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We examined the impact of varying ageing times (0, 6, 12, and 15 months) on the alterations in the concentration of key volatile compounds in Cheddar cheese as it ripened. With PCA of E-nose and PLS-DA of gas GC–MS and GC-IMS, the cheddar cheese samples could be identified from one another. As the cheese samples ripened longer, their overall acid, ester, and aldehyde concentrations increased. The important flavor biomarkers of ripened Cheddar cheese were 1-hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, octanal, decanal, 1-pentanol, butanoic acid ethyl ester, (E)-2-octenal, nonanoic acid, hexanal, dimethyltrisulfide, (E)-2-undecenal, and 1-heptanol, according to chemometric methods. The cheese samples that were ripened for 0 and 6 months showed a considerable contribution of the milky flavor. There was a strong negative association between the milky flavor and acetic acid. The aged Cheddar cheese exhibited distinct nutty, sour, and fruity flavors after 12 and 15 months. The fruity flavor was highly positively correlated with hexanal, octanal, and 2-heptanone, butanoic acid, ethyl ester, and acetic acid. The sour and nutty flavors were also strongly positively correlated with acids, while the sour and nutty flavors were positively influenced by ethyl hexanoate and benzaldehyde. This study provides data on the composition and variations in the flavor profile of ripening cheddar cheese.

This study conducts a series of undrained cyclic shear tests on saturated coral sand with different initial relative densities ([D.sub.r]) subjected to a 90[degrees] jump rotation of the principal stress with various initial orientations. Considering liquefiable coral sand as a fluid, an important finding is that the variation in the apparent viscosity with the number of cycles is significantly affected by [D.sub.r], the effective mean principal stress ([p'.sub.0]), cyclic stress ratio, cyclic loading path, and cyclic loading frequency. The average flow coefficient ([kappa]) is introduced to describe the fluidity of saturated coral sand under cyclic loading by considering the variation in the shape of the stress-strain rate curve. A positive exponential correlation is observed between [kappa] and the excess pore water pressure (EPWP) ratio ([r.sub.u]) under the given cyclic loading modes. Another significant finding is that the solid-liquid phase change time is the turning point of the apparent viscosity and the average flow coefficient gradients with [r.sub.u]. The inversion point's EPWP ratio is approximately 0.9, defined as the EPWP ratio during the solid-liquid phase transformation ([r.sub.uth]). The [r.sub.uth] value is not affected by cyclic loading mode, [p'.sub.0], and [D.sub.r]. Key words: solid-liquid phase transformation, apparent viscosity, average flow coefficient, excess pore water pressure ratio of phase change, 90[degrees] jump rotation of principal stress, 1. Introduction Generally, liquefaction refers to the phenomenon where the solid and liquid states of soil are similar. Seed and Lee (1966) proposed the concept of 'initial liquefaction' based on [...]

Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) is usually associated with paraneoplastic syndrome caused by functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET). Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of NET-related NME is challenging due to its rarity and lack of typical clinical symptoms and specific pathological manifestations. Here we report a rare case of PNET with NME as the initial manifestation. 68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/MR was used to detect the primary pancreatic and metastatic liver tumors. Finally, the patient was diagnosed as PNET via liver biopsy. After four cycles of standard capecitabine plus temozolomide chemotherapy combined with long-acting octreotide, the patient’s skin lesions on both lower extremities improved only slightly, while tumors remained stable and unchanged in size. Then the patient was treated with surufatinib. Two months later, the skin lesions healed completely, and tumors responded significantly. This rare case suggests that surufatinib may be a promising therapy for patients with PNET-associated NME.

This study focuses on the application of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in conducting field surveys and data processing at the northern campus of Jilin Jianzhu University. The research site’s geographical location and overall conditions are described. A detailed layout of the survey lines for 3D surveys is presented. The collected data undergo basic processing and interpretation, identifying multiple target bodies and their associated electromagnetic responses. Advanced analyses such as 3D imaging, common attribute analysis, and time-varying centroid frequency attribute analysis are employed to investigate underground features and potential pipe networks. The case study in this research demonstrates that the integration of 3D GPR surveys and time-varying centroid frequency analysis can effectively assess the attenuation characteristics of subsurface media and structures, thereby enhancing the overall prospecting and data interpretation capabilities of GPR.

Abstract Purpose To verify whether radiomics techniques based on dual-modality ultrasound consisting of B-mode and superb microvascular imaging (SMI) can improve the accuracy of the differentiation between gallbladder neoplastic polyps and cholesterol polyps. Methods A total of 100 patients with 100 pathologically proven gallbladder polypoid lesions were enrolled in this retrospective study. Radiomics features on B-mode ultrasound and SMI of each lesion were extracted. Support vector machine was used to classify adenomas and cholesterol polyps of gallbladder for B-mode, SMI and dual-modality ultrasound, respectively, and the classification results were compared among the three groups. Results Six, eight and nine features were extracted for each lesion at B-mode ultrasound, SMI and dual-modality ultrasound, respectively. In dual-modality ultrasound model, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Youden’s index were 0.850 ± 0.090, 0.828 ± 0.097, 0.892 ± 0.144, 0.803 ± 0.149 and 0.695 ± 0.157, respectively. The AUC and Youden’s index of the dual-modality model were higher than those of the B-mode model (p

Abstract Background To investigate the influence of small voxel Bayesian penalized likelihood (SVB) reconstruction on small lesion detection compared to ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstruction using a clinical trials network (CTN) chest phantom and the patients with 18F-FDG-avid small lung tumors, and determine the optimal penalty factor for the lesion depiction and quantification. Methods The CTN phantom was filled with 18F solution with a sphere-to-background ratio of 3.81:1. Twenty-four patients with 18F-FDG-avid lung lesions (diameter

Paraptosis is a non‐apoptotic and caspase‐independent programmed cell death that can trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells, representing a potent tactic to overcome immune tolerance to apoptosis. Here, this study demonstrates the construction of a dual‐responsive nanoreactor (MCGDH) to achieve paraptosis‐mediated ICD for chemo‐immunotherapy. Specifically, by doping Cu2+ into glutathione (GSH)‐responsive dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles, the platform (CGDMSN) is endowed with partial acid‐sensitivity. After loaded with 8‐hydroxyquinoline (8‐HQ), cell membrane fragments are coated onto the ammoniated CGDMSN surface to construct MCGDH. Upon internalization by tumor cells, the release of Cu2+ and 8‐HQ from MCGDH in response to the acidic pH and high concentration of GSH in the tumor microenvironment stimulates in situ generation of Cu(8‐HQ)2, inducing tumor cells paraptosis at a low copper dose. Moreover, MCGDH‐mediated paraptosis amplifies the immunogenicity of tumor cells, facilitating antigen presentation to dendritic cells and activating CD8+/CD4+ T cells immune responses. Furthermore, the combination of MCGDH and anti‐PD‐1 antibodies (αPD‐1) promotes the systemic anti‐tumor immune responses and long‐term immunological effect to vastly inhibit the primary/distant tumor growth and prevent tumor metastasis. This GSH/pH dual‐responsive nanoreactor serves as a selective platform for accelerating the development of chemo‐immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate prediction of excess pore water pressure (EPWP) generation in saturated sandy soils remains one of the most challenging issues in sandy site responses to strong earthquakes and extreme marine environments. This paper presents experimental results of undrained and drained multidirectional cyclic hollow cylinder (MCHC) tests on saturated coral sandy soils under various cyclic loadings. The results show that threshold generalized shear strain γga,th , below which EPWP and volumetric strain can be neglected, is an inherent property depending only on the soil type and initial state. Furthermore, there exists a virtually unique form of relationships between the generalized shear strain amplitude (γga) and the cumulative dissipated energy per unit volume of soil (Wc) at different relative density (Dr), irrespective of drainage conditions and cyclic loading conditions. These findings highlight the fundamental mechanism for cyclic deformation behavior and the uniqueness of correlations among rup (peak EPWP ratio), εvp (peak volumetric strain), and γga of saturated sandy soil at the similar Dr , regardless of cyclic loading conditions. Based on these findings, a novel unified model of γga -based cyclic shear–volume coupling and EPWP generation is established, which is independent of cyclic loading conditions over a wide loading frequency range. Then the applicability of the proposed model is validated by the experimental data of the same tested coral sandy soil and siliceous Ottawa sand, as well as the data of siliceous fine sands in previous work. It is found that the proposed model surpasses the existing strain- and stress-based models in accurately predicting EPWP generation under complex cyclic loadings, which can offer new insights into the mechanisms of the EPWP generation in saturated sandy soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]