Search

Purpose. To explore the relationship between craniomaxillofacial features and psychological distress among adult pretreatment orthodontic patients. Methods. A group of 190 patients (95 males and 95 females) was included. Questionnaires including the Kessler psychological distress scale (K10) were sent to patients, and cephalograms were collected. Patients were divided into two groups according to K10 score: psychological distress group ( score ≥ 20 ) and no psychological distress group ( score < 20 ). Nineteen hard tissue and thirteen soft tissue parameters were traced on cephalograms to characterize the craniomaxillofacial features. Results. There was no significant difference in gender or age distribution between the two groups. Male patients with psychological distress showed statistically significantly larger anterior facial height (AFH) (126.62 mm vs. 120.97 mm), upper lip length (25.11 mm vs. 23.26 mm), and smaller overbite (1.21 mm vs. 2.75 mm) than patients without psychological distress. Male patients with hyperdivergent pattern and open bite were more likely to have psychological distress. None of the parameters showed statistical differences across groups in females. Frankfort-mandibular plane angle ( r = 0.235 ), Bjork’s sum ( r = 0.311 ), AFH ( r = 0.322 ), overbite ( r = − 0.238 ), AFH/posterior facial height ( r = 0.251 ), and upper anterior facial height (UAFH)/lower anterior facial height (LAFH) ( r = − 0.230 ) were correlated with K10 score in males. After adjusting gender and age, the AFH ( B = 0.147 ) and UAFH/LAFH ( B = − 14.923 ) were significantly related with the K10 score. Conclusion. Psychological distress was mainly correlated with hyperdivergent pattern, open bite, and larger lower anterior facial height proportion in pretreatment orthodontic patients. Orthodontists should be aware of the possible underlying psychological distress in patients with specific craniomaxillofacial features. Clinical assessment of psychological distress may need to take into account gender differences in patients.

Degenerative joint disease (DJD) can be associated with disc displacement (DD) in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients. However, the relationship between different types of DDs and DJD remains unclear.To investigate the odds ratios of different types of sagittal and coronal DDs confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DJD confirmed by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in TMD patients.Radiographic data from 69 males and 232 females were collected for analysis. CBCT was used to diagnose DJD, with criteria including erosion, osteophytes, generalised sclerosis and cysts in the joint. Eight types of DDs were evaluated by sagittal and coronal MRIs: NA, no abnormality; SW, sideways; ADDR, anterior with reduction; ADDR+SW; ADDNR, anterior without reduction; ADDNR + SW; single SW; PDD, posterior; PDD + SW. The odds ratios of DJD in joints with different types of DDs were determined after joint correlation, age and gender adjustment.Compared with NA, the odds ratio of DJD in ADDR was 2.397 (95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.070-5.368), ADDR + SW was 4.808 (95% CI: 1.709-3.528), ADDNR was 29.982 (95% CI: 15.512-57.950) and ADDNR + SW was 25.974 (95% CI: 12.743-52.945). Erosion was significantly increased in ADDR, ADDR + SW, ADDNR and ADDNR + SW; osteophytes were significantly increased in ADDR + SW, ADDNR and ADDNR + SW; and generalised sclerosis and cysts were significantly increased in ADDNR and ADDNR + SW. There were no significant associations between single SW, PDD, PDD + SW and the DJD.ADDR, ADDR+SW, ADDNR and ADDNR+SW were associated with DJD. ADDNR had a significantly higher prevalence of DJD than ADDR. There were no significant relationships between single SW, PDD, PDD + SW and the DJD.