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Tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration continued to increase over past years, thereby becoming a growing environmental concern in China. Most studies have focused on the analysis of daily maximum 8‐hr O3 concentration, while there is still a dearth of investigations of nocturnal O3. Here, by analyzing the data of 1,313 sites from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center, we show a remarkable increase in the nocturnal O3 concentration during summertime of 2015–2019 in most regions of China, revealing an aggravation of nocturnal O3 pollution. Combining with a GeoDetector model and statistical analysis, we clarify that the aggravation of nocturnal O3 pollution is mainly caused by reduction in both ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration and wet scavenging in recent years. We further reveal that the increasing O3 may have enhanced the nocturnal particulate nitrate (NO3− ${{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_{3}}^{-}$) formation through N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis, and thereby driving the variation and long‐term trend of nocturnal NO3− ${{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_{3}}^{-}$. Plain Language Summary: The high concentrations of nocturnal ozone exposure pose potential threats to the physiological characteristics of vegetation and crops. Here, we reveal the aggravation of nocturnal O3 pollution during summertime of 2015–2019 in most regions of China. The ambient NO2 reduction and weakened wet scavenging effect in recent years is further clarified as the dominant factor to cause the intensified nocturnal O3 pollution. We also show that the nocturnal O3 plays an important role in the nocturnal NO3− ${{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_{3}}^{-}$ formation through N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis, revealing that the interannual changes in nocturnal O3 likely has driven the variation and long‐term trend of nocturnal NO3− ${{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_{3}}^{-}$. Key Points: Nocturnal O3 pollution was intensified in summer of 2015–2019 in ChinaReduction in both NO2 and wet scavenging leads to the worsening of nocturnal O3 pollutionThe aggravated nocturnal O3 pollution drives the nighttime NO3− ${{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_{3}}^{-}$ interannual variations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anionocages have been developed as a unique family of hydrogen bonded cages. However, strategies for constructing anionocages are mainly limited to that based on (PO43−)‐bisurea coordination, neither the ligands nor the anions lack the simplicity and diversity of the maturely developed analogues based on metal coordination (i.e. metallocage). We report herein a more simple strategy for anionocages design based on (RPO32−)‐monourea coordination, utilizing monourea rather than bisurea as the hydrogen binding donor, and RPO32− rather than PO43− as the acceptor. Two fluorescent, quadruple helicate anionocages were constructed by a bis‐monourea ligand, and dianions PhOPO32− (H1) or HOPO32− (H1A), respectively, which were capable of encapsulating a series of cation guests. As revealed by molecular modeling, H1 features remarkable guest‐adaptive cavity breathing without change of the quadruple helicate topology, which allowed the encapsulation of different sized guests in an "induced fit" manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the signal transduction function of organophosphates in biological systems, bioactive organophosphates were utilized for the first time as chiral nodes to dictate the stereoselective assembly of hydrogen-bonded anionic cages. Phosphonomycin (antibiotics), tenofovir (antivirals), adenosine monophosphate (natural product, AMP) and clindamycin phosphate (antibiotics) were assembled with an achiral bis-monourea ligand, thereby leading to the stereoselective formation of quadruple or triple helicates. The extent of the stereoselectivity could be enhanced by either lowering the temperature or adding stronger-binding cations as templates. With the chiral anionic cages as the host, some enantioselectivity was achieved when binding chiral quaternary ammonium cations., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Anionocages have been developed as a unique family of hydrogen bonded cages. However, strategies for constructing anionocages are mainly limited to that based on (PO 4 3- )-bisurea coordination, neither the ligands nor the anions lack the simplicity and diversity of the maturely developed analogues based on metal coordination (i.e. metallocage). We report herein a more simple strategy for anionocages design based on (RPO 3 2- )-monourea coordination, utilizing monourea rather than bisurea as the hydrogen binding donor, and RPO 3 2- rather than PO 4 3- as the acceptor. Two fluorescent, quadruple helicate anionocages were constructed by a bis-monourea ligand, and dianions PhOPO 3 2- (H 1 ) or HOPO 3 2- (H 1A ), respectively, which were capable of encapsulating a series of cation guests. As revealed by molecular modeling, H 1 features remarkable guest-adaptive cavity breathing without change of the quadruple helicate topology, which allowed the encapsulation of different sized guests in an "induced fit" manner., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)