Search

Objective We present a prenatal case of 45,X/46,dic(X) with two asymmetric chromosome arms. Methods Single nucleotide polymorphism array(SNP-array),fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) and conventional cytogenetic analysis were performed for verification. Results The conventional G-banding analysis revealed a mosaic karyotype of mos 45,X/46,X,dic (X;X) (p11.2;q10) and the C-banding analysis showed that the derivative X chromosome had two darkly stained bands near the centromere.Two green signals and single green signal (X chromosome cetromere) were observed simultaneously in the metaphases and interphases FISH confirmation test,which indicated a mosaicism for X chromosome in the uncultured amniocytes.The SNP-array results revealed two copy-number-loss on the X chromosome.One was a 54.3Mb deletion in Xp22.33-p11.22 including 414 genes.Another was a mosaic deletion in Xp11.22-q28. Conclusion A combination of molecular and cytogenetic techniques should be employed to provide adequate genetic counseling to mosaic Turner sydrome patients for avoiding misdiagnosis.

Background Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease occurring in children under 5 years of age worldwide, and Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA-16) are identified as the predominant pathogens. In recent years, Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA-6) and Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA-10) have played more and more important role in a series of HFMD outbreaks. This study aimed to understand the epidemic characteristics associated with HFMD outbreak in Guangzhou, 2018. Methods The clinical and laboratory data of 1220 enterovirus-associated HFMD patients in 2018 were analysed in this study. Molecular diagnostic methods were performed to identify its serotypes. Phylogenetic analyses were depicted based on the complete VP1 gene. Results There were 21 enterovirus serotypes detected in Guangzhou in 2018. Three serotypes of enterovirus, CVA-6 (364/1220, 29.8%), CVA-10 (305/1220, 25.0%), and CVA-16 (397/1220, 32.5%), were identified as the causative pathogens and accounted for 87.3% among all 1220 HFMD patients. In different seasons, CVA-6 was the predominant pathogen of HFMD during autumn, and CVA-10 as well as CVA-16 were more prevalent in summer. Patients infected by CVA-6, CVA-10 or CVA-16 showed similar clinical features and laboratory characteristics, and the ratios of severe HFMD were 5.8, 5.9, and 1.5% in the three serotypes. Phylogenetic analyses of VP1 sequences showed that the CVA-6, CVA-10, and CVA-16 sequences belonged to the sub-genogroup E2, genogroup E, and genogroup B1, respectively. Conclusions CVA-6, CVA-10, and CVA-16 were the predominant and co-circulated serotypes in Guangzhou China, 2018, which should be the new target for prevention and control of HFMD. Our findings provide useful information for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of HFMD.

Full-field optical angiography is critical for vascular disease research and clinical diagnosis. Existing methods struggle to improve the temporal and spatial resolutions simultaneously.Spatiotemporal absorption fluctuation imaging (ST-AFI) is proposed to achieve dynamic blood flow imaging with high spatial and temporal resolutions.ST-AFI is a dynamic optical angiography based on a low-coherence imaging system and U-Net. The system was used to acquire a series of dynamic red blood cell (RBC) signals and static background tissue signals, and U-Net is used to predict optical absorption properties and spatiotemporal fluctuation information. U-Net was generally used in two-dimensional blood flow segmentation as an image processing algorithm for biomedical imaging. In the proposed approach, the network simultaneously analyzes the spatial absorption coefficient differences and the temporal dynamic absorption fluctuation.The spatial resolution of ST-AFI is up to 4.33 μm, and the temporal resolution is up to 0.032 s. In vivo experiments on 2.5-day-old chicken embryos were conducted. The results demonstrate that intermittent RBCs flow in capillaries can be resolved, and the blood vessels without blood flow can be suppressed.Using ST-AFI to achieve convolutional neural network (CNN)-based dynamic angiography is a novel approach that may be useful for several clinical applications. Owing to their strong feature extraction ability, CNNs exhibit the potential to be expanded to other blood flow imaging methods for the prediction of the spatiotemporal optical properties with improved temporal and spatial resolutions.

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in healthy children aged 0-6 years. METHODS: A total of 826 healthy Han children aged 0-6 years were recruited. According to their age, the children were divided into four groups:newborn, infant, toddler and preschool. Their peripheral blood samples were collected to measure the percentages of lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the percentages of CD3(+) T cells, CD3(+)CD4(+) T cells and CD3(-)CD19(+) B cells and the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio between boys and girls (P < 0.05). The girls had a lower percentage of CD3(-)CD19(+) B cells, higher percentages of CD3(+) T cells and CD3(+)CD4(+) T cells and a higher CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio than the boys. The newborn group had the highest percentages of CD3(+) T cells and CD3(+)CD4(+) T cells and the highest CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio (P < 0.05). The percentage of CD3(+)CD4(+) T cells and the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio gradually decreased with age and the preschool group had the lowest values (P < 0.05). The newborn group had the lowest percentages of CD3(-)CD19(+) B cells and CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+) NK cells (P < 0.05). The percentage of CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+) NK cells gradually increased with age and the preschool group had the highest percentage (P < 0.05). The percentage of CD3(-)CD19(+) B cells reached the peak in the toddler period and then decreased with age (P < 0.05). The preschool group had the highest percentage of CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells (P < 0.05). The variation trend of distribution of lymphocyte subsets in boys from different age groups was consistent with that in children from different age groups. For girls, the newborn group had the highest percentage of CD3(+)CD4(+) T cells and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in healthy children is significantly different across ages and sexes. Therefore, the reference values should be established according to age and sex.