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Proteins are workhorses in the cell; they form stable and more often dynamic, transient protein–protein interactions, assemblies, and networks and have an intimate interplay with DNA and RNA. These network interactions underlie fundamental biological processes and play essential roles in cellular function. The proximity-dependent biotinylation labeling approach combined with mass spectrometry (PL-MS) has recently emerged as a powerful technique to dissect the complex cellular network at the molecular level. In PL-MS, by fusing a genetically encoded proximity-labeling (PL) enzyme to a protein or a localization signal peptide, the enzyme is targeted to a protein complex of interest or to an organelle, allowing labeling of proximity proteins within a zoom radius. These biotinylated proteins can then be captured by streptavidin beads and identified and quantified by mass spectrometry. Recently engineered PL enzymes such as TurboID have a much-improved enzymatic activity, enabling spatiotemporal mapping with a dramatically increased signal-to-noise ratio. PL-MS has revolutionized the way we perform proteomics by overcoming several hurdles imposed by traditional technology, such as biochemical fractionation and affinity purification mass spectrometry. In this review, we focus on biotin ligase–based PL-MS applications that have been, or are likely to be, adopted by the plant field. We discuss the experimental designs and review the different choices for engineered biotin ligases, enrichment, and quantification strategies. Lastly, we review the validation and discuss future perspectives.

The design of efficient, stable, and economical electrocatalysts for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reaction (OER and HER) is a major challenge for overall water splitting. Herein, a hierarchical structured CoP/carbon nanofibers (CNFs) composite was successfully synthesized and its potential application as a high-efficiency bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall splitting water was evaluated. The synergetic effect of two-dimensional (2D) CoP nanosheets and one-dimensional (1D) CNFs endowed the CoP/CNFs composites with abundant active sites and rapid electron and mass transport pathways, and thereby significantly improved the electrocatalytic performances. The optimized CoP/CNFs delivered a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at low overpotential of 325 mV for OER and 225 mV for HER. In the overall water splitting, CoP/CNFs achieved a low potential of 1.65 V at 10 mA cm−2. The facile strategy provided in the present work can facilitate the design and development of multifunctional non-noble metal catalysts for energy applications.

Abstract: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a kind of biomolecule that can regulate important life activities such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, aging, and body development. It has been found that lncRNAs are closely related to various diseases. In cardiovascular diseases, lncRNAs affect the expression level of related genes in atherosclerotic plaques, which are closely related to endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell proliferation, macrophage dysfunction, abnormal lipid metabolism, and cellular autophagy, thus participating in regulating the occurrence and development of AS. In view of this, investigating the role of lncRNAs in regulating cardiac gene networks on cardiovascular system diseases has attracted much clinical attention and may be a novel target for AS therapy. This paper focuses on lncRNAs related to AS, explores the relationship between lncRNAs and AS, suggests the role of lncRNAs in the prevention and treatment of AS, and expects the application of more lncRNAs as the marker in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AS.

The rotational Doppler effect (RDE) associated with orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been used for remote sensing of a spinning object. However, one of the challenges of long-range detection stems from the low echo signal power. In this paper, we propose a new detection scheme that uses the combined vortex beam (CVB) generated by coherent beam combining (CBC) technology as the probe beam to enhance the echo signal power. Furthermore, we establish a rotational speed remote sensing model based on RDE, the emitted power and emission diameter of the probe beam are investigated in detail. The results show that, compared with the superposition vortex beam (SVB) generated by a single laser beam, the CVB detection scheme can significantly enhance the echo signal intensity and detection distance. The measuring range and accuracy of rotational speed are also studied in detail. And finally, we present the first experimental demonstration of the RDE arising directly from the interaction of the CVB with a rotating rough surface. The scheme proposed in our paper offers a good reference for practical application of the remote detection based on RDE.

Microvascular invasion (MVI) affects recurrence after treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma (sHCC) of ≤3 cm in size. The present study aimed to investigate whether abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) are associated with MVI in patients with sHCC.A total of 124 patients with pathologically-confirmed sHCC diagnosed on surgical resection at the First Hospital Affiliated to Army Military University were recruited and divided into two groups according to MVI classification criteria (i.e., MVI-positive or MVI-negative). The SAT, VAT, and IMAT areas at the lumbar 3 vertebral level were imaged with abdominal computed tomography and measured using ImageJ software. Their association with MVI in sHCC was analyzed.Of the 124 patients with sHCC, 67 were MVI-positive and 57 were MVI-negative. Univariate analysis revealed a significant difference in the abdominal VAT and SAT between the MVI-positive and MVI-negative groups (The results of this study suggest that the areas of abdominal SAT and VAT are of significant clinical value because they can effectively predict the MVI status in patients with sHCC.

The self-healing mechanism and bioelectrochemical interface properties of supramolecular gels have been rarely explored. In this context, we propose a constitutive “fibril-reorganization” model to reveal the self-healing mechanism of a series of core–shell structured guanosine-borate (GB) hydrogels and emphasize that interfibrillar interactions at the supramolecular polymer scale (G-quadruplex nanowires) drive the self-healing process of GB hydrogels. Structure-electrochemical sensing performance studies reveal that GB hydrogel nanofibers with relatively strong biomolecular affinity such as –SH modified GB hydrogel (GB-SH) show a high sensitivity of response and low limit of detection for tumour marker alpha-fetoprotein sensing (AFP; 0.076 pg mL−1). Guanosine/ferroceneboronic acid (GB-Fc) hydrogel nanofibers with superior conductivity and redox activity display the widest linear detection range for AFP (0.0005–100 ng mL−1). Structure-property correlations of GB hydrogels provide useful insight for the future design of advanced self-healing materials and electrochemical biosensors.

The temporal and spatial control of natural systems has aroused great interest for the creation of synthetic mimics. By using boronic ester based dynamic covalent chemistry and coupling it with an internal pH feedback system, we have developed a new chemically fueled reaction network for non-equilibrium supramolecular chiral G-quadruplex hydrogels with programmable lifetimes from minutes, to hours, to days, as well as high transparency and conductivity, excellent injectability, and rapid self-healing properties. The system can be controlled by the kinetically controlled in situ formation and dissociation of dynamic boronic ester bonds between the cis-diol of guanosine (G) and 5-fluorobenzoxaborole (B) in the presence of chemical fuels (KOH and 1,3-propanesultone), thereby leading to a precipitate-solution-gel-precipitate cycle under non-equilibrium conditions. A combined experimental-computational approach showed the underlying mechanism of the non-equilibrium self-assembly involves aggregation and disaggregation of right-handed helical G-quadruplex superstructures. The proposed dynamic boronic ester-based non-equilibrium self-assembly strategy offers a new option to design next-generation adaptive and interactive smart materials.

In order to solve the problem that the ideological and political work mechanism in colleges and universities is relatively backward, which has no significant effect on ensuring the healthy and vigorous development of socialist universities with Chinese characteristics and promoting the all-round growth of students, this research focuses on the innovative countermeasures of ideological and political work in colleges and universities under the network environment from the perspective of ideological and political education. Therefore, the current situation and problems of ideological and political education management in colleges and universities are understood through questionnaire survey and interview. It is learned that 24.09% of students believe that the level of ideological and political education activities in colleges and universities is declining, 32.12% of students do not like the traditional way of ideological and political education, 33.94% of students have a general evaluation of the current ideological and political education management, and 58.03% of students believe that the way of ideological and political education is relatively single. Network psychological education for college students is a kind of educational behavior aimed at the psychological change process of college students in the Internet environment, and it conducts psychological education for college students in terms of cognition, emotion, will, ethics, personality shaping, interpersonal communication, and so on. Based on the above problems, combined with the requirements of ideological and political management and the needs of students, this article puts forward countermeasures from three aspects: management mechanism innovation, team improvement, and adaptation ways. Therefore, the management of ideological and political education in the network era is not a thing overnight, and must be adhered to for a long time. Only by constantly exploring, strengthening research, absorbing the strengths of others, innovating and developing, the ideological and political education management in the network era will increasingly show its strong effectiveness and play a more and more important role in practical work. The lack of network morality and network norms not only affects the ideological and political education but also affects the ideological and moral elements of higher vocational students’ quality and physical and mental health.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) emotion recognition based on a hybrid feature extraction method in empirical mode decomposition domain combining with optimal feature selection based on sequence backward selection is proposed, which can reflect subtle information of multiscale components of unstable and nonlinear EEG signals and remove the reductant features to improve the performance of emotion recognition. The proposal is tested on DEAP dataset, in which the emotional states in the Valance dimension and Arousal dimension are classified by both ${K}$ -nearest neighbor and support vector machine, respectively. In the experiments, temporal windows of different length and three kinds of rhythms of EEG signal are taken into account for comparison, from which the results show that EEG signal with 1s temporal window achieves highest recognition accuracy of 86.46% in Valence dimension and 84.90% in Arousal dimension, respectively, which is superior to some state-of-the-art works. The proposed method would be applied to real-time emotion recognition in multimodal emotional communication-based humans–robots interaction system.

The current tough and stretchable gels with various integrated functions are mainly based on polymer hydrogels. By introducing a non-covalent supramolecular self-assembled network into a covalently cross-linked polymer network in the presence of eco-friendly and cost-effective deep eutectic solvents (DESs), we developed a new small molecule-based supramolecular-polymer double-network (SP-DN) eutectogel platform. This exciting material exhibits high stretchability and toughness (18 000% areal strain), spontaneous self-healing ability, ultrafast (∼5 s)

Background Begging brings benefits and costs for nestling birds: it can indicate their needs to their parents, but it can also be a cue used by predators to find the nest. The costs, like many variables related to nest predation, can be specific to what kinds of predators are present and their auditory capabilities. These costs and benefits could also be affected by human noise, as noise could disrupt communication to parents and eavesdropping by predators, although human-produced noise might be easily ignored if predators can hear high-frequency components of the begging. We studied nest predation on a generalist bird, the Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus, in a tropical rainforest in which there are many kinds of nest predators, including birds, mammals and reptiles. Results In a total of 160 artificial nests, we broadcast recordings of begging nestlings, with and without traffic noise, at two volume levels. We hypothesized that playback would increase predation relative to a silent control, and that mixing in traffic noise with the begging would decrease predation, as the begging signal was masked. However, we hypothesized that some predators, particularly small mammals with sensitive high-frequency hearing, might ignore the traffic noise. We found that predation was lowest for the control treatment, and lower for treatments mixed with traffic noise than for those without it. Small mammals, however, showed an unexpected pattern, strongly avoiding the treatments with traffic noise. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the human-associated noise can disturb nest predators and influence which kinds of predators use begging to locate nests.

Four new elemane sesquiterpenoids, magnograndins J-M (1-4), and one known sesquiterpenoid, 12,13-diacetoxyelema-1,3-dien-6α,11-diol (5), were obtained from 70% acetone extract of the leaves of Magnolia grandiflora. Their structures were determined with extensive spectroscopic (HRMS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR) analyses. Compound 1 represented the first example of elemane sesquiterpenoid with an orthoacetate unit. Compound 4 inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 value of 17.83 μM.

Composite materials could be applied to the bumper beam in order to enhance the structure performance and provide a light weight solution. This article assessed the impact performance of automobile...

Background: Insulin is an essential therapy for treating diabetes, but many patients lack standard insulin injection skills. Purpose: We developed a standard training procedure based on a new simulation tool. Then we conducted a study to investigate the effect of this standard training on the ability of diabetic patients to inject themselves with insulin. Methods: After follow-up, a total of 120 patients with diabetes mellitus were included. These patients needed insulin therapy depending on their condition and had not previously learned insulin injection. We randomly divided them into the intervention group (60 cases) and the control group (60 cases). The control group was trained on insulin injection before being discharged according to the traditional method, and the intervention group was trained based on an improved simulation tool. All participants were trained as individuals or groups. Finally, we evaluated the learning effects of both groups. Results: The time spent at the training stage in the intervention group was shorter than the control group. We found that after applying simulation devices to mimic operations, the learning time for patients was reduced. The first subcutaneous injection success rate was 73.33% in the intervention group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group by 46.67%. The score of the first subcutaneous injection and pre-discharge score in the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group. One month later, the score for injection skills in the 2 groups was higher than that before discharge, and the score in the trial group was still higher than that in the control group. The incidence of subcutaneous fat hyperplasia in the trial group was lower than that in the control group (3.3% vs 15%, P

Joint cost management is a decisive factor for sustainable collaboration in supplier-buyer dyads. For both parties the establishment of an accurate cost estimation (CE) framework supports managing suppliers’ costs as well as manufacturer’s quotation costing. Grounded on resource dependence theory and following a design science research approach, this study aims to develop a multi-perspective CE system inspired by statistical learning , deep learning- decision-making and multi-agent theory. We evaluate our system in a single case and computer simulation study using empirical data coming from observations and archives at a large Bavarian original equipment manufacturer (OEM). The results indicate that our CE approach can select the most significant cost-drivers and predict total costs of parts and assemblies with high accuracy to support the supplier in efficiently managing its costs. In making the CE blackbox model transparent using a combination of model agnostic post-hoc explainable artificial intelligence approaches we create user acceptance for both suppliers and OEMs. All CE-artifacts are ensembled in a multi-agent system being able to automatically manage costs with suppliers and furthermore, as a model extension, can lead to a collaborative price agreement. Our system supports supply chain managers on both sides in entering into a sustainable long partnership.

Effectively improving and enhancing the data quality of colleges and universities is the most fundamental goal of university data governance. In this paper, first of all, the causes of data quality problems in colleges and universities are analyzed, and then the general idea of improving data quality is put forward, in which introduces how to identify data quality problems, how to solve data quality problems through technical and business means and how to make the data quality management of colleges and universities form a long-term mechanism through the construction of the system.

Supramolecular eutectogels, an emerging class of materials that have just developed very recently, offer a new opportunity for generating functional supramolecular gel materials in biocompatible anhydrous or low-water media. As the first example of supramolecular G4 eutectogels, complexes of natural guanosine and H3 BO3 exhibited excellent gelation capacity in choline chloride/alcohol deep eutectic solvents. The as-prepared supramolecular eutectogels displayed unexpected solvent-induced chiral inversion and significantly high ionic conductivity (up to 7.78 mS cm-1 ), as well as outstanding thixotropic/injectable properties, high thermal stability and excellent electrochromic activity. These features make these versatile supramolecular G4 eutectogels promising candidates for developing next-generation flexible electronics with low environmental impact.

Human-robot emotional interaction has developed rapidly in recent years, in which speech emotion recognition plays a significant role. In this paper, a speech emotion recognition method based on an improved brain emotional learning (BEL) model is proposed, which is inspired by the emotional processing mechanism of the limbic system in the brain. The reinforcement learning rule of BEL model, however, makes it have poor adaptation and affects its performance. To solve these problems, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is employed to update the weights of BEL model. The proposal is tested on the CASIA Chinese emotion corpus, SAVEE emotion corpus, and FAU Aibo dataset, in which MFCC related features and their 1st order delta coefficients are extracted. In addition, the proposal is tested on INTERSPEECH 2009 standard feature set, in which three dimensionality reduction methods of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and PCA+LDA are used to reduce the dimension of feature set. The experimental results show that the proposed method obtains average recognition accuracy of 90.28% (CASIA), 76.40% (SAVEE), and 71.05% (FAU Aibo) for speaker-dependent (SD) speech emotion recognition and the highest average accuracy of 38.55% (CASIA), 44.18% (SAVEE), 64.60% (FAU Aibo) for speaker-independent (SI) speech emotion recognition are obtained, which shows that the proposal is feasible in speech emotion recognition.

Hierarchically structured TiO2 photo-anodes with ordered macropores and mesopores are prepared by two steps of self-assembling process. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and small angle X-Ray diffraction measurements show that the samples were of 3D ordered macroporous structure and the ordered framework possessed numerous mesopores. In addition, the obtained TiO2 samples are systematically investigated by Ultraviolet-Visible spectrum, Brunauer-Emniett-Teller analysis. The Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSCCs) fabricated with the 3D ordered macro-/mesoporous (3DOM/m) TiO2 photo-anode achieve a photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.20%, significantly higher than that of the DSSCs assembled with reference TiO2 photo-anodes without hierarchical structures. The enhanced PCE can be attributed to the unique morphology of 3DOM/m TiO2. This study demonstrates high potential of the TiO2 photoanode with hierarchical morphology for DSSC applications.

Developing low-cost and efficient tri-iodide reduction catalyst is a critical issue for the application of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Heteroatom doped carbon catalyst is an emerging type of catalyst that shows a high potential for practical DSSC application. Herein, we report the synthesis and application of a Fe and N co-doped carbon catalyst with three-dimensional ordered macropores and ordered mesopores. We demonstrate the unique composition and morphology of the synthesized catalyst endowed the catalyst with superior tri-iodide reduction activity. The DSSC based on the novel catalyst shows a photo conversion efficiency of 6.94%, higher than that for commercial Pt/C catalyst. The present work not only suggests the novel catalyst could be a competitive alternative to Pt/C catalyst in DSSC application but also demonstrates the importance of the morphology of the catalyst for its catalytic activity.

In recent years, data quality became the crucial factor of the User-oriented information technology services in many universities. However, low quality of data has seriously restricted the process of information construction. To improve the quality of data, some universities have carried out data governance work, but the results are not satisfactory, and the work promotion is very difficult[1]. One of the fundamental problems is the lack of a complementary and effective institutional system for data governance. This paper studies and explores the data governance mechanism construction, and proposes a set of feasible universal data governance mechanism in Colleges and universities.

Two new compounds 6,7-dimethoxy-2-[2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (

The reaction of carbene insertion into the C–H bond of indole catalyzed by the Rh2(HCO2)4 complex has been investigated in detail through DFT calculations. Results indicate that the indole can proceed via a nucleophilic attack at the carbene first to generate a carbonium ylide intermediate followed by a [1,4]-proton transfer to give a free enol. In this case, the final C–H insertion product can be obtained through the self-catalyzed [1,3]-proton shift of enol. Alternatively, the nucleophilic attack can also involve the concerted formations of C–O and C–C bonds to produce an oxocarbonium ylide intermediate. The subsequent [1,2]-proton shift catalyzed by a molecule of enol is also energetically feasible to give the C–H insertion product. It indicates the coexistence of two distinct pathways for the C–H insertion reaction of indole. However, the ratio between them can be regulated by the substituents on both carbenoid and indole. For instance, the enol pathway is always dominant for the phenyl-substituted ca...

Thirteen sesquiterpenes including eight new ones, magnodelavins A-H (1-8), were obtained from the 95 % ethanolic extract of the leaves of Magnolia delavayi Franch. The structures of the new compounds were determined by exhaustive 1 H-, 13 C-, 2D-NMR, UV, IR, and HR-ESI-MS data, as well as X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 9 and 10 showed potent cytotoxic activities against HL-60, A-549, SMMC-7721, MCF-7, and SW480 human cancer cell lines in vitro using MTS assay.

Aims: The Notch1 signaling pathway is implicated in multiple inflammatory diseases. However, the role of Notch1 signal- ing in alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) has not been fully investigated. We aimed to determine whether Notch1-Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling mediates oxidative stress-induced ASH. Methods: In vitro, three cell lines were used: the HepG2 cells, HepG2 cells transfected with a control vector (Neo cells) and HepG2 cells transfected with a cytochrome P4502E1-expression vector (2E1 cells), which allows the cells to undergo oxidative stress in response to ethanol. All three cell lines were incubated with ethanol with/without Notch1 inhibitor treatment, oxidative stress marker, steatohepatitis marker and Notch1-NF-κB signaling were assessed. To further test Notch1-NF-κB signaling in vivo, rats were fed with ethanol, ethanol plus Notch1 inhibitor or an isocaloric diet for 8 weeks. Hepatitis, oxidative stress and Notch1-NF-κB activity in the liver were assessed to further verify the in vitro results. Results: Ethanol was shown to induce oxidative stress and steatohepatitis with remarkably elevated Notch1-NF-κB expression in 2E1 cells rather than HepG2 and Neo cells. Notch1 inhibitor was non-toxic in the three cell lines and had a protective effect against markers of ASH. Similarly, chronic alcohol administration in vivo induced alcoholic hepatitis, oxidative stress and elevated Notch1-NF-κB expression in rats, while Notch1 inhibitor attenuated alcoholic liver injury. Conclusion: These findings provide direct in vitro and in vivo evidence that the oxidative stress-induced ASH is mediated by the Notch1-NF-κB signaling pathway, which can be effectively reversed by Notch1 inhibitor.

Schistosomiasis japonica remains a major public health problem and the Poyang Lake region in Jiangxi province is one of the worst affected endemic areas. Buffaloes play a major role in the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum to humans. The aim of the present study was to increase understanding of the epidemic characteristics of schistosomiasis japonica in water buffaloes in the Poyang Lake region, after achieving the national mid-term goal, and to provide a basis for further interventions. The baseline prevalence in two villages in the Poyang Lake region in May 2010 was compared with respect to usage, sex and age in the total study population. Seasonal dynamics from May 2010 to May 2011 were observed in a natural village in the studied area. The baseline prevalence of infection in both villages (Caohui and Gaozhou) was 4.94% in May 2010. The prevalence in buffalo younger than 12 months was 12.82% in Caohui and 15.11% in Gaozhou, which was significantly higher than that found in those aged 13-24 months and older than 24 months. Of the 28 infected buffaloes, 82.14% (23) were younger than 12 months. The flow of seasonal dynamics showed that S. japonicum infection buffaloes were found from May to July and from November to January of the following year. This survey suggested that it is necessary to conduct two mass treatments (especially for young animals) in late March or early April and November, with an additional treatment of positive animals in July or June.