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Despite remarkable initial responses of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors in ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, cancers eventually develop resistance within one to two years. This study aimed to compare the properties of iruplinalkib (WX‑0593) with other ALK inhibitors and report the comprehensive characterization of iruplinalkib against the crizotinib resistance. The inhibitory effect of iruplinalkib on kinase activity was detected. A kinase screen was performed to evaluate the selectivity of iruplinalkib. The effect of iruplinalkib on related signal transduction pathways of ALK and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) kinases was examined. The cellular and in vivo activities of ALK inhibitors were compared in engineered cancer-derived cell lines and in mice xenograft models, respectively. Human hepatocytes derived from three donors were used for evaluating hepatic enzyme inducing activity. HEK293 cell lines expressing transportors were used to invesigated the drug interaction potential mediated by several transporters. The results showed iruplinalkib potently inhibited the tyrosine autophosphorylation of wild-type ALK, ALKL1196M, ALKC1156Y and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)L858R/T790M. The inhibitory effects of iruplinalkib in patient-derived xenograft and cell line-derived xenograft models were observed. Moreover, iruplinalkib showed robust antitumor effects in BALB/c nude mice xenograft models with ALK-/ROS1-positive tumors implanted subcutaneously, and the tumor suppressive effects in crizotinib-resistant model was significantly better than that of brigatinib. Iruplinalkib did not induce CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 at therapeutic concentration, and was also a strong inhibitor of MATE1 and MATE2K transporters, as well as P-gp and BCRP. In conclusion, iruplinalkib, a highly active and selective ALK/ROS1 inhibitor, exhibited strong antitumor effects in vitro and in crizotinib-resistant models.

A large-capacity prismatic lithium-ion battery thermal management system (BTMS) combining composite phase change material (CPCM), a flat heat pipe (FHP), and liquid cooling is proposed. The three conventional configurations analyzed in this study are the BTMSs using only CPCM, CPCM with aluminum thermal diffusion plates, and CPCM with FHPs. In addition, a CPCM–FHP assisted with liquid cooling at the lateral sides is established to enhance the thermal performance of large-capacity batteries. Moreover, the influences of coolant temperature, the number of FHPs and cooling pipes, and the coolant direction on the temperature field of a BTMS are discussed. Finally, the orthogonal design method is used for the multi-level analysis of multiple factors to improve the light weight of the system. The optimal parameter combination is obtained to achieve the best thermal performance of the BTMS, with the maximum temperature and the temperature difference at 43.17 °C and 3.36 °C, respectively, under a maximum discharge rate of 2C and a high-temperature environment of 37 °C. The optimal scheme is further analyzed and affirmed through the comprehensive balance method.

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH, encoded by EPHX2) and P2X2 (a subtype of ATP receptors) may mediate the antidepressant-like effects of ATP. We sought to determine whether polymorphisms and mRNA expression of EPHX2 and P2X2 are associated with depression and suicidal behavior and how cognition may mediate such associations.We examined 83 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of EPHX2 and P2X2. Subjects were MDD suicide attempters (N = 143), MDD non-suicide attempters (N = 248), and healthy volunteers (HV, N = 110). Data on demographics, depression severity, and suicide attempts were collected. Participants completed a set of cognitive tasks. Polymorphisms were genotyped using MALDI-TOF MS within the MassARRAY system. The expression of mRNA was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Cognitive function was a significant mediator (p = 0.006) of the genetic effect on depression. Allele C of rs202059124 was associated with depression risk (OR = 11.57, 95%CI: 2.33-209.87, p = 0.0181). A significant relationship was found between P2X2 mRNA expression and depression (OR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.49-0.94, p = 0.0199). One haploblock (rs9331942 and rs2279590) was associated with suicide attempts: subjects with haplotype GC (frequency = 19.8 %, p = 0.017) and AT (frequency = 35.2 %, p 0.001) had a lower rate of suicide attempts.Our results confirmed that cognitive impairment plays a role in the effect of rs9331949 on depression. Moreover, we confirmed a relationship between P2X2, EPHX2, and MDD in humans and presented preliminary haplotype-based evidence that implicates EPHX2 in suicide.The main limitation of this study is the limited sample size. More comprehensive and multi-domain cognition tasks and different assessment measures are required in further study.

Objectives The objective of this study was to estimate the features of suicide rate and its association with antidepressant prescriptions during the past decade in China. Methods Official data on suicides were obtained and stratified by four age groups, gender, urban/rural areas, and regions (East, Central, and West). The annual antidepressant prescriptions were expressed in pills per 100 persons calculated as the volume of prescriptions divided by the total population. Negative binomial regression was carried out to examine the association between suicide and other variables. Results Suicide rates in each stratum typically decreased from 2008 to 2015, while annual antidepressant prescriptions were generally increased by the year. The suicide rate increased with age and was greater in adult males than in females; higher in the central area and greater in rural than in urban areas. Suicide rates are negatively associated with antidepressant prescriptions including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (Incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.983, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.983-0.983), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (IRR 0.951, 95% CI 0.951-0.951), tricyclic antidepressant (IRR 0.925, 95% CI 0.925-0.925) and total antidepressants (IRR 0.990, 95% CI 0.990-0.990) during 2008-2012. Conclusion Suicide varied among different studied stratum. Suicide rates are negatively associated with antidepressant prescriptions.

Previously, we reported that the longest variant of the GABA A receptor γ2 subunit (GABRG2) was associated with suicidal behavior. The present study therefore aimed to determine whether polymorphisms near the alternatively spliced exon of GABRG2 are associated with suicide attempt (SA) and its related traits, and how these variants might interact with reported childhood trauma (CT) in their association with suicidal behavior.We examined 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GABRG2. Subjects were suicide Attempters (N = 94), non-suicide attempters (N = 168) with MDD or Bipolar depression, and healthy volunteers (N = 100). Data on demographics, depression severity and suicide attempts were collected. Participants also completed a set of instruments assessing CT, and lifetime aggression and impulsivity.. GABRG2 polymorphisms were genotyped using Sanger sequencing.Allele A of rs211034 was a protective factor for SA (OR = 0.50 (0.32, 0.80), p = 0.003), and had an interaction effect with emotional neglect (OR = 0.89 (0.82, 0.97), p = 0.006) on depression. One haploblock (consisting of rs211035 and rs211034) was identified within these SNPs, and subjects with haplotype GA (frequency = 7.3%), had lower rate of SA (OR=0.26(0.10, 0.67), p = 0.006). Cognitive impulsivity (OR=1.38)1.24,1.55), p 0.001), non-planning impulsivity (OR = 1.18 (1.10,1.25), p 0.001), anger (OR = 1.13 (1.07,1.19), p 0.001), impulsivity total score (OR = 1.10(1.06,1.15), p 0.001), hostility (OR = 1.10 (1.04, 1.15), p 0.001), aggression total score (OR = 1.05 (1.03,1.07), p 0.001) were associated with depression, meanwhile, hopelessness (OR = 2.18 (1.56, 3.04), p 0.001) and impulsivity total score (OR = 1.05 (1.02,1.08), p 0.001) were associated with the risk of SA, adjusted by age and gender. There was no mediation effect in the relationship among CT, gene polymorphisms and SA or depression through increased impulsivity or aggression.The main limitation of this study is its modest sample size. More genetic variants as well as epigenetic markers should be examined in future studies.These findings add to evidence for the involvement of GABRG2 and impulsivity and hopelessness in SA independent from their association with depression. More research is needed on possible mediators of the relationship between GABA-related gene and SA.

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of two doses of the adsorbed vaccine COVID-19 (inactivated) produced by Sinovac in symptomatic individuals, with virological confirmation of COVID-19, two weeks after the completion of the two-dose vaccination regimen, aged 18 years or older who work as health professionals providing care to patients with possible or confirmed COVID-19. To describe the occurrence of adverse reactions associated with the administration of each of two doses of the adsorbed vaccine COVID-19 (inactivated) produced by Sinovac up to one week after vaccination in Adults (18-59 years of age) and Elderly (60 years of age or more). Trial design This is a Phase III, randomized, multicenter, endpoint driven, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of the adsorbed vaccine COVID-19 (inactivated) produced by Sinovac. The adsorbed vaccine COVID-19 (inactivated) produced by Sinovac (product under investigation) will be compared to placebo. Voluntary participants will be randomized to receive two intramuscular doses of the investigational product or the placebo, in a 1: 1 ratio, stratified by age group (18 to 59 years and 60 years or more) and will be monitored for one year by active surveillance of COVID-19. Two databases will be established according to the age groups: one for adults (18-59 years) and one for the elderly (60 years of age or older). The threshold to consider the vaccine efficacious will be to reach a protection level of at least 50%, as proposed by the World Health Organization and the FDA. Success in this criterion will be defined by sequential monitoring with adjustment of the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval above 30% for the primary efficacy endpoint. Participants Healthy participants and / or participants with clinically controlled disease, of both genders, 18 years of age or older, working as health professionals performing care in units specialized in direct contact with people with possible or confirmed cases of COVID-19. Participation of pregnant women and those who are breastfeeding, as well as those intending to become pregnant within three months after vaccination will not be allowed. Participants will only be included after signing the voluntary Informed Consent Form and ensuring they undergo screening evaluation and conform to all the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the clinical sites are located in Brazil. Intervention and comparator Experimental intervention: The vaccine was manufactured by Sinovac Life Sciences (Beijing, China) and contains 3 μg/0.5 mL (equivalent to 600 SU per dose) of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus, and aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant. Control comparator: The placebo contains aluminium hydroxide in a 0.5 mL solution The schedule of both, experimental intervention and placebo is two 0.5 mL doses IM (deltoid) with a two week interval. Main outcomes The primary efficacy endpoint is the incidence of symptomatic cases of virologically confirmed COVID-19 two weeks after the second vaccination. The virological diagnosis will be confirmed by detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in a clinical sample. The primary safety endpoint is the frequency of solicited and unsolicited local and systemic adverse reactions during the period of one week after vaccination according to age group in adult (18-59 years old) and elder (60 years of age or older) subjects. Adverse reactions are defined as adverse events that have a reasonable causal relationship to vaccination. Randomisation There will be two randomization lists, one for each age group, based on the investigational products to be administered, i.e., vaccine or placebo at a 1: 1 ratio. Each randomization list will be made to include up to 11,800 (18-59 year-old) adults, and 1,260 elderly (60 y-o and older) participants, the maximum number of participants needed per age group. An electronic central randomization system will be used to designate the investigational product that each participant must receive. Blinding (masking) This trial is designed as a double-blind study to avoid introducing bias in the evaluation of efficacy, safety and immunogenicity. The clinical care team, the professionals responsible for the vaccination and the participants will not know which investigational product will be administered. Only pharmacists or nurses in the study who are responsible for the randomization, separation and blinding of the investigational product will have access to unblinded information. The sponsor's operational team will also remain blind. Numbers to be randomised (sample size) The total number of participants needed to evaluate efficacy, 13,060 participants, satisfies the needed sample size calculated to evaluate safety. Therefore, the total number obtained for efficacy will be the number retained for the study. Up to 13,060 participants are expected to enter the study, with up to 11,800 participants aged 18 to 59 years and 1,260 elderly participants aged 60 and over. Half of the participants of each group will receive the experimental vaccine and half of them will receive the placebo. The recruitment of participants may be modified as recommended by the Data Safety Monitoring Committee at time of the interim unblinded analysis or blind assessment of the COVID-19 attack rate during the study. Trial Status Protocol version 2.0 – 24-Aug-2020. Recruitment started on July 21st, 2020. The recruitment is expected to conclude in October 2020. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0445659. Registry on 2 July 2020 Full protocol The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol.

Reconstructing axonal projections of single neurons at whole-brain level is a currently converging goal of the neuroscience community, which is fundamental to understanding the logic of information flow in the brain. Thousands of single neurons from different brain regions recently have been morphologically reconstructed, but the corresponding physiological functions of these reconstructed neurons are lacking. By combining two-photon Ca2+ imaging with targeted single-cell plasmid electroporation, we reconstructed the brain-wide morphologies of single neurons that were defined by a sound-evoked response map in the auditory cortex of awake mice. Long-range interhemispheric projections can be reliably labelled with co-injection of adeno-associated virus. This method avoids the randomness and ambiguity of conventional methods of neuronal morphological reconstruction, offering an avenue for developing a precise one-to-one map of neuronal projection and physiological function. Our method can be readily implemented in many laboratories that have been equipped with a standard two-photon microscope and electrophysiological devices.

Suicide is an important global public problem, with an estimated 800,000 people die by suicide each year worldwide ...

Using the first-principles calculations, we investigated electronic and magnetic properties of Mn-doped HfS 2 monolayer for 4% and 8% Mn concentration. We study the strain tuning of electronic and magnetic properties of 4% Mn-doped HfS 2 monolayer firstly. Our results show that the Mn-doped HfS 2 monolayer is magnetic nanomaterial without strain. It keeps this character until the compressive strain comes to −8%, and the magnetism disappear with lager compressive strain. With the increasing tensile strain, the doped system transforms from semiconductor to half-metallic when the tensile strain is equivalent to or greater than 5%. The largest half-metallic gap is 1.307 eV at 5% tensile strain and the magnetic moment always keeps about 3μ B , which indicates that Mn-doped HfS 2 monolayer can be a candidate for superior half-metallic namomaterial. Furthermore, we find two Mn dopants couple ferromagnetically via antiferromagnetic (AFM) p-d exchange interaction at the environment of 8% concentration. It keeps the properties of magnetic semiconductor under two Mn-doped configurations with different Mn-Mn separations. Our studies predict Mn-doped HfS 2 monolayer under strain to be candidates for dilute magnetic semiconductors.

We report electronic structure of 1T-ZrS 2 monolayer with biaxial strain from −10% to 15%, basing the first principles calculations. Our calculation results indicate that the band structure of ZrS 2 monolayer was changed clearly. The location of conduction band minimum (CBM) and valence band maximum (VBM) changed with the variation of isotropic strain. At compressive strain, the location of CBM and VBM retains at M and Γ point, respectively. The band gap of ZrS 2 monolayer decreases from 1.111 eV to 0 eV when compressive strain increases from 0% to −8%, which means that the ZrS 2 monolayer turns to metal at −8% compressive strain. Under the tensile strain, the ZrS 2 monolayer also retains be an indirect band gap semiconductor. The location of CBM moves from M to Γ point and the location of VBM moves along Γ-A-K-Γ direction. The band gap of ZrS 2 monolayer firstly increases and then decreases and the biggest band gap is 1.577 eV at tensile strain 6%. We can see the compression strain is more effective than tensile strain in modulating band gap of 1T-ZrS 2 monolayer.

We perform first-principles based on the density function theory to investigate electronic and magnetic properties of 1T-HfS2 monolayer with biaxial tensile strain and compressive strain. The results show that HfS2 monolayer under strains doesn’t display magnetic properties. When the strain is 0%, the HfS2 monolayer presents an indirect band gap semiconductor with the band gap is about 1.252 eV. The band gap of HfS2 monolayer decreases quickly with increasing compressive strain and comes to zero when the compressive strain is above −7%, the HfS2 monolayer system turns from semiconductor to metal. While the band gap increases slowly with increasing tensile strain and comes to 1.814 eV when the tensile strain is 10%. By comparison, we find that the compressive strain is more effective in band engineering of pristine 1T-HfS2 monolayer than the tensile strain. And we notice that the extent of band gap variation is different under tensile strain. The change of band gap with strain from 1% to 5% is faster than that of the strain 6–10%. To speak of, the conduction band minimum (CBM) is all located at M point with different strains. While the valence band maximum (VBM) turns from Γ point to K point when the strain is equal to and more than 6%.

We study the effect of strain on electronic and magnetic properties of Ni-doped monolayer WSe2 by using a method of plane wave potential technique based on the density function theory. We find that Ni-doped monolayer WSe2 becomes a magnetic metal material, and the magnetic moment is 1.466 μB. When we apply different compressive strain, Ni-doped WSe2 shows half-metallic from magnetic properties firstly. With increasing compressive strain, Ni-doped WSe2 shows magnetic metal properties from −8% to −10%. The magnetic moment also increases firstly and then decreases with increasing compressive strains, the biggest magnetic moment is 3.280 μB at −3% compressive strain and the minimum magnetic moment is 0.658μB at −10% compressive strain. While, the magnetic moment increases slowly with increasing tensile strain and comes to 1.812μB at 10% tensile strain. By comparison, we find that there is stronger effect of compressive strain on electronic and magnetic properties of this doped system than that of tensile strain.

Using first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory, we study the effect of strain on the electronic and magnetic properties of Cr-doped WSe2 monolayer. The results show that no magnetic moment is induced in the Cr-doped WSe2 monolayer without strain. For the Cr substitutions, the impurity states are close to the conduction bands, which indicate n-type doping occurs in this case. Then we applied strain (from −10% to 10%) to the doped system, and find that a little magnetic moment is induced with tensile strain from 6% to 9% and negligible. We find that the influence of strain on the magnetic properties is inappreciable in Cr-doped WSe2. Moreover, the tensile strain appears to be more effective in reducing the band gap of Cr-doped WSe2 monolayer than the compressive strain.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hypertension management and analyse the factors associated with blood pressure reduction within China’s primary healthcare system. Background: Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for global disease burden and is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases. In China, hypertension is a serious public health problem, but few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of hypertension management in China’s primary healthcare system. Methods: The study sites were 24 primary healthcare institutions, selected using multistage stratified random sampling method. In each institution, hypertension patients aged at least 35 years who agreed to participate and had no disabilities or mental health problems were enrolled for hypertension management. Participants received comprehensive interventions in the primary healthcare system via a team. After a one-year intervention, data from 6575 hypertension patients were analysed to check the effectiveness of hypertension management and examined factors associated with hypertension control. Findings: There was an overall mean reduction of 4.5 mmHg in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 1.9 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The blood pressure reduction after one year was greater in rural patients than in urban patients, 6.6 mmHg versus 3.4 mmHg for SBP and 2.6 mmHg versus 1.6 mmHg for DBP, respectively. The hypertension control rate also increased more in rural areas (22.1%) than in urban areas (10.6%) after the one-year intervention. Age, body mass index, region and being in an urban area had a significant negative association with the reduction of SBP (P < 0.05). Education level and baseline SBP showed a significant positive association (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Community-based hypertension management by general practitioners was feasible and effective. The effectiveness of hypertension management in rural areas was greater than in urban areas. Intervention strategies should pay more attention to patients in rural areas and western China.

Magnetic Fe3O4-polydopamine (PDA) hybrid hollow microspheres, in which Fe3O4 nanoparticles were firmly incorporated in the cross-linked PDA shell, have been prepared through the formation of core/shell PS/Fe3O4-PDA composites based on template-induced covalent assembly method, followed by core removal in a tetrahydrofuran solution. The morphology, composition, thermal property and magnetic property of the magnetic hybrid hollow microspheres were characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, TGA, and vibrating sample magnetometer, respectively. Results revealed that the magnetic hybrid hollow microspheres had about 380 nm of inner diameter and about 30 nm of shell thickness, and 13.6 emu g(-1) of magnetization saturation. More importantly, the Fe3O4-PDA hybrid hollow microspheres exhibited intrinsic peroxidase-like activity, as they could quickly catalyze the oxidation of typical substrates 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Compared with PDA/Fe3O4 composites where Fe3O4 nanoparticles were loaded on the surface of PDA microspheres, the stability of Fe3O4-PDA hybrid hollow microspheres was greatly improved. As-prepared magnetic hollow microspheres might open up a new application field in biodetection, biocatalysis, and environmental monitoring.

Ag–Au bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) are deposited on poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS) nanotubes by a facile and effective co-reduction method, wherein the PZS nanotubes with abundant hydroxyl groups have been prepared via an in situ template approach. Upon varying the feeding amounts of the Ag and Au precursors, the bimetallic compositions of the PZS nanotubes can be readily tuned resulting in a series of bimetallic catalysts with different Ag to Au molar ratios, thus leading to the tunable catalytic properties. Characterization results show that the Ag–Au bimetallic nanoparticles with smaller size and good dispersibility are well anchored onto the surface of the PZS nanotubes. Furthermore, the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) into 4-aminophenol (4-AP) by NaBH4 is applied as a model reaction to study the effect of different Ag-to-Au molar ratios on the catalytic capabilities of the resulting composites. It is found that the catalytic capability is remarkably enhanced when the Au content is increased. The maximum activity parameter value reaches 92.2 s−1 g−1, which is far higher than that of PZS nanotubes decorated with either Ag or Au nanoparticles alone.

Purpose Immunonutrition has been used to prevent the complications after colorectal elective surgery. This systematic review aimed to analyze and assess the effect of immunonutrition on colorectal cancer patients who received elective surgery. Methods Three electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane) were used to search the latent studies which investigated the effects of enteral immunonutrition (EIN) compared with standard enteral nutrition (EN) or parenteral immunonutrition (PIN) compared with standard parenteral nutrition (PN) on colorectal cancer patients who are undergoing surgery until 21st of April, 2017. Meta-analysis was conducted to calculate odd risk (OR), mean difference (MD), or standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI), and heterogeneity was tested by Q test. Results Nine publications were included. The meta-analysis results presented that EIN improved the length of hospital stay (pooled MD, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.29–3.41), infectious complications (pooled OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.21–0.53) which contains the Surgical Site Infections (pooled OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.22–0.58) and Superficial/Deep incisional infections (pooled OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.12–0.64); meanwhile, PIN improved the length of hospital stay (pooled MD, 2.66; 95% CI, 0.62–4.76), IL-6 (pooled MD, − 6.09; 95% CI, − 10.11 to − 2.07), CD3 (pooled MD, 7.50; 95% CI, 3.57–11.43), CD4 (pooled MD, 5.47; 95% CI, 2.54–8.40), and CD4/CD8 (pooled MD, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.22–0.78); the level of CD8 was lower (pooled MD, − 4.32; 95% CI, − 7.09 to − 1.55) in PIN. Conclusion Immunonutrition could be an effective approach to enhance the immune function of colorectal cancer patients undergoing elective surgery and to improve the clinical and laboratory outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00384-017-2958-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The polypyrrole (PPy) nanofibers were synthesized by an oxidative template assembly route and evaluated as an adsorbent for the removal of a typical anionic dye (methyl orange, MO) from aqueous solution. The as-synthesized PPy nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and N 2 sorption. The effects of contact time, initial MO concentration, temperature, and initial solution pH on the adsorption of MO onto PPy nanofibers have been investigated. Experimental results showed that the PPy nanofibers possessed excellent adsorption capacity for MO (169.55 mg/g) at 25 °C. The pseudo-second-order model could fit to the experimental data better comparing with the pseudo-first-order kinetic adsorption model. And isotherm data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. In addition, the possible adsorption mechanism was proposed based on the experimental results. And the selective adsorption behaviors of the polypyrrole nanofibers towards different organic dyes were explored and the re-use of adsorbate was tested.

The objective of this study was to examine the association between patient satisfaction with community health service (CHS) and self-management behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).In all, 1691 patients with T2DM from 8 community health centers in 5 provinces in China participated in the present study. The dependent variables included 4 measures of self-management behaviors: regular self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), prescribed medication adherence, recommended dietary changes, and regular exercise. The independent variable was patient satisfaction with CHS. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to examine the association between patient satisfaction with CHS and self-management behaviors.The mean satisfaction score in the participants was 3.14 (out of a maximum of 5). After adjusting for covariates including demographic factors, health status, health knowledge, and socioeconomic status (SES), diabetic patients with high CHS satisfaction had better medication adherence (odds ratio [OR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.55), increased exercise management (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.35), and more SMBG (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.32); all these associations varied across SES groups. The association between satisfaction and medication adherence was significant among participants younger than 65 years with lower education (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.37-3.37), income (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.13-2.32), and lower-status occupations (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.16-2.47). Among participants younger than 65 years and had lower education attainment, the association between satisfaction and diet management was observed. There were positive associations between satisfaction and regular exercise among subgroups of participants younger than 65 years, except for lower education group. A significant association between satisfaction and SMBG among participants ≥65 years old, who also had lower SES and higher-status occupations, was also observed.The study findings suggested that T2DM patient satisfaction with CHS was moderate. High satisfaction with CHS indicated better medication adherence, exercise management, and SMBG, and these associations varied by SES.

This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and sociodemographic factors of anemia in children

Background. In order to address several health challenges, the Chinese government issued the National Essential Public Health Services Package (NEPHSP) in 2009. In China’s large cities, the lack of funding for community health centers and consequent lack of comprehensive services and high quality care has become a major challenge. However, no study has been carried out to estimate the cost of delivering the services in the package. This project was to develop a cost estimation approach appropriate to the context and use it to calculate the cost of the NEPHSP in Beijing in 2011. Methods By adjusting models of cost analysis of primary health care and workload indicators of staffing need developed by the World Health Organization, a model was developed to estimate the cost of the services in the package through an intensive interactive process. A total of 17 community health centers from eight administrative districts in Beijing were selected. Their service volume and expenditure data in 2010 were used to evaluate the costs of providing the NEPHSP in Beijing based on the applied model. Results The total workload of all types of primary health care in 17 sample centers was equivalent to the workload requirement for 14,056,402 standard clinic visits. The total expenditure of the 17 sample centers was 26,329,357.62 USD in 2010. The cost of the workload requirement of one standard clinic visit was 1.87 USD. The workload of the NEPHSP was equivalent to 5,514,777 standard clinic visits (39.23 % of the total workload). The model suggests that the cost of the package in Beijing was 7.95 USD per capita in 2010. The cost of the NEPHSP in urban areas was lower than suburban areas: 7.31 and 8.65 USD respectively. Conclusions The average investment of 3.97 USD per capita in NEPHSP was lower than the amount needed to meet its running costs. NEPHSP in Beijing is therefore underfunded. Additional investment is needed, and a dynamic cost estimate mechanism should be introduced to ensure services remain adequately funded.

To analyze the impact of implementation on health management programs among the community-based 0-36-month-olds regarding their growth and development.18 Monitoring Bodies in 8 pilot areas were selected to enroll this study, using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. All the children aged 0 to 36 months were followed, according to the health management specification, and their health archives were collected.A total of 13 464 children were involved in the specified management program with a total of 59 648 person-time under follow-up, with 54.26% of them were boys. Results from the multi-layer linear model indicated that the average height of children in the specified management group was higher than that in the non-standardized management group. Children in the specification management group, their weight gain had also been more effectively controlled. At the same time, with the increasing number of follow-ups according to the specification, the prevalence rates of under weight, stunt, emaciation and overweight were all significantly decreased (P0.05).The implementation of the community-based programs on 0-36-month-olds regarding their health management specification had improved children's growth and development.

BackgroundAntibiotic resistance is one of the world’s biggest public health issues, and the situation in China is particularly grave. The objective of this study is to investigate the antibiotics usage pattern among Chinese children and provide further insight in developing strategies for promoting public health education.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study, in the study, participants are from 53,665 guardians of children aged 0–6 years, who were recruited with multistage stratified random cluster sampling in 2013/2014 from 46 community health centers in 14 provinces across China Mainland. Children’s guardians completed surveys on their previous experience on using antibiotics in treating diarrhea of their children without a prescription from any pediatrician. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) for the association between antibiotic use and its predictors were estimated using multilevel logistic regression models, with antibiotic rational use group as a reference group.ResultsThe prevalence of antibiotic misuse among children with diarrhea in the eastern, middle and western areas of China and associations between antibiotic misuse and its predictors were studied. The average rate of antibiotic misuse is 35.12%. Multilevel logistic regression revealed that living in urban areas (OR = 0.79 (0.76, 0.83)), female children (OR = 0.92 (0.88, 0.96)), guardians having higher education (OR = 0.60 (0.55, 0.66)), being raised by parents (OR = 0.90 (0.85, 0.94)), guardians having basic health knowledge (OR = 0.82 (0.79, 0.86)) are protective factors and children’s age (1–3 years OR = 1.62 (1.54, 1.71)); 4–6 years OR = 1.90 (1.77, 2.03)) is a risk factor of antibiotic misuse among children aged 0–6 years with diarrhea in China.ConclusionsOur findings confirmed that there has been a high rate of antibiotic misuse without a prescription in children with diarrhea in China, which requires considerable attention. Suitable regulations and interventions are needed to solve this problem.

HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China has not been well studied. We systematically reviewed studies addressing HIV testing among MSM in China and conducted a meta-analysis on testing indicators before and after the adoption of China’s National Plan for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control among MSM in 2007. Rate of lifetime HIV testing (24 % [period 1—before adoption] vs. 47 % [period 2—after adoption]) and testing in the past 12 months (21 vs. 38 %) were both significantly higher in period 2. Rate of lifetime pre-test counseling showed a significant increase from period 1 to period 2 (72 vs. 90 %), while the figure for the past 12 months pre-test counseling did not change (51 vs. 50 %). More efforts are needed to promote frequent HIV testing among MSM.

To study the reproductive toxicity of male rats exposed to 1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane and to explore the toxic mechanism of two isomers.18 SPF SD male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 each, respectively. The groups were exposed to corn oil, 1-BP (1 g/kg) and 2-BP (1 g/ kg) for 7 days by intraperitoneally injection. Trait of reproductive organs, sperm characteristics, testicular histological and apoptotic findings and the lipid peroxidation in the testicular and epididymal tissue were determined.Results showed that treatment with bromopropanes induced reduction in sperm concentration and increments in abnormalities of sperm injuries to sperm quality. In addition, 1-BP increased GR activity (7. 42 +/- 2.98 vs. 4.25 +/- 1.18, P0.05) in testis, and SOD activity (91.87 +/- 3.93 vs. 80.59 +/- 9.92, P0.05) and MDA level (0.49 -/+ 0.20 vs. 0.39 +/- 0.08, P0.05) in epididymis. 2-BP decreased the GSH lever (6.35 +/- 1.86 vs. 10.89 +/- 3.69, P0.05) and increased the MDA level (0.42 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.24 +/- 0. 11, P0.05; 0.48 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.39 +/- 0.08, P0.05) in epididymis and testis, decreased GST ( 53.21 +/- 9.60 vs. 61.98 +/- 10.41, P0.05) and GR activity (2.48 +/- 1.21 vs. 7.75 +/- 8.56, P0.05) in epididymis. There were no histopathological changes in treatment with 1-BP rats, except that retained and elongated spermatids near basement membrane at the spermatogenesis cycle were found. Whereas, treatment with 2-BP induced vacuolation, degeneration and necrosis in seminiferous tubules. Paralleling with testicular lesion, treatment with 2-BP increased the total apoptotic cells per tubule, the percentage of apoptotic cells and apoptotic index significantly, comparing with control (17.72 +/- 4.59 vs. 5.92 +/- 1.05, P0.05; 0.34 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.10 +/- 0.02, P0.05; 6.64 +/- 3.40 vs. 0.59 +/- 0.20, P0.01). As compring with 1-BP group, exposed to 2-BP increased the percentages of TUNEL-positive tubules and apoptotic cellindex (0.34 +/- 0. 14 vs. 0.12 +/- 0. 03, P0.05; 6.64 +/- 3.40 vs. 0.76 +/- 0.21, P0.01). In addition, 2-BP group increased the proportion of apoptotic germ cells and the number of active caspase-3-positive cells per tubule, compared with 1-BP and control (P0.01, P0.01; P0.01, P0.01).This study indicates that bromopropanes can cause reproductive disorder in male rats, the rats treatment with 2-BP had more toxicity than that with 1-BP, and it might have different toxic mechanism between two isomers.