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Migraine is a chronic, recurrent neurovascular disorder characterized by episodes closely associated with neurovascular hypersensitivity. Oxidative stress can worsen the hypersensitive state of the central nervous system, which in turn can trigger pro-inflammatory factors that result in neurogenic inflammation. Topiramate is frequently used as a preventative measure for migraines, but there is currently little empirical data to support its efficacy through pathways related to neurogenic inflammation and oxidative stress. This review provides an overview of current knowledge regarding the etiology, inducements, pathophysiology, and available treatments for migraine, with a focus on the clinical and experimental evidence of neurogenic inflammation and oxidative stress in migraine. It also delves into the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities of topiramate, clarifying the possible ways in which topiramate affects these pathways to lessen migraine symptoms.

With the continuous development of communication technology and the accelerated arrival of enterprise digitization, the telecom business support system is also evolving and changing. In order to realize the goal of high-quality, high-efficiency and sustainable evolution, telecom operators need to establish an effective and adaptive to the market demand of business support system hierarchical evolution target system. Based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of the current telecom business support system and the demand of operation services, a framework of L-PS-M (level-process-system-measurement) hierarchical evolution target system for telecom operation service support was proposed. The framework firstly constructed a three-dimensional cube mapping structure formed by the three dimensional factors of end-to-end business process, system support capability, and hierarchical goal. Secondly, a subdivided implementation path of the operation service support system was given. Thirdly, telecom carriers could carry out the planning and optimization of the system support capability according to the actual demand in a targeted way through the implementation path, so as to improve the efficiency of the operation and system production, and further clarified the evolution of the business support system, which was applicable to telecom operations. It further clarified the evolution direction of the business support system.

Polyurethane foam (PUF) pads are widely used in semiconductor manufacturing, particularly for chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). This study prepares PUF composites with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) to improve CMP performance. MCC and NCC were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), showing average diameters of 129.7 ± 30.9 nm for MCC and 22.2 ± 6.7 nm for NCC, both with high crystallinity (ca. 89%). Prior to preparing composites, the study on the influence of the postbaked step on the PUF was monitored through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). After that, PUF was incorporated with MCC/NCC to afford two catalogs of polyurethane foam composites (i.e., PUFC-M and PUFC-N). These PUFCs were examined for their thermal and surface properties using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. Tgs showed only slight changes but a notable increase in the 10% weight loss temperature (Td10%) for PUFCs, rising from 277 °C for PUF to about 298 °C for PUFCs. The value of Tan δ dropped by up to 11%, indicating improved elasticity. Afterward, tensile and abrasion tests were conducted, and we acquired significant enhancements in the abrasion performance (e.g., from 1.04 mm/h for the PUF to 0.76 mm/h for a PUFC-N) of the PUFCs. Eventually, we prepared high-performance PUFCs and demonstrated their capability toward the practical CMP process.

BackgroundAlthough oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiological process of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), the specific underlying mechanism is still unclear. Whether antioxidant therapy can treat CRSwNP needs further investigation.MethodsImmunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses were performed to detect the distribution and expression of oxidants and antioxidants in nasal polyp tissues. qPCR revealed correlations between oxidase, antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory cytokine levels in CRSwNP patients. Human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) and primary macrophages were cultured to track the cellular origin of oxidative stress in nasal polyps(NPs) and to determine whether crocin can reduce cellular inflammation by increasing the cellular antioxidant capacity.ResultsThe expression of NOS2, NOX1, HO-1 and SOD2 was increased in nasal epithelial cells and macrophages derived from nasal polyp tissue. Oxidase levels were positively correlated with those of inflammatory cytokines (IL-5 and IL-6). Conversely, the levels of antioxidant enzymes were negatively correlated with those of IL-13 and IFN-γ. Crocin inhibited M1 and M2 macrophage polarization as well as the expression of NOS2 and NOX1 and improved the antioxidant capacity of M2 macrophages. Moreover, crocin enhanced the ability of antioxidants to reduce inflammation via the KEAP1/NRF2/HO-1 pathway in HNEpCs treated with SEB or LPS. Additionally, we observed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of crocin in nasal explants.ConclusionOxidative stress plays an important role in the development of CRSwNP by promoting various types of inflammation. The oxidative stress of nasal polyps comes from epithelial cells and macrophages. Antioxidant therapy may be a promising strategy for treating CRSwNP.

Abstract Background Chinese medical schools have offered both professional and academic degrees for postgraduate students. However, there is limited information about the attitudes of professional-degree and academic-degree students. We aimed to examine the attitudes of full-time postgraduate students towards the curriculum, stratified by degree type. Methods A 29-item online questionnaire was distributed to postgraduate students in West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University in 2020. The questionnaire was designed to collect students’ demographic characteristics, attitudes towards curricular provision and content, and classroom organization. A comparison was made between groups based on degree type (academic degree versus professional degree). Results Overall, 645 out of 908 students at West China School of Medicine completed the questionnaire. Comparing with students pursuing academic degrees, professional-degree students were more interested if the curriculum included specialized knowledge and clinical skills, and expressed concerns over the excessive compulsory courses and inadequate optional courses (p

Abstract Background Flavivirus causes many serious public health problems worldwide. However, licensed DENV vaccine has restrictions on its use, and there is currently no approved ZIKV vaccine. Development of a potent and safe flavivirus vaccine is urgently needed. As a previous study revealed the epitope, RCPTQGE, located on the bc loop in the E protein domain II of DENV, in this study, we rationally designed and synthesized a series of peptides based on the sequence of JEV epitope RCPTTGE and DENV/ZIKV epitope RCPTQGE. Methods Immune sera were generated by immunization with the peptides which were synthesized by using five copies of RCPTTGE or RCPTQGE and named as JEV-NTE and DV/ZV-NTE. Immunogenicity and neutralizing abilities of JEV-NTE or DV/ZV-NTE-immune sera against flavivirus were evaluated by ELISA and neutralization tests, respectively. Protective efficacy in vivo were determined by passive transfer the immune sera into JEV-infected ICR or DENV- and ZIKV-challenged AG129 mice. In vitro and in vivo ADE assays were used to examine whether JEV-NTE or DV/ZV-NTE-immune sera would induce ADE. Results Passive immunization with JEV-NTE-immunized sera or DV/ZV-NTE-immunized sera could increase the survival rate or prolong the survival time in JEV-challenged ICR mice and reduce the viremia levels significantly in DENV- or ZIKV-infected AG129 mice. Furthermore, neither JEV -NTE- nor DV/ZV-NTE-immune sera induced antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) as compared with the control mAb 4G2 both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions We showed for the first time that novel bc loop epitope RCPTQGE located on the amino acids 73 to 79 of DENV/ZIKV E protein could elicit cross-neutralizing antibodies and reduced the viremia level in DENV- and ZIKV-challenged AG129 mice. Our results highlighted that the bc loop epitope could be a promising target for flavivirus vaccine development.

Abstract Occupational exposure to extreme high temperatures and the increasing global temperatures necessitates a deeper understanding of the impact of heat exposure on human health. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of monocytes and neutrophils to heat exposure in occupational population remain to be fully elucidated. This study used longitudinal transcriptome to assess the impact of acute heat exposure (50°C for 30 min) in 10 subjects from a mine rescue team before acute heat exposure (baseline) and at 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 24 h after acute heat exposure (recovery). The time‐series analysis revealed a coordinated molecular choreography of changes involving inflammation, coagulation, extracellular matrix, and energy metabolism. Importantly, the study characterized the inflammatory signature associated with heat exposure in monocytes and neutrophils, as evidenced by the rapid activation of the inflammation‐related transcriptome following heat exposure. Additionally, we pinpointed potential regulators, such as NR4A1, FOSL1, EGR3, and ATF3. In summary, the study suggested that the initial response to heat stress in monocytes and neutrophils from mine rescue team member was primarily characterized by a pro‐inflammatory stress response, which could potentially lead to the development of inflammation and ultimately result in a systemic inflammatory response in heatstroke.

Abstract Background Dopamine is a neurotransmitter and has been found to regulate lymphocytes by acting on dopamine receptors (DRs). CD4+ T cells express all the five subtypes of DRs, D1R to D5R. Although CD4+ T cells have been involved in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), roles of DRs expressed on these cells in RA are poorly understood. This study determined whether D2R expressed on CD4+ T cells regulates inflammatory responses and signs in collagen type II (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA), a mouse model of RA. Methods DBA/1 mice and C57BL/6 mice with global D1r or D2r deficiency (D1r –/– or D2r –/– ) or CD4+ T cell-specific D2r deletion (D2r fl/fl /CD4 Cre ) were used to prepare CIA model by intradermal injection of CII. D2R agonist sumanirole was intraperitoneally administered in CIA mice. CD4+ T cells obtained from CIA mice were exposed to sumanirole or/and D2R antagonist L-741,626 in vitro. Arthritic symptoms were assessed by clinical arthritis scores. Flow cytometric assay measured frequencies of CD4+ T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells). Expression of specific transcription factors for the CD4+ T cell subsets was tested by Western blot. Cytokine production was estimated by quantitative PCR and ELISA. Results CIA mice manifested a bias of CD4+ T cells towards Th1 and Th17 cells. D2r –/– CIA mice showed a stronger bias towards Th1 and Th17 phenotypes than CIA mice, while D1r –/– CIA mice did not show the changes. CD4+ T cell-specific D2r deletion exacerbated both the polarization towards Th1 and Th17 cells and the symptoms of arthritis. Sumanirole administration in CIA mice ameliorated the bias of CD4+ T cells towards Th1 and Th17 phenotypes as well as arthritic symptoms. Sumanirole treatment of in vitro CD4+ T cells obtained from CIA mice promoted the shift to Treg cells, and the effect of sumanirole was blocked by L-741,626. Conclusions D2R expressed on CD4+ T cells is protective against imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory T cells and arthritic symptoms in CIA.

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends vaccination against hepatitis B as soon as possible following birth for all infants, regardless of prematurity. Hepatitis B vaccination at birth is clearly justified, represents a crucial step in the global control of perinatally acquired hepatitis B and there are no safety concerns in infants born at term. However, there is limited information on the safety of the hepatitis B vaccine in preterm infants, whose immune responses and morbidity risk differ from those in infants born at term. Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to systematically review the literature regarding the safety and risk of adverse events following immunisation (AEFIs) associated with the administration of the hepatitis B vaccine (monovalent or as part of a combination vaccine) to preterm infants. Methods: We performed a search for relevant papers published between 1 January 2002 and 30 March 2023 in the Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and CINAHL Plus databases. Two authors independently reviewed and analysed each article to include in the systematic review. Narrative synthesis is presented. Results: Twenty-one relevant papers were identified and included in this systematic review. The vast majority of data pertained to multi-antigen (combination) vaccine preparations and vaccination episodes from 6 weeks of age onwards. We found no publications investigating the timing of the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine, and AEFI reporting was exclusively short-term (hours to days following administration). There was substantial variability in the reported rate of AEFIs between studies, ranging from 0% to 96%. Regardless of frequency, AEFIs were mostly minor and included injection site reactions, temperature instability and self-limiting cardiorespiratory events. Six studies reported serious adverse events (SAEs) such as the requirement for escalation of respiratory support. However, these occurred predominantly in high-risk infant populations and were rare (~1%). Using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach, the certainty of evidence was assessed as very low. Conclusions: Despite substantial variability between the relatively small number of published studies in terms of cohort selection, definitions, vaccine preparations and reporting, hepatitis B-containing vaccines (mostly as combination vaccines) appear to be relatively well tolerated in preterm infants from 6 weeks of age. Research focusing on the safety of hepatitis B vaccine in preterm infants specifically within 7 days of birth is lacking, particularly regarding long-term morbidity risk. Further research in this area is required.

How plants respond to multiple stresses occurring simultaneously is poorly understood. Here the authors describe how gene expression in Marchantia polymorpha responds to different combinations of seven abiotic stresses and provide online resources to facilitate data visualization and usability.

Glasses-free three-dimensional (3D) display has attracted wide interest for providing stereoscopic virtual contents with depth cues. However, how to achieve high spatial and angular resolution while keeping ultrawide field of view (FOV) remains a significant challenge in 3D display. Here, we propose a light field 3D display with space-variant resolution for non-uniform distribution of information and energy. The spatial resolution of each view is modulated according to watching habit. A large-scale combination of pixelated 1D and 2D metagratings is used to manipulate dot and horizontal line views. With the joint modulation of pixel density and view arrangement, the information density and illuminance of high-demand views are at most 5.6 times and 16 times that of low-demand views, respectively. Furthermore, a full-color and video rate light field 3D display with non-uniform information distribution is demonstrated. The prototype provides 3D images with a high spatial resolution of 119.6 pixels per inch and a high angular resolution of 0.25 views per degree in the high-demand views. An ultrawide viewing angle of 140° is also provided. The proposed light field 3D display does not require ultrahigh-resolution display panels and has form factors of thin and light. Thus, it has the potential to be used in portable electronics, window display, exhibition display, as well as tabletop display.

Methylprednisolone pulse treatment is currently used for optic neuritis. It can speed visual recovery, but does not improve the ultimate visual outcomes. Recent studies have reported that miR-125a-5p has immunomodulatory effects on autoimmune diseases. However, it remains unclear whether miR-125a-5p has effects on optic neuritis. In this study, we used adeno-associated virus to overexpress or silence miR-125a-5p in mice. We found that silencing miR-125a-5p increased the latency of visual evoked potential and aggravated inflammation of the optic nerve. Overexpression of miR-125a-5p suppressed inflammation of the optic nerve, protected retinal ganglion cells, and increased the percentage of Treg cells. Our findings show that miR-125a-5p exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through promoting the differentiation of Treg cells.