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Background As a common malignant tumor, prostate cancer (PCa) poses a significant threat to the well-being of men worldwide. The prognosis of PCa is intricately linked to the grade and stage of the tumor at the time of initial detection. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a key biomarker for evaluating prostate health, yet lacks specificity for prostate cancer tumors. Elevated PSA levels can also be caused by benign prostate diseases. And the indiscriminate use of biopsy resulting in overdiagnosis. Hence, the development of a prostate cancer risk prediction model based on pre-biopsy clinical indicators in patients can serve as a valuable tool for early screening of individuals with suspicious findings warranting biopsy. Objective To examine the individual risk factors associated with positive prostate biopsy outcomes and develop a risk assessment model for predicting positive biopsy results in PCa screening. Methods A total of 1 138 patients who underwent prostate biopsy in the Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2011 to June 2023 were gathered and organized. Following the exclusion of 351 cases with inadequate clinical data, the remaining 787 cases were randomly allocated into a training set and validation set in a 7∶3 ratio by R software. Patient demographics and routine biochemical test results prior to biopsy were compiled, with PCa diagnosis determined based on the outcomes of the biopsy. LASSO regression analysis in the R software was utilized to identify independent risk factors associated with the development of PCa based on biochemical indicators. Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression analysis in SPSS software was employed to construct an early screening and predictive model for PCa, with a Nomogram being generated. The model was validated according to the data of training set and validation set. Results The study utilized LASSO regression analysis to identify 6 independent risk factors associated with positive prostate biopsy results, including age, total PSA (tPSA), alkaline phosphatase, serum protein level, Ca2+, and urea. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals aged 60 years or older (OR=3.769, 95%CI=2.393-5.937), with tPSA levels of 10 μg/L or higher (OR=2.259, 95%CI=1.419-3.596), and alkaline phosphatase levels exceeding 45 U/L (45-

In this study, we evaluated the cis/trans-lycopene content in commercial ketchup, and investigated the effect of cooking of fermented tomato sour soup added with one of seven oils including peanut oil (PO), sesame oil (SO), corn oil (CO), tung seed oil (TSO), olive oil (OO), Litsea cubeba oil (LCO), and mustard oil (MO) on lycopene isomerization. The results showed significant differences in the contents of total lycopene and cis-lycopene among six brands of ketchup (P < 0.05), with cis-lycopene accounting for only 20.84%-24.56% of the total lycopene. The contents of total lycopene and cis-lycopene were significantly different among the seven cooked fermented tomato sour soup samples (P < 0.05), and their proportions of cis-isomers (51.40%-78.23%) were 1.2-1.9 times higher than that of the blank group and 2.09-3.75 times higher than those of the six brands of ketchup. Specifically, the sample with added MO had the highest proportion of cis-lycopene (78.23%), followed by those with SO and PO (75.34% and 71.65%, respectively). The total lycopene and cis-lycopene contents of the sample with added PO were 6.6 and 11.4 times higher than those of the blank control group, respectively, indicating that the former has great market potential. Therefore, the results of this study could provide a scientific basis for the further processing of fermented tomato sour soup for high-value functional products.

Background Oxidative stress and energy metabolism are important factors that affect sperm quality in male individuals. However, the majority of available studies are based on animal models, and evidence from human studies is still inadequate. Besides, most previous studies have paid more attention to the effects of oxidative stress and energy metabolism on sperm concentration and motility, with a little focus on their impact on sperm motility velocity and trajectory and other specific objective indicators evaluating the state of male infertility. Objective To investigate the effects of biological indicators related to oxidative stress and energy metabolism on sperm concentration, motility, movement velocity and trajectory in male adults, thus to provide epidemiological evidence for precise intervention of male reproductive health problems. Methods One hundred and nine volunteers were recruited as subjects from the Center of Reproductive Medicine in Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University from June to December 2021. Their semen samples were collected. The computer-assisted sperm analysis system was applied to detect sperm concentration parameters (sperm concentration, linear motion sperm concentration), sperm motility〔total sperm motility, progressive motility (PR), non-progressive motility (NP) 〕, sperm motility velocity parameters〔curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP) 〕 and sperm motility trajectory parameters 〔mean amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), mean beat-cross frequency (BCF), mean angular displacement (MAD), linearity coefficient (LIN), wobble coefficient (WOB), straightness coefficient (STR) 〕. Besides that, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in semen samples were measured as oxidative stress markers, and the level of sperm adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was measured to assess the level of energy metabolism. General linear model (GLM) was used to evaluate the correlation of MDA and GSH and ATP with sperm quality parameters. Results A total of 67 sperm samples were used to examine oxidative stress level, and 42 sperm samples were employed to assess the level of energy metabolism. The analysis using the GLM demonstrated that in terms of oxidative stress level, MDA level was negatively correlated with linear motion sperm concentration, total sperm motility, PR, NP, VCL, VSL, VAP, ALH, BCF, MAD, LIN, WOB, and STR (P

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) is a kind of adoptive cell immunotherapy, in which T cells are genetically modified to exert targeted killing effect on tumors. CAR-T cell therapy has shown remarkable antitumor efficacy for the treatment of tumors, especially for hematological malignancies, but is less effective in solid tumors. Single-target CAR-T is prone to off-target effect during application, and there is a risk of relapse or more refractory treatment. The development of double-target or multi-target CAR-T is expected to extend the antigen coverage of target cells, effectively avoids antigen escape and prevents tumor recurrence, and prolongs the survival time of patients. This article reviews the advances of multi-target chimeric antigen receptor T cell, and discusses the prospect of its development.

Red sour soup is a Guizhou specialty condiment made by the natural fermentation of tomatoes and chili. In this study, three components (tomato acid, chili acid, and tomato and chili mixed acid) of split‐fermented red sour soup were explored to compare the quality characteristics and microbial communities in the middle and late fermentation stages. The titratable acidity of mixed acids was lower than that of tomato acid and chili acid in the middle stage, but it was significantly increased in the late stage. The cell viability of lactic acid bacteria was mostly higher than that of yeasts during the whole fermentation. Also significantly increased in the late stage of fermentation were sensory scores and the signal intensity of sour substances. However, the signal intensity of both bitter and salty substances decreased, and the total amount of free amino acids was reduced. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of the samples and the dominant microorganisms were different between the two fermentation stages, Lactobacillus and Kazachstania were the key common genus of the different components of split‐fermented red sour soup. It is anticipated that this study would provide us an insight into the quality characteristics and microbial communities of split‐fermented red sour soup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroendocrine transdifferentiation (NEtD), also commonly referred to as lineage plasticity, emerges as an acquired resistance mechanism to molecular targeted therapies in multiple cancer types, predominately occurs in metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated with androgen receptor targeting therapies. NEtD tumors are the lethal cancer histologic subtype with unfavorable prognosis and limited treatment. A comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanism underlying targeted‐induced plasticity could greatly facilitate the development of novel therapies. In the past few years, increasingly elegant studies indicated that NEtD tumors share key the convergent genomic and phenotypic characteristics irrespective of their site of origin, but also embrace distinct change and function of molecular mechanisms. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of molecular mechanism in regulating the NEtD, including genetic alterations, DNA methylation, histone modifications, dysregulated noncoding RNA, lineage‐specific transcription factors regulation, and other proteomic alterations. We also provide the current management of targeted therapies in clinical and preclinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Significant progress has been made in kidney xenotransplantation in the past few years, and this field is accelerating towards clinical translation. Therefore, surveillance of the xenograft with appropriate tools is of great importance. Ultrasonography has been widely used in kidney allotransplantation and served as an economical and non‐invasive method to monitor the allograft. However, questions remain whether the ultrasonographic criteria established for human kidney allograft could also be applied in xenotransplantation. Methods: In the current study, we established a porcine‐rhesus life sustaining kidney xenotransplantation model. The xenograft underwent intensive surveillance using gray‐scale, colorful Doppler ultrasound as well as 2D shear wave elastography. The kidney growth, blood perfusion, and cortical stiffness were measured twice a day. These parameters were compared with the clinical data including urine output, chemistry, and pathological findings. Results: The observation continued for 16 days after transplantation. Decline of urine output and elevated serum creatinine were observed on POD9 and biopsy proven antibody‐mediated rejection was seen on the same day. The xenograft underwent substantial growth, with the long axis length increased by 32% and the volume increased by threefold at the end of observation. The resistive index of the xenograft arteries elevated in response to rejection, together with impaired cortical perfusion, while the peak systolic velocity (PSV) was not compromised. The cortical stiffness also increased along with rejection. Conclusion: In summary, the ultrasound findings of kidney xenograft shared similarities with those in allograft but possessed some unique features. A modified criteria needs to be established for further application of ultrasound in kidney xenotransplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]