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This paper studies the incorporation of migrant workers in the Chinese urban society and the challenges they face through questionnaire surveys on migrant workers and urban residents and corresponding statistical analysis. The authors argue that in Zhejiang Province, with its fast growing rural urbanization, there is a good amalgamation in the numbers of migrant workers and urban residents. Most migrant workers are satisfied with their lives in the cities, having strong desires to be incorporated into city life. 73.61% of migrant workers want to have more interactions with the local urban residents; 67.31% want to be recognized as part of the city; a little over 10% think they' re not incorporated into the urban society at all. Psychologically, urban residents understand migrant workers rather than discriminate against them. In reality, however, they don't really want to have interactions with them. Urban residents get to know migrant workers mainly through newspapers and TV programs. The mass media has important influences on the attitudes of the urban residents. It therefore has an important task to help the urban residents understand migrant workers. The mass media should give more publicity to the migrant workers' new images and their great contributions to the urban construction. It has a lot to do in strengthening urban residents' positive impressions of migrant workers. The "new dual social structure" formed in the cities is a key institutional factor inhibiting the construction of a harmonious urban society. There are distinct differences between "migrant workers" and "urban residents". Although migrant workers are workers in urban industries, their retained identity as peasants from the country makes them suffer from serious and unfair treatment in terms of allocation (wages) and reallocation (social securities). They are marginalized, a vulnerable group unsecured in the cities. Therefore, promoting the integrated urban-rural reforms and entitling peasants to equal treatment with urban residents is an institutional guarantee for promoting the incorporation of migrant workers into the urban society and achieving a harmonious relationship between migrant workers and urban residents. The key solution is to have both urban and rural residents entitled to equal rights, obligations and development opportunities. That is to say, urban and rural residents should equally enjoy rights of property, education, employment, social securities, social welfare and individual development, and equally shoulder the compulsory obligations stipulated by laws and regulations. Urban and rural economic entities should equally enjoy such development opportunities as admission to certain industries and credit services, and equally shoulder such social obligations as taxes and labor insurances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most women in China got the equal land rights in the initial distribution of land in the second round of contract. However, women often lose their land rights when they migrate somewhere else due to marriage or some other reasons. It is usually caused by the following four reasons. First, there is a conflict between the related legislations on the unchangeable contract rights for 30 years for the sake of protection and stability of the contract rights of farm households and Chinese custom that married rural women live in their husbands' villages, which leads Io a fact that women married within the contract term can neither get land in their husbands' villages nor take their contracted land away from their native villages and consequently the loss of their land rights. Second, the instability and inconsistence of land policies affect the continuity of the rural women's land contract rights. When local governments in many regions are adjusting land contract rights, they are deeply influenced by various informal constraints such as ethics and customs, which usually lead to the loss of land rights of migrated married women. Third, some migrated married women cannot get the land contract rights for the time being due to the limited land supply in some administrative villages. Lack or small quantity of reserved land make immigrated married women cannot get their land contract rights on time. They can only get the land after some villagers return their lands due to further education, death or marriage. In some villages with small land supply and big population, it will take a long time to get the land. Fourth, some divorced women cannot get the land contract rights due to the inequality between men and women. The contracted lands and the distributed profits from the rural collective lands are usually registered in the name of male head of the households. Once a family breaks, a rural woman is usually in a very disadvantaged position when distributing the household property such as household contracted land, land for house building and its attachment, and collective dividend. To solve the problems on the land rights of rural women, the Government should first affirm the land rights as real rights; quicken the reform of the land property right system; define the legal purview of some disposition rights including use right transfer, subcontract, lease, conversion into shares, joint operation, mortgage, and inheriting; adopt a marketalized mechanism to realize the dynamic land contract rights of married women, for example, distributing and transferring land real rights among family members or establishing cooperation within the family; conduct the shareholding reform of land operation rights and benefit rights in the villages with higher levels of industrialization and urbanization and protect the land rights of rural women by the reform of the land property right system. The Government should also strengthen the legal protection and assure the long-term land use right of the farmers particularly the rural women. The related laws such as "Law of Rural Land Contract" should be strictly implemented and the existing village custom and regulations which are contradictory to the related laws should be abolished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]