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The multi‐microgrids operation can greatly improve the proportion of renewable energy integration and power reliability of rural microgrids through energy trading between adjacent microgrids. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimization method for the low‐carbon economic operation of rural microgrids which contain wind power, photovoltaic, biogas, and other common rural renewable energy sources. Using the asymmetric Nash bargaining model which can form the non‐linear energy mapping function to quantify the bargaining power of each microgrid to establish the multi‐microgrids energy trading model, and the non‐convex trading optimization problem is equivalently transformed into two convex optimization subproblems, subproblem 1 is microgrids alliance costs containing the emission costs, and subproblem 2 is cooperative benefits distribution. Then, the accelerated Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) method is used to solve subproblem 1 and subproblem 2, respectively, and the privacy of transaction information is also protected. The results show that: compared with the single‐microgrid operation, the combined operation of rural multi‐microgrids with biogas can greatly improve the renewable energy consumption rate, reduce carbon emission, and improve the profit income of the alliance and each microgrid. Meanwhile, the accelerated ADMM algorithm used can greatly improve the solution speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A passively Q-switched Er-doped fiber laser using a simple and cost-effective saturable absorber (SA) of alcohol has been demonstrated. The SA is made through filling anhydrous alcohol in the gap between the end-facets of two optical patch cords, which are inserted into a cannula. The modulation depth of the SA with 820-μm alcohol layer is measured to be 18%. Based on such an SA, the Q-switching operation in the Er-doped fiber laser has been achieved. The average output power of the Q-switched fiber laser is 30.3 mW with the pulse repetition rate of 81.9 kHz, and thus, the pulse energy is up to 348.6 nJ. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first demonstration of the passively Q-switched laser based on an alcohol SA. This provides the further evidences indicating the possibility of organic liquid as effective SAs for pulsed lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]