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The separator membrane is one of the four key materials of a lithium-ion battery, and the size of the separator membrane pores plays an important role on the internal resistance and safety of the battery. In this study, firstly, the relationship between the average pore size and the pore center to center distance with different porosity ratios in the separator membrane was analyzed with statistical theory. Then, a mathematical model was established to predict the probability of intersections and merging of the pores. In the end, the probability of intersections of pores with different porosity ratios were calculated and simulated; the differences between the results obtained from the two ways were 1.16%, 1.47% and 4.16%, when the porosity ratios were 21.36%, 40.16% and 53.34%, respectively, which indicated that the prediction model had good accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used for drug delivery because of their unique biological properties, such as their safety and ability to prolong drug action. Some studies have demonstrated that AuNPs accumulate in the heart, especially during pathological processes. Therefore, it is very important to understand the effect of AuNPs on the heart. Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality; however, the effect of AuNPs on MI remains unclear. In the present study, we carried out a comprehensive evaluation of AuNPs on acute MI. The results showed that AuNPs accumulated in infarcted hearts, decreased infarction size, improved systolic function, and inhibited cardiac fibrosis and TNF-[alpha] accumulation. Our work indicated that AuNPs have cardioprotective effects and can be used in drug delivery systems for the treatment of cardiac diseases.Key words: AuNPs, myocardial infarction, cardiac fibrosis, inflammation.Les nanoparticules d'or (AuNP) sont largement utilisees pour le largage de medicaments en raison de leurs proprietes biologiques uniques, comme leur innocuite et leur capacite de prolonger la duree d'action des medicaments. Certaines etudes ont montre que les AuNP s'accumulent dans le creur, en particulier lors de processus pathologiques. Par consequent, il est tres important de comprendre l'effet des AuNP sur le creur. L'infarctus du myocarde (IM) est une cause majeure de morbidite et de mortalite; toutefois, l'effet des AuNP sur l'IM demeure a clarifier. Dans la presente etude, nous avons mene une evaluation en profondeur de l'effet des AuNP sur l'IM aigu. Les resultats ont montre que les AuNP s'accumulaient dans les creurs infarcis et permettaient de faire diminuer la taille de l'infarctus, d'ameliorer la fonction systolique et d'inhiber la fibrose cardiaque ainsi que l'accumulation de TNF-[alpha]. Nos travaux ont montre que les AuNP ont des effets cardioprotecteurs et qu'elles peuvent etre utilisees dans les systemes de largage des medicaments pour le traitement des maladies cardiaques. [Traduit par la Redaction]Mots-cles: AuNP, infarctus du myocarde, fibrose cardiaque, inflammation., IntroductionDue to their relatively easy synthesis and surface modification, nanomaterials are commonly used to deliver drugs and diagnose diseases (Oberdorster et al. 2005; Dykman and Khlebtsov 2012; Cai et al. [...]

Cardiac remodeling is the pathological basis of various cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we found gender-related differences in β-adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated pathological cardiac remodeling. Cardiac remodeling model was established by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline (ISO) for 14 days. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and echocardiography were obtained on 7th and 14th days during ISO administration. Myocardial cross-sectional area and the ratio of heart mass to tibia length (HM/TL) were detected to assess cardiac hypertrophy. Picro-Sirius red staining (picric acid + Sirius red F3B) was used to evaluate cardiac fibrosis. Myocardial capillary density was assessed by immunohistochemistry for von Willebrand factor. Further, real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of β1-AR and β2-AR. Results showed that ISO induced cardiac remodeling, the extent of which was different between female and male mice. The extent of increase in cardiac wall thickness, myocardial cross-sectional area, and collagen deposition in females was less than that in males. However, no gender-related difference was observed in HR, MAP, cardiac function, and myocardial capillary density. The distinctive decrease of β2-AR expression, rather than a decrease of β1-AR expression, seemed to result in gender-related differences in cardiac remodeling. Key words: Gender, β-adrenergic receptor, cardiac remodeling, isoprenaline. Le remodelage cardiaque est le phenomene pathologique a la base de diverses maladies cardiovasculaires. Dans cette etude, nous avons observe des differences liees au sexe dans le remodelage cardiaque pathologique medie par les recepteurs p-adrenergiques. Nous avons etabli un modele de remodelage cardiaque eninjectantde l'isoprenaline(ISO)parvoie sous- cutanee pendant 14 jours. Nous avons mesure la frequence cardiaque (FC) et la tension arterielle moyenne (TAM) et realise une echocardiographie aux jours 7 et 14 de l'administration d'ISO. Nous avons mesure la surface transversale du myocarde et le ratio poids du creur sur longueur du tibia en vue d'evaluer l'hypertrophie cardiaque. Nous avons evalue le degre de fibrose cardiaque a l'aide de la coloration par le rouge sirius et l'acide picrique. Nous avons evalue la densite des capillaires myocardiques par immunohistochimie avec le facteur de Von Willebrand. En outre, nous avons mesure l'expression des recepteurs β1- et β2- adrenergiques a l'aide de la technique de PCR en temps reel. Les resultats ont montre que l'ISO entrainait un remodelage du creur dont le degre etait different entre les souris males et femelles. Le degre d'augmentation de l'epaisseur de la paroi du creur, de la surface transversale du myocarde et du depot de collagene etait moins eleve chez les femelles que chez les males. Mais nous n'avons observe aucune difference liee au sexe sur le plan de la FC, de la TAM, de la fonction cardiaque, ni de la densite des capillaires myocardiques. La diminution distinctive de l'expression des recepteurs β2-adrenergiques semblait etre causee par des differences liees au sexe dans le remodelage du creur plutot que dans l'expression des recepteurs β1-adrenergiques. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: Sexe, recepteur β-adrenergique, remodelage du creur, isoprenaline., Introduction Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide. It is of great importance to investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. Premenopausal women have less chance [...]