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Abstract Coral reconstruction often serves as a major proxy of high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) variability beyond the instrumental era. However, coral reconstructions are sparse and are usually studied for interannual variability, with few studies on the monthly features. In this study, we reconstruct the monthly SST spatial field by applying the paleoclimate data assimilation method to the coral records of the latest CoralHydro2k data set for the instrument period of 1880–2000. A comparison with observed SST variability shows that our assimilated tropical SST variability performs reasonably well for the seasonal cycle and monthly ENSO characteristics, notably the phase-locking and onset timing, and more realistic spatial fields relative to the model simulations. This study suggests the feasibility of applying paleoclimate data assimilation to reconstruct the monthly SST in the historical period.

Abstract Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has significantly advanced in treating B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and has shown efficacy in managing relapsed B-ALL after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Donor-derived CAR-T cell offer both high efficacy and rapid response. Although promising results exist, current research lacks definitive evidence of long-term survival benefits for patients treated with donor-derived CAR-T therapy. We report the long-term survival of 32 patients with post-transplant relapsed B-ALL treated with donor-derived CD19 CAR-T cell, achieving either complete Remission (CR) or CR with incomplete peripheral blood recovery (CRi). The median follow-up was 42 months, with 2-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates of 56.25% and 50.0%, respectively. The 5-year OS and EFS rates were 53.13% and 46.88%, with no new long-term adverse events observed. These findings demonstrate good long-term safety, supporting donor-derived CAR-T cell as a recommended treatment option for relapsed B-ALL patients post-transplantation. Trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=14315 . Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-16008447.

Abstract Background The comorbidity of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant global public health issue. This study aims to explore the recurrence risk and related factors of active pulmonary TB, specifically focusing on the impact of DM. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, Eastern China by recruiting 12,509 individuals with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB between 2011 and 2019. The Cox proportional hazards models were performed to identify risk factors of recurrence and assess the association between DM and recurrence. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the strength of the association. Results After a median follow-up period of 5.46 years, we observed 439 recurrent cases (incident recurrence rate: 6.62 per 1000 person-years). Males (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.03–1.64), patients aged ≥ 60 years (HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.15–1.70), DM (HR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.68–3.45), and etiologic positivity in the initial episode (HR: 2.42, 95% CI: 2.00-2.92) had a significantly increased risk of recurrence. Conclusions Recurrence of pulmonary TB patients who have completed treatment, especially those who also suffer from DM, should be a concern. Enhanced follow-up and targeted surveillance of these high-risk groups are needed.

Background The comprehensive management of heart failure in conjunction with frailty necessitates a multidimensional approach to frailty assessment. However, the social frailty, despite being an incremental predictor of negative health outcomes in heart failure patients, has not been adequately addressed. Objective To understand the current status of social frailty in patients with chronic heart failure and analyze its influencing factors. Methods From September 2022 to July 2023, convenience sampling was used to select patients with chronic heart failure from the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University as the research objects, the general information questionnaire, the HALFT Scale, the Loneliness Scale, the Brief 2-Way Social Support Scale, Personal Mastery Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire were used to investigate. Univariate analysis and support vector machine-feature recursive elimination were used to filter the feature, SVM classification model was constructed, and SHAP value was introduced to analyze the influencing factors. Results A total of 228 patients were screened in this study, of which 8 patients refused to fill in. A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed and 213 valid questionnaires were returned, with an effective recovery rate of 96.81%. The proportion of pre-social frailty and social frailty in patients with chronic heart failure was 46.0% (98/213) and 17.8% (38/213), respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed among chronic heart failure patients with different degrees of social frailty in terms of education level, place of residence, working status, economic burden of disease, personal monthly income, course of disease, exercise habits, medical satisfaction, traffic, the UCLA Loneliness Scale score, the Brief 2-Way Social Support Scale score, the PMS score, and the PHQ-9 score. When the SVM-RFE model play the best performance, the optimal feature subset was used to construct the SVM classification prediction model and perform SHAP interpretability analysis. The accuracy of the model was 0.73 in the training set and 0.63 in the test set, respectively. At this time, the ranking of feature importance from high to low was no exercise habit (+), personal mastery (-), heavy economic burden of disease (+), 2-way social support (-), depression (+), loneliness (+), unemployment (+) . Conclusion Patients with chronic heart failure experiencing severe social frailty. Healthcare providers should prioritize identifying and addressing the resource deficits of patients and the underlying factors contributing to social frailty. Targeted interventions should be implemented to mitigate social frailty in patients with heart failure by enhancing external support systems, fostering positive beliefs, addressing negative emotional experiences, developing comprehensive management plans, coordinating medical resources, and implementing strategies to delay or reverse social frailty progression. These interventions aim to enhance the prognosis and quality of life for patients with heart failure.

Abstract The coherent continental-wide speleothem water isotope records are accompanied by regionally inconsistent moisture patterns within the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) region, leaving a disputed explanation of monsoonal hydroclimate variability at the orbital timescale. Here, the transient simulation forced by orbital parameters during the past 300,000 years in an isotope-enabled fully coupled model shows that the complex ASM response can be understood as a grand dipole pattern of oxygen isotope and rainfall between South Asia and Japan, with South China lying in a hybrid transition region. While the dipole monsoon rainfall change between South Asia and Japan is related to the large-scale circulation adjustment in response to Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, the dipole oxygen isotope pattern is associated with the changing contribution of moisture sources. Our results provide new clues to reconcile ASM hydroclimate patterns at orbital timescale as revealed by the water isotope records and other hydrological proxies.

Abstract Upwelling-induced productivity in the Arabian Sea infers an out-of-phase relation between the Indian summer monsoon and Northern Hemisphere summer insolation at the precession band but an in-phase relation at the obliquity band. These records contrast speleothem oxygen records showing an in-phase relation between the monsoon and summer insolation in two bands, leaving the driving mechanism for the Indian summer monsoon still unknown. Here we use an isotope-enabled Community Earth System Model, showing that the Indian summer monsoon rainfall and water isotopes respond directly to Northern Hemisphere summer insolation in two bands. This contrasts with the Arabian Sea upwelling which is weakened at precessional minimum but strengthened at obliquity maximum by a stronger northward shift of the monsoon wind due to the stronger summer insolation at precessional minimum compared with obliquity maximum. This paper resolves the longstanding question, supporting the Northern Hemisphere-driving mechanism for the Indian summer monsoon at orbital timescale.

Objective: This study aimed to develop novel soybean protein isolate （SPI）-based emulsifiers. Methods: The structure of SPI was modified by limited enzymolysis combined with glycosylation and the effects of this synergistic modification on the emulsification characteristics of SPI was studied. Results: Among the different components obtained from the SPI hydrolysate （SPIH）, the high molecular mass component （F30） exhibited the best emulsifying property. The emulsifying stability of F30-dextran conjugates obtained for 4 h was the best. Compared with SPI, SPIH and F30, the F30-dextran conjugates stabilized emulsions showed the lowest initial average particle size and the best storage stability. When the pH was close to the isoelectric point of SPI or the system was at a high salt concentration, all emulsions were unstable to cause aggregation. Compared with SPI, both SPIH and F30 stabilized emulsions had a higher aggregation degree. However, F30-dextran conjugates provided additional steric hindrance and hydrophilicity due to covalently bound dextran, which exhibited a higher resistance under adverse environmental conditions. Conclusion: Limited enzymolysis combined with glycosylation is a potential and reliable way to develop SPI-based emulsifying ingredients.

Abstract The meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the ocean is a key player in the global climate system, while continental topography provides an essential backdrop to the system. In this study, we design a series of coupled model sensitivity experiments to investigate the influence of various mountain ranges on the global thermohaline circulation. The results highlight the influence of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the global thermohaline circulation. It emerges as a requisite for establishing the Atlantic MOC (AMOC) and a determining factor for the cessation of the Pacific MOC (PMOC). Additionally, the Antarctic continent plays a vital role in facilitating the TP to form the AMOC. While the formation of the AMOC cannot be attributed to any single mountain range, the TP alone can inhibit the PMOC’s development. By modifying the global hydrological cycle, the TP is likely to have been crucial in molding the global thermohaline circulation.

AbstractPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) holds promise as a therapeutic modality for wound healing; however, immediate utilization encounters challenges related to volume, concentration, and consistency. Cryopreservation emerges as a viable solution, preserving PRP’s bioactive components and extending its shelf life. This study explores the practicality and efficacy of cryopreserved platelet-rich plasma (cPRP) in wound healing, scrutinizing both cellular mechanisms and clinical implications. Fresh PRP and cPRP post freeze-thaw underwent assessment in macrophage, fibroblast, and endothelial cell cultures. The impact of cPRP on active component release and cell behavior pertinent to wound healing was evaluated. Varied concentrations of cPRP (1%, 5%, 10%) were examined for their influence on cell polarization, migration, and proliferation. The results showed minimal changes in cPRP’s IL-1β levels, a slight decrease in PDGF-BB, and superior effects on macrophage M2 polarization and fibroblast migration, while no statistical significance was observed in endothelial cell angiogenesis and proliferation. Remarkably, 5% PRP exhibited the most significant stimulation among all cPRP concentrations, notably impacting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and migration. The discussion underscores that cPRP maintains platelet phenotype and function over extended periods, with 5% cPRP offering the most favorable outcomes, providing a pragmatic approach for cold storage to extend post-thaw viability and amplify therapeutic effects.

Aspergillus flavus A5P1 was used as raw material to prepare biosorbent A5P1acid by hydrochloric acid modification，which was used to adsorb acid blue 25（AB25） dyes. Batch experiments were used to explore different influencing factors. The results showed that the optimum amount of adsorbent and pH for dye adsorption was 0.5 g/L and 2，and the adsorption reached equilibrium in 60 min. Compared with unmodified adsorbents，the adsorption capacity of acid modified adsorbents increased from 137 mg/g to 182 mg/g，and the dye removal rate increased to 32%. The thermodynamics，kinetics and adsorption isotherm of AB25 removed by A5P1acid adsorption were studied. The adsorption process met the quasi-second-order kinetic model，and the adsorption rate was controlled by chemical adsorption. Moreover， it met the Freundlich adsorption isotherm，and the adsorption belonged to multi-layer heterogeneous adsorption. The thermodynamic results showed that it was an endothermic spontaneous adsorption process. The results of Zeta potential and FTIR showed that the adsorption was assigned to the electrostatic adsorption and hydrogen bonding of various functional groups. The adsorbent still retained 50.6% of the initial adsorption capacity after cyclic adsorption-desorption for 7 times. The experimental results showed that A5P1acid was a green and effective biological adsorbent material which could be used to remove anionic dyes.

Surface topography filtering is a commonly used technique in various fields, and over the years, a variety of filters have been included in international standards. However, traditional filtering methods continue to suffer from significant fitting errors in the separation of surface topography (form, waviness and roughness). To address these issues, this study proposes a new filter algorithm based on an improved VMD method that incorporates some VME algorithm ideas. The proposed filter analyzes surface topography through three pivotal steps: Firstly, it derives the optimal robust weighting function. Secondly, it integrates the weighting function into the isotropic residual constraint VMD to decompose the surface into several isotropic modes (sub-surfaces). Ultimately, it quantitatively computes and combines the sub-surfaces to reconstruct the topography of each surface. Numerical simulation experiments illustrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms advanced surface filters, significantly reducing fitting errors of surface topography separation including areal-VMD-based filters. Finally, two grinding workpieces are analyzed using the proposed algorithm to demonstrate its effectiveness in evaluating machined surfaces, revealing the analytical process and presenting the results.

A high-efficiency laser coherent combination method based on the virtue of the self-transverse acceleration effect of Airy beams is proposed and demonstrated by converting an array of Gaussian beams into Airy beams array to reduce laser beams separation distance. The coherent combination procedures of circular array for both Airy and Gaussian beams are theoretically and experimentally studied. The results show that the central intensity of the laser coherent combination of the circular array of Airy beams is 14.33 times higher than that of the Gaussian beams array, and the combined efficiency of the circular array of Airy beams is 1.64 times higher than that of the Gaussian beams circular array. The method may provide an efficient way to increase combination efficiency of laser coherent combination array and may have a broad application prospect in optical communication, particle capture, material processing.