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Deep learning has been applied to structural damage detection and achieved great success in recent years, such as the popular structural damage detection methods based on structural vibration response and convolutional neural networks (CNN). However, due to the limited number of vibration response samples that can be acquired in practice for damage detection, the CNN-based models may not be fully trained; thus, their performance for identifying different damage severity as well as the damage locations may be reduced. To solve this issue, in this paper, we follow the strategy of "divide-and-conquer" and propose a two-stage structural damage detection method. Specifically, in the first stage, a 1D-CNN model is constructed to extract the damage features automatically and identify the damage locations. In the second stage, a support vector machine (SVM) model and wavelet packet decomposition technique are combined to further quantify the damage. Experiments are conducted on an eight-level steel frame structure, and the accuracy of the experimental results is greater than 99%, which demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.

Storyline generation has emerged to be an effective method to describe the evolution of disaster. However, due to the temporal-spatial, heterogeneous, and information overload, most of the existing storylines are only based on textual data and deliver limited information. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for generating multimedia storylines to provide more concise and vivid information and deeper understanding of real-time events. We first adopt generative adversarial networks to implement an unsupervised bilingual document summarizing model. Then, we transform image and text incorporation problem into a multi-label learning problem and use convolutional neural networks to train a classification model. And finally, the bilingual documents and images are jointly summarized and embedded into a two-layer storyline generating framework. The experiments on real Hurricane data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in each level and the overall framework.

In this paper, we present an efficient method for single image super-resolution based on the dense network. First, considering that the dense architectures reuse all the previous features in each layer and cause a huge memory overhead, we simplify the dense architecture and only reuse the hierarchical features in the reconstruct layer; therefore, the redundancy in dense architecture is reduced. Subsequently, since the information of the degraded low-resolution image is much less than the potential high-resolution image, we propose a non-degenerate layer to address the degeneracy problem caused by the loss of input information. In the non-degenerate layer, we introduce a skip connection to the linear transformation to eliminate the singularity and utilize an invertible nonlinear activation function to avoid the dead zone. In addition, the direct reconstruction scheme is adopted for efficient models, and the structural similarity is utilized for better human perception. The experiments show promising results in terms of quantitative and qualitative results, which indicates that our method is effective and superior.

Alkaline rocks are generally enriched in rare metals (e.g., Nb, Ta, and Zr) and rare earth elements (REE), but the key factors controlling Nb-Ta-REE enrichment remain unclear. The Boziguoer Nb (Ta-Zr-Rb-REE) deposit in Southwest Tianshan (northern margin of Tarim Basin) is China’s largest, with reserves of 0.32 Mt Nb2O5 and 0.02 Mt Ta2O5. It is an alkaline felsic complex 4.45 km in length and 0.5–1.3 km in width, composed of alkalic granite and syenite, which can be subdivided into syenite I and syenite II. The main minerals in each lithofacies are the same (albite, K-feldspar, quartz, arfvedsonite and aegirine). The Nb in the deposit is mainly hosted in pyrochlore supergroup minerals, ubiquitous in alkalic granite and syenite of the Boziguoer deposit. The wide variation in cations (Ca, Na, REE, U, Th) in the A-site further classifies the Boziguoer pyrochlore supergroup minerals as fluornatropyrochlore, fluorcalciopyrochlore and fluorkenopyrochlore. All Boziguoer pyrochlore supergroup minerals are Nb-rich and Ta-poor at the B-site and dominated by F at the Y-site. These cation occurrence illustrate a new mechanism of substitution in the Boziguoer pyrochlore supergroup minerals (2Ca2+ +Ti4+ +4Ta5+ = REE3+ +A-V + 5Nb5+, where A-V is the A-site vacancy). This substitution mechanism is different from that in the pyrochlore supergroup minerals from other rocks such as carbonatite and nepheline syenite, which are dominated by the replacement of Ba (Rb, Sr) with Ca+ Na + A-V. In addition, the substitution of REE (mainly La, Ce) for Ca in the Boziguoer pyrochlore supergroup minerals is likely a result of either REE enrichment or a change in the REE partition coefficient during the evolution of the alkaline magma. Both the pyrochlore supergroup minerals and their host rocks display negative large ion lithophile element (LILE; K, Rb, Sr, and Ba) anomalies, positive high-field-strength element (HFSE) anomalies and light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment with negative Eu anomalies. This is consistent with the crystallization of the pyrochlore supergroup minerals from the magma rather than from hydrothermal fluids, suggesting a magmatic origin. These findings indicate that the mechanisms of pyrochlore supergroup minerals crystallization in alkaline magma may be significantly different from those in carbonatite and nepheline syenite, and that magmatic differentiation processes may have played a role in the enrichment of the Boziguoer deposit by Nb.

The Yamrang Pegmatite in the Ikhabu Pegmatite Field, Eastern Nepal is Nepal’s primary source of aquamarine. This paper reports detailed mineralogy and whole rock granite and pegmatite geochemistry, and major and trace element data for alkali feldspar and muscovite in order to classify the aquamarine-bearing Yamrang Pegmatite, elucidate beryl-saturation processes and evaluate potential geochemical exploration tools for beryl-pegmatites. Five internal mineralogical/textural zones were identified in the Yamrang Pegmatite; zone 1 (saccharoidal albite); zone 2 (blocky perthitic microcline); zone 3 (muscovite–microcline–quartz); zone 4 (beryl-quartz), and zone 5 (miarolitic cavities). Zones 1–4 represent the magmatic stage, while zone 5 formed during the hydrothermal stage of pegmatite genesis. Spectacular aquamarines are recovered from miarolitic zone 5, while beryl saturation is found in zones 3, 4, and 5. Based on beryllium (Be) content, Be partition among co-existing minerals at the magmatic stage is beryl > muscovite > tourmaline > alkali feldspar > quartz. In contrast, the sequence at the hydrothermal stage is beryl > muscovite > albite > tourmaline > quartz. The Be content in rock-forming minerals decreases from pegmatite margin to core, and tourmaline could have played a significant role in Be enrichment processes in the marginal pegmatite zone. High temperature, a low degree of fractionation, and the dominance of Be-compatible mineral phases such as muscovite, calcium-rich alkali feldspar and tourmaline resulted in beryl undersaturation in marginal zones. However, low temperature, high fractional crystallization, and low abundance of Be-compatible mineral phases resulted in beryl saturation in inner zones. The strongly peraluminous nature, low total REE content (100 ppm, and muscovite, with K/Rb ranging 18–50, Rb ~6000 ppm, Cs > 500 ppm, and Ta > 65 ppm in inner zones (3–5), indicate that the Yamrang Pegmatite is an intermediate-fractionated, beryl-type rare-element (REL) pegmatite. It is probable that whole rock Be content of >10 ppm could be considered an exploration guide to beryl mineralization in the region.

The mineralogical studies of rare-element (REL) pegmatites are important for unraveling the ore-forming process and evaluating REL mineralization potential. The Chinese Altai orogenic belt hosting more than 100,000 pegmatite dykes is famous for rare-metal resources worldwide and diverse REL mineralization types. In this paper, we present the results of EMPA and LA-ICP-MS for muscovite from the typical REL pegmatite dykes of the Chinese Altai. The studied pegmatites are Li-Be-Nb-Ta, Li-Nb-Ta, Nb-Ta, Be-Nb-Ta, Be and barren pegmatites. The Li+ accompanied with Fe, Mg and Mn substitute for Al3+ at the octahedral site in muscovite from the REL pegmatites, and the substitution of Rb by Cs at the interlayer space is identified in muscovite from the Be pegmatites. The P and B contents increase with evolution degree and the lenses from the Nb-Ta pegmatite are produced at late fluid-rich stage with high fluxes (P and B). The enrichment of HFSE in muscovite indicates a Nb-Ta-Sn-W rich pegmatite magma for the Be-Nb-Ta pegmatite. From barren pegmatite, beryl-bearing zone, to spodumene-bearing zone, the evolution degrees of pegmatite-forming magmas progressively increase. In the Chinese Altai, the possible indicators of muscovite for REL mineralization types include Rb (ca. 400–600 ppm, barren pegmatite; ca. 1200–4000 ppm, Be pegmatite; >4500 ppm, Li pegmatite), Cs (ca. 5–50 ppm, barren pegmatite; ca. 100–500 ppm, Be pegmatite; >300 ppm, Li pegmatite) and Ge (

Abstract Frameshift mutations in the TTN gene encoding titin are a major cause for inherited forms of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a heart disease characterized by ventricular dilatation, systolic dysfunction, and progressive heart failure. To date, there are no specific treatment options for DCM patients but heart transplantation. Here, we show the beneficial potential of reframing titin transcripts by antisense oligonucleotide (AON)‐mediated exon skipping in human and murine models of DCM carrying a previously identified autosomal‐dominant frameshift mutation in titin exon 326. Correction of TTN reading frame in patient‐specific cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells rescued defective myofibril assembly and stability and normalized the sarcomeric protein expression. AON treatment in Ttn knock‐in mice improved sarcomere formation and contractile performance in homozygous embryos and prevented the development of the DCM phenotype in heterozygous animals. These results demonstrate that disruption of the titin reading frame due to a truncating DCM mutation can be restored by exon skipping in both patient cardiomyocytes in vitro and mouse heart in vivo, indicating RNA‐based strategies as a potential treatment option for DCM.

Modern design-conscious products have raised the development of advanced electronic fabricating technologies. These widely used industrial technologies show high compatibility for inorganic materials and capacity for mass production. However, the morphology accuracy is hard to ensure and cracks happen easily, which could cause the degradation of device performance and life span. In order to make high precision 3D conformable electronics, a thermal phase-changing adhesion interlayer and modified fabricating processes are used in self-developed equipment. The working principles and influencing factors such as heating time and geometry parameters are studied quantitatively. The accuracy of fabricated patterns is enhanced by this new technology and serpentine designed structures. The delamination or detachment are significantly alleviated. Due to the operation convenience and compatibility with existing materials, the presented fabrication method has great potential for mass production of 3D curved conformable electronics.

Vehicular nodes are equipped with more and more sensing units, and a large amount of sensing data is generated. Recently, more and more research considers cooperative urban sensing as the heart of intelligent and green city traffic management. The key components of the platform will be a combination of a pervasive vehicular sensing system, as well as a central control and analysis system, where data-gathering is a fundamental component. However, the data-gathering and monitoring are also challenging issues in vehicular sensor networks because of the large amount of data and the dynamic nature of the network. In this paper, we propose an efficient continuous event-monitoring and data-gathering framework based on fog nodes in vehicular sensor networks. A fog-based two-level threshold strategy is adopted to suppress unnecessary data upload and transmissions. In the monitoring phase, nodes sense the environment in low cost sensing mode and generate sensed data. When the probability of the event is high and exceeds some threshold, nodes transfer to the event-checking phase, and some nodes would be selected to transfer to the deep sensing mode to generate more accurate data of the environment. Furthermore, it adaptively adjusts the threshold to upload a suitable amount of data for decision making, while at the same time suppressing unnecessary message transmissions. Simulation results showed that the proposed scheme could reduce more than 84 percent of the data transmissions compared with other existing algorithms, while it detects the events and gathers the event data.

Apoptosis (type I programmed cell death) of cardiomyocytes is a major process that plays a role in the progression of heart failure. The early response gene IER3 regulates apoptosis in a wide variety of cells and organs. However, its role in heart failure is largely unknown. Here, we investigate the role of IER3 in an inducible heart failure mouse model. Heart failure was induced in a mouse model that imitates a human titin truncation mutation we found in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and ssDNA stainings showed induction of apoptosis in titin-deficient cardiomyocytes during heart failure development, while IER3 response was dysregulated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and knock-down experiments revealed that IER3 proteins target the promotors of anti-apoptotic genes and act as an anti-apoptotic factor in cardiomyocytes. Its expression is blunted during heart failure development in a titin-deficient mouse model. Targeting the IER3 pathway to reduce cardiac apoptosis might be an effective therapeutic strategy to combat heart failure.