positively related to differentiation, lymph node invasion and distant metastasis. After knockdown of eIF3m, cell proliferation, migration, invasion and levels of mitochondrial membrane potential of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436 were all significantly suppressed, while apoptosis rates of them were obviously increased. In addition, eIF3m could regulate cell-cycle, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and apoptosis-related proteins. Combined with public databases and RT-qPCR, 14 genes were identified to be modulated by eIF3m in the development of TNBC. Conclusions eIF3m is an unfavorable indicator of TNBC, and plays a vital role in the process of TNBC tumorigenesis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) becomes a major disease affecting the elderly with high prevalence. However, no disease-modifying therapies are currently available. AD has long been regarded as a disease of brain itself, but recent studies found that systemic disorders are associated with risk for AD. During the period of Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, our team tried to reveal the pathogenesis, targets, amyloid β-protein (Aβ) clearence pathway and drugs from both central and peripheral approaches, and have discovered: 1) the ratio of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in the brain of AD regulates the over?production and clearence of Aβ in sporadic AD. 2) Peripheral Aβ is able to enter brain, forms AD-type pathologies and induces neuronal deficits, revealing the peripheral mechanism of AD. 3) The effectiveness and safety of brain A β clearance by peripheral organs and tissues has been verified. Based on these findings, we proposed a systemic view of AD, to understand pathogenesis and develop novel diagnostic methods and therapies from a systemic approach. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.01.004

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Parkinsonism are common neurodegenerative disorders with continuously increasing prevalence, causing high global burdens. However, data concerning the comorbidity burden of patients with PD or Parkinsonism in China are lacking. To investigate the health condition and comorbidity burden, a total of 3367 PD and 823 Parkinsonism patients were included from seven tertiary hospitals in seven cities across China from 2003 to 2012. Their comorbidity burden was collected and quantified by the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The comorbidity spectra differed between PD and Parkinsonism patients. Compared with PD patients, Parkinsonism patients were older (69.8 ± 11.5 vs. 67.9 ± 11.4, P

Abstract Background Splenic artery embolization (SAE) has been an effective adjunct to the Non-operative management (NOM) for blunt splenic injury (BSI). However, the optimal embolization techniques are still inconclusive. To further understand the roles of different embolization locations and embolic materials in SAE, we conducted this system review and meta-analyses. Methods Clinical studies related to SAE for adult patients were researched in electronic databases, included PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar Search (between October 1991 and March 2013), and relevant information was extracted. To eliminate the heterogeneity, a sensitivity analysis was conducted on two reduced study sets. Then, the pooled outcomes were compared and the quality assessments were performed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The SAE success rate, incidences of life-threatening complications of different embolization techniques were compared by χ 2 test in 1st study set. Associations between different embolization techniques and clinical outcomes were evaluated by fixed-effects model in 2nd study set. Results Twenty-three studies were included in 1st study set. And then, 13 of them were excluded, because lack of the necessary details of SAE. The remaining 10 studies comprised 2nd study set, and quality assessments were performed using NOS. In 1st set, the primary success rate is 90.1% and the incidence of life-threatening complications is 20.4%, though the cases which required surgical intervention are very few (6.4%). For different embolization locations, there was no obvious association between primary success rate and embolization location in both 1st and 2nd study sets (P > 0.05). But in 2nd study set, it indicated that proximal embolization reduced severe complications and complications needed surgical management. As for the embolic materials, the success rate between coil and gelfoam is not significant. However, coil is associated with a lower risk of life-threatening complications, as well as less complications requiring surgical management. Conclusions Different embolization techniques affect the clinical outcomes of SAE. The proximal embolization is the best option due to the less life-threatening complications. For commonly embolic material, coil is superior to gelfoam for fewer severe complications and less further surgery management.

A plantation of 5-year-old poplar Populus × euramericana cv. 'Neva' was used to study the regulatory effects of root pruning on nutrients, photosynthetic characteristics, and water-use efficiency (WUE) of leaves and growth rates of diameter at breast height (DBH; 1.3 m), tree height, and volume. Six root-pruning treatments were conducted with different combinations of intensity (at a distance of six, eight or ten times DBH from the trunk) and orientation (on two or four sides of the trees). Results showed that the N, P, K, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance of leaves were all significantly decreased by root pruning over the initial period following root pruning (30 days), but increased in the subsequent investigations. The values of the above indexes peaked in 8-2 treatment (i.e., eight times DBH distance on two sides). The leaf WUE in 8-2 treatment, and average growth rates of DBH, tree height and volume, were the highest among all treatments within 3 years of root pruning. The results indicated that the root pruning based on the appropriate selection of intensity and orientation had significant positive effects on leaf nutrients, photosynthesis, and growth of trees in a closed-canopy poplar plantation.

Isoprenoids are a functionally and structurally diverse class of natural organic chemicals. The universal precursors of all isoprenoids, isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate are synthesized through the mevalonate and 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathways, respectively. Many isoprenoids produced through the MEP pathway play an important role in plant acclimation to different light environments. Eupatorium adenophorum, an invasive weed in China, presents a remarkable capacity to acclimate to various light environments, which constitutes its solid foundation of being a successful invasive species. Thus we aimed at gaining a deeper insight into the regulation of MEP pathway in E. adenophorum to further understand the invasive mechanism. 2C-Methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase (IspF or MCS) is an essential enzyme in the MEP pathway. In this paper, a novel IspF gene was cloned and characterized from E. adenophorum. Tissue-specific expression assays revealed a higher expression of EaIspF1 in leaves than in stems and roots. The expression of EaIspF1 was responsive to different light conditions. Some up-regulation of EaIspF1 expression was also found after the treatments with signal compounds and after wounding stress. Interestingly, the over-expression of EaIspF1 in Arabidopsis led to increase carotenoids contents, resulting in an enhanced tolerance to high light. Taken together, these results indicate that the EaIspF1-derived enzyme participates in isoprenoid metabolism and among others, the expression of this gene in E. adenophorum is involved in the regulation of plastidial isoprenoids, which play an important role in acclimation to various light environments.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of band-rumped Storm-petrel, Hydrobates castro, was determined through sequencing of PCR fragments. The complete mitochondrial genome of H. castro was 17,065 bp in length and encoded 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The overall nucleotide composition is: 30.4% A, 24.5% T, 30.9% C, and 14.2% G, with a total G + C content of 45.1%. By phylogenetic analysis using Bayes method, H. castro showed the closest relationship with the white-faced storm petrel (Pelagodroma marina).

There is a heated debate on whether the prognostic value of NME1 is favorable or unfavorable. Thus, we carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between NME1 expression and the prognosis of patients with digestive system neoplasms.We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science for relevant articles. The pooled odd ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95%CI were calculated to evaluate the prognostic value of NME1 expression in patients with digestive system neoplasms, and the association between NME1 expression and clinicopathological factors. We also performed subgroup analyses to find out the source of heterogeneity.2904 patients were pooled from 28 available studies in total. Neither the incorporative OR combined by 17 studies with overall survival (OR = 0.65, 95%CI:0.41-1.03, P = 0.07) nor the pooled OR with disease-free survival (OR = 0.75, 95%CI:0.17-3.36, P = 0.71) in statistics showed any significance. Although we couldn't find any significance in TNM stage (OR = 0.78, 95%CI:0.44-1.36, P = 0.38), elevated NME1 expression was related to well tumor differentiation (OR = 0.59, 95%CI:0.47-0.73, P

Sequence stratigraphy is used for analytical comparison and paleogeographic reconstruction of lithologic sections in Paleogene Kumugeliemu Group in western Kuqa Depression under the framework of sequence and systems tract to establish the reservoir-caprock assemblage and allocation system and to predict the distribution of favorable reservoir sandstones. Two sets of coarse fragment sands are developed in the 3rd order sequences Esq1 lowstand systems tract and Esq2 lowstand to transgressive systems tract. The widely distributed salt and gypsum muddy section of Esq1 and Esq2 has good sealing and forms good reservoir-caprock assemblage with the two reservoirs in the bottom sand section of Kumugeliemu Group. According to the reservoir sandbody distribution, the forwarding fluvial system at mountain front to the north, fan delta at east flank of Wensu uplift to the west, and the downcut valley filling and fluvial delta system at Yingmai low paleo-uplift to the south form favorable reservoir sandbodies. Kelasu-Dabei zone on north margin of the depression, Qiulitage-Quele and its southward parts, and northern and eastern Wensu uplift are the favorable places. Key words: sequence and systems tract, depositional system, reservoir-caprock assemblage, Kumugeliemu Group, Kuqa Depression

Residue levels of dimethoate and its oxon metabolite (omethoate) during tea planting, manufacturing, and brewing were investigated using a modified QuEChERS sample preparation and gas chromatography. Dissipation of dimethoate and its metabolite in tea plantation followed the first-order kinetic with a half-life of 1.08-1.27 d. Tea manufacturing has positive effects on dimethoate dissipation. Processing factors of dimethoate are in the range of 2.11-2.41 and 1.41-1.70 during green tea and black tea manufacturing, respectively. Omethoate underwent generation as well as dissipation during tea manufacturing. Sum of dimethoate and omethoate led to a large portion of 80.5-84.9% transferring into tea infusion. Results of safety evaluation indicated that omethoate could bring higher human health risk than dimethoate due to its higher hazard quotient by drinking tea. These results would provide information for the establishment of maximum residue limit and instruction for the application of dimethoate formulation on tea crop.

The title compound, [Cu2(C14H8O4)2(C10H8N2)2], is a centrosymmetric binuclear copper(II) complex, with a Cu...Cu separation of 6.136 (16) Å. The Cu atom displays a cis-CuN2O2 square-planar geometry, although two long (> 2.43 Å) Cu...O contacts complete a distorted cis-CuN2O4 octahedron. Extensive C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into a three-dimensional network.

In the title compound, C38H26O4, two cinnamoyloxy groups are linked in a trans fashion to the two O atoms of optically active (R)-1,10-bi-2-naphthol. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two naphthyl groups is 71.8 (1)°. The crystal structure contains intermolecular C—H...O and C—H...π interactions.