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Layered manganese transition metal oxides, such as NaMnO2, have attracted great interest due to the low cost and high capacity. However, complex phase transitions in NaMnO2 lead to poor cycling stability. The introduction of Li doping has been confirmed to improve the performance of NaMnO2. O3-type NaLi1/3Mn2/3O2 (NLMO), synthesized in 2021, has demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance. Notably, irreversible Li interlayer migration (Li migrates from the transition metal layer to the alkali metal layer) has been observed during cycling, which is related to the electrochemical performance. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanism underlying Li interlayer migration in O3-NLMO. However, the environment of Li interlayer migration on cycling is complex and involves interlayer spacing, Na-ion concentration, the degree of O-ion oxidation, and phase transition. Here, in this work, we utilized the first-principles method to decouple the coupling factors influencing the Li interlayer migration. Through analyzing the impact of the single-factor on Li interlayer migration, we aim to identify the crucial factors affecting this process. Our results show that a decrease in Na-ion concentration and an increase in O-ion oxidation degree promote the Li interlayer migration, while the O–P phase transition suppresses the Li interlayer migration. Interlayer spacing was found to play a less influential role in Li interlayer migration. Our investigations provide effective strategies for the subsequent regulation of Li interlayer migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a deepened understanding of the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of thoracic malignancies, the treatment has been transited from traditional treatment on the basis of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy to individualized and precise targeted therapy and immunotherapy. As an antitumor immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor gene-modified T (CAR-T) cells have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of hematological malignancies in five CAR-T products. They have also achieved good therapeutic effects in solid tumors. However, significant challenges remain in the clinical application of CAR-T cell immunotherapy in thoracic malignancies. In this review, the latest research progress of CAR-T cell immunotherapy in the treatment of thoracic malignancies were summarized, including the basic characteristics of CAR-T cells, the popular target antigens, and the existing problems and challenges, to provide new ideas and strategies for clinical immunotherapy of thoracic malignancies.

Ti3C2Tx MXene/CuxO composites were prepared by acid etching combined with electrochemical technique. The abundant active sites on the surface of MXene greatly increase the loading of CuxO nanoparticles, and the synergistic effect between the different components of the composite can accelerate the oxidation reaction of glucose. The results indicate that at the working potential of 0.55 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), the glucose sensor based on Ti3C2Tx MXene/CuxO composite presents large linear concentration ranges from 1 µM to 4.655 mM (sensitivity of 361 µA mM−1 cm−2) and from 5.155 mM to 16.155 mM (sensitivity of 133 µA mM−1 cm−2). The limit of detection is 0.065 µM. In addition, the sensor effectively avoids the oxidative interference of common interfering species such as ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid. The sensor has good reproducibility, stability and acceptable recoveries for the detection of glucose in human sweat sample (97.5-103.3%) with RSD values less than 4%. Based on these excellent properties it has great potential for the detection of glucose in real samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyroglutamate (pE)‐modified amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides play a crucial role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. pEAβ3‐42 can rapidly form oligomers that gradually elongate hydrophobic segments to form β‐sheet‐rich amyloid intermediates, ultimately resulting in the formation of mature amyloid fibrils. pEAβ3‐42 can also catalyze the aggregation of Aβ species and subsequently accelerate the formation of amyloid senile plaques. Considering the recent clinical success of the pEAβ3‐42‐targeting antibody donanemab, molecules that strongly bind pEAβ3‐42 and prevent its aggregation and catalytic effect on Aβs may also provide potential therapeutic options for Alzheimer's disease. Here, we demonstrate that the natural antibiotic cyclopeptide tyrocidine A (TA) not only strongly inhibits the aggregation of Aβ1‐42 as previously reported, but also interacts with the hydrophobic C‐terminus and middle domain of pEAβ3‐42 to maintain an unordered conformation, effectively impeding the formation of initial oligomers and subsequently halting the aggregation of pEAβ3‐42. Furthermore, TA can disrupt the "catalytic effect" of pEAβ3‐42 on amyloid aggregates, effectively suppressing Aβ aggregation and ultimately preventing the pathological events induced by Aβs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of Ni–Co-based layered transition oxide LiNixCo1−xO2 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9) (LNCO) have been investigated using the first-principles method. The results show that the effect of Ni/Co mixing on the structural property is slight. For the case of the mechanical property, the elastic constant, elastic modulus, such as Young's modulus (Y), Poisson's ratio (v), Pugh's ratio (B/G), and Cauchy pressure (C′) of LNCO have been carefully analyzed based on the strain-energy method. The results demonstrate that the mechanical strength of LNCO materials is weaker than that of pure LiCoO2 (LCO) and LiNiO2 (LNO). However, the B/G ratio and Poisson's ratio of LNCO are greater than that of the pure LCO and LNO, which means that Ni/Co mixing can improve the ductility of pure LCO and LNO. In addition, Cauchy pressure and anisotropy are also discussed, and as cathode materials, LNCO still exhibits good electrical conductivity. Our results provide a feasible way to realize mechanical property modulation by Ni–Co-based layered transition metal oxides LCO. Furthermore, our study is also helpful to reveal the formation mechanism of intra-lattice microcracks in electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]